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ncRNA互作文献阅读笔记(一)——Interactions a

2020-11-26  本文已影响0人  咸菜QAQ

本文为文献阅读笔记
文献:Interactions and links among the noncoding RNAs in plants under stresses
期刊:Theoretical and Applied Genetics
doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-020-03690-1
时间:2020.09.16

1.Introduction

1.1 P1 背景介绍

由于植物特有的固着性,使得其只能根据环境的改变而做出改变,病原菌及周围的环境变化导致了植物必须做出一系列的改变从而才能够生存,而这些改变在分子角度就是通过非编码RNA(ncRNA)重新编码胁迫响应基因表达的一系列复杂的分子机制调控。


figure1-植物的特性

1.2 WHAT IS ncRNA?-Functional RNAs

1.2.1 产生

transcribed from the genome with the assistance of RNA polymerase(Pol)(RNA聚合酶辅助转录)

1.2.2 特点

lack coding ability(缺乏编码能力)

1.2.3 类型
figure2-ncRNA的类型
1.2.4 产生过程
figure3-ncRNA的产生过程-Zhou, X., Cui, J., Meng, J. et al. Interactions and links among the noncoding RNAs in plants under stresses. Theor Appl Genet 133, 3235–3248 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-020-03690-1
1.2.4.1 miRNA的产生
figure4-miRNAs的产生

由miRNA genes转录产生pri-miRNA(初级miRNA),pre-miRNA经过蛋白Dicer-like protein1(DCL1)作用分裂产生pre-miRNA(前体miRNA),此时的pre-miRNA包含茎环结构(如figure3所示),pre-miRNA去掉茎环结构后形成miRNA-miRNA*双链,其中一条为指导链,主要发挥作用,另一条为随从链,又叫互补链;随后miRNA-miRNA/*双链解链形成成熟miRNA。

一些pre-miRNA可以产生两个mature RNA,在对应pre-miRNA茎环结构5’和3’序列的mature miRNA名称尾部加上后缀-5p和-3p以示区分,分别表明从前体的5’端臂和3’端臂加工而来的。两个mature miRNA由同一个pre-miRNA产生,且表达量已知,那么将其中表达量低的mature miRNA尾部加上标识:*。
——引用自亚恒的生信学习笔记
相关链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/yahengwang/p/10171087.html

1.2.4.2 siRNA的产生
figure5-siRNAs的产生

siRNA可由两种途径产生,一种由长双链RNA前体产生。另一种直接由RNA依赖RNA聚合酶加工生成。
长双链RNA前体来源有两种:分别是正反义转录本对,还有一个是反向重复序列。这两种序列经过加工生成长双链RNA前体,然后加工成为长双链RNA,最后生成siRNA。

invert repeats(IR,反向重复序列):双链DNA分子中以反向方向重复的短序列,可在相邻或中间序列之后重复

PhasiRNA 初级转录本由Pol II(RNA polymerase II) 转录,随后miRNA (microRNA) 引导AGO 蛋白对phasiRNA 初级转录本上的靶位点进行剪切,剪切后的phasiRNA 前体片段( 剪切位点的上游或下游片段) 继而被RDR6 (RNA-dependent RNA polymerases 6) 复制成双链RNA,双链RNA 被DCL4 切割成一系列首尾相接,具有一定相位的21-nt 或24-nt的小RNA,即phasiRNA。成熟的phasiRNA 与AGO 蛋白组装成沉默复合体,作用于靶基因,发挥转录后调控的功能。
PhasiRNA 在物种进化、植物生长发育、 响应生物和非生物胁迫中都扮演着重要的角色。同时,植物中的phasiRNA 在功能上具有物种特异性,如双子叶植物中的phasiRNA 多参与疾病抵抗,而单子叶植物中的phasiRNA 则多与生殖生长相关。
——引用自“植物phasiRNA研究进展(三)”
相关链接:https://www.sohu.com/a/280120094_769248

figure7-phasiRNA的生成
1.2.4.3 lncRNA的产生

lncRNA是长度大于200nt的ncRNA。其由多种RNA聚合酶转录生成,如Pol II, Pol IV and Pol V。由Pol IV转录的lncRNA通常作为siRNA的前体。 lnc-pri-miRNAs也可以被加工成miRNA(哺乳动物中)。

nt表示单链下的碱基数,1nt即单链上的一个碱基。

1.2.4.4 circRNA的产生

circRNA通常是单链闭合,共价环状的。circRNA两侧的内含子通常相较于线性基因两侧的内含子更长,并具有更少的反向互补序列和重复元件。

2. ncRNA interaction identification——ncRNA互作鉴定

2.1 prediction of ncRNAs and their interactions——ncRNA预测及互作的预测

2.1.1 P1 identification of ncRNAs with computer tools——关于ncRNA鉴定的电脑软件

2.1.2 P2 Databases of identification

2.1.3 P3 Computer tools with predict interacitons——预测ncRNA互作的软件

Database Description Web link References
miRBase A database of miRNAs collected from various species using experimental and computational methods http://www.mirbase.org/ Kozomara and Griffiths-Jones (2014)
PmiRKB Basic information of miRNAs in two model plants, Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa http://bis.zju.edu.cn/pmirkb/ Meng et al. (2011)
PMRD Integrated information of miRNA sequences and their target genes, secondary structures and expression profiles for more than 110 plants http://bioinformatics.cau.edu.cn/PMRD/ Zhang et al. (2010)
GreeNC A repository of lncRNAs annotated in plants and algae http://greenc.sciencedesigners.com Paytuvi Gallart et al. (2016)
NONCODE An integrated knowledge database dedicated to noncoding RNAs (excluding lncRNAs and rRNAs) http://www.noncode.org/index.php Fang et al. (2018)
PNRD A database supporting several kinds of known ncRNAs (lncRNAs, tRNAs, rRNAs, tasiRNAs, snRNAs and snoRNAs) from multiple sources http://structuralbiology.cau.edu.cn/PNRD/index.php Yi et al. (2015)
lncRNAdb A reference database for functional lncRNAs http://lncrnadb.org/ Quek et al. (2015)
CIRI2 A de novo circular RNA identification tool https://sourceforge.net/projects/ciri/files/ Gao et al. (2015)
PcircRNA finder A plant-specific circRNA prediction tool http://ibi.zju.edu.cn/bioinplant/tools/manual.htm Chen et al. (2016a, b)
TAPIR Prediction of miRNA targets, including target mimics http://bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be/webtools/tapir/
psRNATarget An analysis server to discover miRNA target pairs http://plantgrn.noble.org/psRNATarget/ Dai and Zhao (2011)
psRobot Online tool to analyze stem-loop small RNAs and small RNA targets in plants http://omicslab.genetics.ac.cn/psRobot/
TargetFinder Plant small RNA target prediction tool https://github.com/carringtonlab/TargetFinder
psMimic A server to predict plant miRNA endogenous target mimics http://omicslab.genetics.ac.cn/psMimic/
PeTMbase A living database of plant eTMs http://petmbase.org/ Karakulah et al. (2016)
spongeScan A web tool designed to identify and visualize lncRNAs acting as putative miRNA sponges http://spongescan.rc.ufl.edu/
PmliPred Plant miRNA–lncRNA interaction prediction http://bis.zju.edu.cn/PmliPred/ Kang et al. (2020)
PlantcircBase An online program to predict circRNAs putatively acting as miRNA sponges and their potential circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks in plants http://ibi.zju.edu.cn/plantcircbase/ Chu et al. (2017)
Tools4miRs Tools for the prediction and validation of novel miRNAs or miRNA precursors https://tools4mirs.org/software/precursor_prediction/

2.2 Validation methods of ncRNA interactions——ncRNA互作的验证

未完待续.......

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