第五周：Linux文件查找与压缩

1、编写脚本 createuser.sh，实现如下功能:使用一个用户名做为参数，如果 指定参数的用户存在，就显示其存在，否则添加之;显示添加的用户的id号等信息

---------------------------------------------if条件判断
[root@Top ~]# cat creatuser.sh 
#!/bin/bash
read -p "Please enter a username:" USER_NAME
if `getent passwd $USER_NAME > /dev/null`;then
    echo "This user already exists!"
else useradd $USER_NAME
echo `getent passwd $USER_NAME`
fi

[root@Top ~]# bash creatuser.sh 
Please enter a username:user5
user5:x:2007:2007::/home/user5:/bin/bash

[root@Top ~]# bash creatuser.sh 
Please enter a username:user1
This user already exists!

----------------------------------------------短路与短路或条件判断
#!/bin/bash
getent passwd $1 > /dev/null && echo "This user already exists!" || (useradd $1; getent passwd $1)

[root@Top ~]# bash creatuser1.sh user1
This user already exists!

[root@Top ~]# bash creatuser1.sh user7
user7:x:2009:2009::/home/user7:/bin/bash

2、编写生成脚本基本格式的脚本，包括作者，联系方式，版本，时间，描述等

set ignorecase
set cursorline
set autoindent
set nu
set paste
set et
set tabstop=4
autocmd BufNewFile *.sh exec ":call SetTitle()"
func SetTitle()
        if expand("%:e") == 'sh'
                call setline(1,"#!/bin/bash")
                call setline(2,"#")
                call setline(3,"#******************************************************************************")
                call setline(4,"#Author:                            LinXiaoLong")
                call setline(5,"#Phone:                             18509163451")
                call setline(6,"#Mail:                              18509163451@163.com")
                call setline(7,"#Date:                              ".strftime("%Y-%m-%d"))
                call setline(8,"#FileName:                          ".expand("%"))
                call setline(9,"#******************************************************************************")
                call setline(10,"set -ue")
                call setline(11,"")
                
        endif
endfunc
autocmd BufNewFile * normal G

3、查找/etc目录下大于1M且类型为普通文件的所有文件

⏱ 20:25:17-root:~# find /etc -size +1M -a -type f -exec ls -lh {} \;
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8.2M Sep 22 06:56 /etc/selinux/targeted/policy/policy.31
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 8.8M Dec 13 02:08 /etc/udev/hwdb.bin

4、打包/etc/目录下面所有conf结尾的文件，压缩包名称为当天的时间，并拷贝到/usr/local/src目录备份。

find /etc/ -name "*.conf" | xargs tar czvf `date +%F`.tar.gz && cp -a `date +%F`.tar.gz /usr/local/src
find /etc/ -name "*.conf" | xargs tar czvf `date +%F`.tar.gz;cp -a `date +%F`.tar.gz /usr/local/src
#两种方式均可，第一种方法似乎更好

5、查找当前系统上没有属主或属组，且最近一个周内曾被访问过的文件或目录

⏱ 22:36:13-root:/date# find / \( -nouser -o -nogroup \) -atime -7 -exec stat {} \;
find: ‘/proc/3712/task/3712/fd/9’: No such file or directory
find: ‘/proc/3712/task/3712/fdinfo/9’: No such file or directory
find: ‘/proc/3712/fd/8’: No such file or directory
find: ‘/proc/3712/fdinfo/8’: No such file or directory
  File: /opt/home/mage
  Size: 62          Blocks: 0          IO Block: 4096   directory
Device: fd00h/64768d    Inode: 134859146   Links: 2
Access: (0700/drwx------)  Uid: ( 1007/ UNKNOWN)   Gid: ( 1007/ UNKNOWN)
Access: 2020-12-29 22:08:36.192285090 +0800         #访问时间
Modify: 2020-11-15 18:21:00.000000000 +0800
Change: 2020-12-06 15:03:05.263408864 +0800
 Birth: -
  File: /opt/home/wang
  Size: 62          Blocks: 0          IO Block: 4096   directory
Device: fd00h/64768d    Inode: 201330291   Links: 2
Access: (0700/drwx------)  Uid: ( 1008/ UNKNOWN)   Gid: ( 1008/ UNKNOWN)
Access: 2020-12-29 22:08:36.192285090 +0800     #访问时间
Modify: 2020-11-15 18:21:05.000000000 +0800
Change: 2020-12-06 15:03:05.263408864 +0800
 Birth: -
  File: /opt/home/hc
  Size: 62          Blocks: 0          IO Block: 4096   directory
Device: fd00h/64768d    Inode: 827204      Links: 2
Access: (0700/drwx------)  Uid: ( 1011/ UNKNOWN)   Gid: ( 1011/ UNKNOWN)
Access: 2020-12-29 22:25:21.882249589 +0800    #访问时间
Modify: 2020-12-29 22:25:09.742310375 +0800
Change: 2020-12-29 22:25:09.742310375 +0800
 Birth: -
  File: /opt/home/hc/.bash_logout
  Size: 18          Blocks: 8          IO Block: 4096   regular file
Device: fd00h/64768d    Inode: 827205      Links: 1
Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: ( 1011/ UNKNOWN)   Gid: ( 1011/ UNKNOWN)
Access: 2020-12-29 22:25:07.040323903 +0800     #访问时间
Modify: 2019-11-09 00:21:40.000000000 +0800
Change: 2020-12-06 15:03:05.263408864 +0800
 Birth: -

6、查找/etc目录下至少有一类用户没有执行权限的文件

⏱ 23:54:06-root:/date# find /etc ! -perm /111 -exec ls -l {} \;|more （说实话，题干还是似懂非懂）
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 655 Nov  8 13:09 /etc/fstab
-rw-------. 1 root root 0 Nov  8 13:09 /etc/crypttab
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 266 Dec 29 19:46 /etc/resolv.conf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 80 Nov  8 13:10 /etc/dnf/modules.d/satellite-5-client.module
......