英语点滴英语学习教程

大英赛之重点词汇

2019-02-02  本文已影响12人  一日如十年

英语奥林匹克c类丛书笔记

本系列根据大英赛官方指定竞赛书的内容对重点知识进行收纳整理

准备19年4月份的大英赛,必胜!!!


重点单词大纲

重点单词列表

1.accommodation [əˌkɒm.ə'deɪ.ʃən]

用法:

1)用作不可数名词,”住所,住处“

2)复数,accommodations表示“住宿;膳宿”

3)可数名词,“和解;调和”

»They were forced to reach an accommodation with the rebels.他们被迫与叛乱分子达成调解协议。

辨析apartment,flat,accommodation,suite  

2.afflict \ə-ˈflikt\

中义:vt.使痛苦,折磨

英义:If you are afflicted by pain, illness, or disaster, it affects you badly and makes you suffer. 

用法:作动词,表示因为受到病痛或精神的折磨而痛苦

例句: About 40% of the country's population is afflictedwith the disease.

扩展:affliction n.折磨,可以作为可数和不可数名词。afflictive adj.使人苦恼的,折磨的。

辨析:inflict 常+on 表示  

3.alternate [ˈɒl.tə.neɪt]

中义:v.轮流,交替 adj.两种事物交替的,相间隔的

用法:

1)可及物和不及物动词,”间隔着穿插“

2)可形容词,“互相交替的”“可供选择的”

例句:

Lesley had agreed to Jim going skiing in alternate years.

He alternated working in the office with long tours overseas.他在办公室工作一段时间后就会安排一次海外长途旅行。

扩展:

alternative adj.两者选一的,供选择的,n.可供选择的方案

alternation n.交替,轮流

have no alternative but....除此之外别无选择

辨析alternate与alternative

4.ascribe  /əˈskraɪb/

中义:vt.认为是。。。造成的,归因于。。。

用法:及物动词,常+to

扩展: ascribable(adj.)归因于

例句:

He ascribed his failure to bad luck.他认为自己的失败是运气不好。

Their success is ascribable to the quality of their goods.他们的成功在于商品的质量。

5.compatible \kəm-ˈpa-tə-bəl\

中义:adj.一致的,合得来的 n.兼容

用法:

1)adj.常+with,“与。。。一致的”

2)电脑术语,指(设备等)可协同使用的,兼容的,配套的。

例句:

It was when we started living together that we found we just weren't compatible.等到开始生活在一起时,才发现我们根本合不来。

This software may not be compatible with older operating systems.该软体可能与较早期的作业系统不相容。

扩展:compatibility n.兼容性 ; incompatible adj.不可兼容的

辨析compatible,consistent

6.conceive \kən-ˈsēv\

中义:v.构想,想象,怀胎

用法:

1)v.“怀胎”

2)conceive of sth,conceive sth as sth"构想出"

3)conceive of sth/doing sth“想象”

扩展:

conceivable adj.可以想象的

常用句型 It is conceivable that..有理由相信。

It is hard conceivable that/There is no conceivable reason why..

例句:

She had conceived the idea of a series of novels...她萌生出撰写系列小说的想法。

About one in six couples has difficulty conceiving...大约1/6的夫妻有受孕困难。

I just can't even conceive of that quantity of money...那么多钱,我根本都无法想象。

辨析

7.decompose [ˌdiːkəmˈpoʊz]

中义:v.使变坏;分解

用法:使腐烂或变坏,可以作及物和不及物

扩展:decomposition n.(不可数)分解(作用);decomposer n.分解体,腐生菌

例句:The body must have been decomposing for several weeks.那具尸体肯定已经腐烂好几个星期了。

8.default  /dɪˈfɔːlt /

中义:n.违约,弃权;v.拖欠

用法:

1)n.常by default,表示因为对手的弃权而获胜,也表示没有履行合同的约定职责。短语 by default of 在缺。。的情况下

2)v.“不履行合同的约定””拖欠。。。“

扩展:judgment by default 缺席判决;to default on a debt拖欠借款

例句:

The company is in defaulton the loan.这家公司拖欠借款。

They accepted what he had said in default of any evidence to disprove it.由于缺乏相反的证据,他们相信了他的话。

9.deteriorate [dɪ'tɪə.ri.ə.reɪt]

中义:v.变坏,恶化

用法:作不及物动词,表“质量或价值的下降”,还可表“某种状态、关系、健康等的衰退、恶化”

扩展:deterioration n. 恶化 environmental deterioration 环境恶化

例句:The discussion quickly deteriorated into an angry argument.这场讨论迅速演变成愤怒的争吵。

10.elapse \i-ˈlaps\

中义:v.(时间)飞逝,过去;n.时间的流逝

用法:既可以作及物动词也可以作可数名词。通常不用于进行时。

扩展:elapsed time 赛车或赛艇完成规定赛程的实际消耗时间;time elapse quickly日月如梭;elapsed passing逝去

例句:

Four years had elapsed since he left college and still he hadn't found a job.他大学毕业都四年了,但还没有找到工作。

He went back to school after an elapse of two years.

11.elevate /ˈeləveɪt, ˈelɪveɪt/ 

中义:vt.提高,上升。

用法:

1)上升,举起

2)鼓舞,使人的情绪高昂

3)职业的提升;道德品质、信心、文化修养等的提高

扩展:elevation n.高度,海拔;提升(不可数名词)elevator n.电梯 ;elevated adj.好的,高尚的;elevating 引人向上的

例句:Their purpose is to elevate AIDS to the top of government priorities.

12.incidentally / ˌinsiˈdentli /  

中义:adv.附带地,顺便提及

用法:

1)"顺便提一下"。在句中作连接副词,用于补充说过的事情,或者提及刚想到的事。

2)表示某些情况偶然地发生

扩展:incidental adj.次要的,伴随的;incidental music配乐;incidental expense活动的杂费

例句:

Incidentally, have you heard the news about Sue?

The information was only discovered incidentally.这个信息只是偶然得到的。

13.inhibit \in-ˈhi-bət\

中义:v.阻止,妨碍,抑制

用法:

1)及物动词,表某种约束和抑制

2)常inhibit sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事

扩展:inhibition n.(因忧虑、窘迫造成的)抑制,阻碍;lose one's inhibition 无所顾忌

例句:A lack of oxygen may inhibit brain development in the unborn child.

缺氧可能阻碍胎儿的大脑发育。

辨析

14.perceive \pər-ˈsēv\

中义:v.理解,察觉

用法:

1)表示理解,后可+从句,常perceive sth.as sth.或perceive sth.to be sth.

2)察觉,注意到

扩展:perceptible adj.可察觉的;perception n.感知(力);认识,观念;perceptive adj.感觉敏锐的,善于理解的

例句:

The patient was perceived to have difficulty in breathing.发现病人呼吸困难。

This discovery was perceived as a major breakthrough.这一发现被视为一项重大突破。

15.plead \ˈplēd\

中义:v.恳求,申辩,辩护

用法:

1)“恳求”,常plead with sb.for sth"再三恳求或请求"plead with sb.to do sth"请求某人做某事"

2)指因未做某事或做错某事而提出理由或借口

3)为支持某一观点而争辩

扩展:plead ignorance借口不知情;pleader n.辩护人,申诉人;pleading adj.恳求的,请求的;pleadingly adv.恳求地

例句:

She pleaded with him not to go.她恳求他不要离开。

to plead guilty / not guilty认罪;不认罪

辨析

16.precede \pri-ˈsēd\

中义:v.在。。。之前;领先于

用法:

1)v.表示顺序、位置或时间上领先

2)表示级别、地位或重要程度上高于、、

扩展:precedence n.优先权;优先于;in order of precedence按照轻重缓急;take precedence over 优先于;precedent n.先例;set/create a precedent 开了一个先例;without precedent 史无前例

例句:

His resignation was preceded by weeks of speculation.在他辞职之前,有关的猜测已持续了几个星期。

She preceded me in the job.她是我这工作的前任。

17.undermine / ˌʌndəˈmain/

中义:v.暗中破坏,逐渐削弱

用法:

1)通过磨损基础而削弱

2)逐渐损坏;暗中破坏;暗中损害某人的地位、声誉、威信等

例句:

The President has accused two cabinet ministers of working secretly to undermine his position/him.总统指责有两位内阁部长在暗中算计他。

Criticism just undermines their confidence.批评只是削弱了他们的信心。

18.wrench \ˈrench\

中义:v.猛扭;挣脱 ;n.痛苦

用法:

1)v.猛扭某物,挣脱。常+off/away

2)n.表离开心爱的人或地方时候的悲伤、痛苦。还可表”猛扭、猛拉“,通常作单数

扩展:

wrenched adj.可怜的,难受的,挫劣的;throw a wrench into 妨碍,破坏

例句:

She wrenched her knee when she fell.她跌倒时把膝盖扭伤了。

His words wrenched a sob from her.他的话使得她难过得哭泣起来。

Leaving home was a terrible wrench for me.对我来说离开家是件十分痛苦的事。

The phone had been wrenched from/off the wall.电话从墙上被猛地扯了下来。

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