Kotlin学习kotlin

Android Kotlin(9)之《空安全》

2021-04-07  本文已影响0人  小强彬

Android Kotlin第九篇 空安全。Kotlin系列源码在源码下载这里下载。有好久没有更新文章了,去年年底换了工作,工作生活说多了都是泪,一个坑比一个坑深。后续有时间可以分享些kotlin写的一些封装封装。

Kotlin 的类型系统旨在消除来自代码空引用的危险,也称为《十亿美元的错误》

一、调度线程

在前面我们经常用到“CommonPool”共享的线程池,那么除了共享的线程池以为还有哪些呢,如下:

fun test21() = runBlocking<Unit> {
        val jobs = arrayListOf<Job>()
        jobs += launch(Unconfined) { // not confined -- will work with main thread
            log("      'Unconfined': I'm working in thread ${Thread.currentThread().name}")
        }
        jobs += launch(coroutineContext) { // context of the parent, runBlocking coroutine
            log("'coroutineContext': I'm working in thread ${Thread.currentThread().name}")
        }
        jobs += launch(CommonPool) { // will get dispatched to ForkJoinPool.commonPool (or equivalent)
            log("      'CommonPool': I'm working in thread ${Thread.currentThread().name}")
        }
        jobs += launch(newSingleThreadContext("MyOwnThread")) { // will get its own new thread
            log("          'newSTC': I'm working in thread ${Thread.currentThread().name}")
        }
        jobs.forEach { it.join() }
    }

二、Channels(通道)

Channels,它不是一个阻止放操作,而是一个挂起发送,而不是一个阻塞操作,它有一个暂停接收。可用于线程间传递数据。
我们先来看一个简单的示例:

fun test22() = runBlocking<Unit> {
        //定义一个通道
        val channel = Channel<Int>()
        launch(CommonPool) {
            for (x in 1..5) {
                delay(1000L)
                //在这里发送
                channel.send(x * x)
            }
        }
        repeat(5) {
            //在这里接收
            log(channel.receive().toString())
        }
        log("Done!")
    }

输出:

08-10 14:48:52.452 10568-10568/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: 1
08-10 14:48:53.452 10568-10568/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: 4
08-10 14:48:54.452 10568-10568/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: 9
08-10 14:48:55.452 10568-10568/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: 16
08-10 14:48:56.462 10568-10568/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: 25
08-10 14:48:56.462 10568-10568/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: Done!
08-10 14:48:56.462 10568-10568/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: 结束

1、关闭通道

假设发送的时候,遇到特殊情况,不在发生了,要关闭通道,怎么做呢,例如:

fun test23() = runBlocking<Unit> {
        //定义一个通道
        val channel = Channel<Int>()
        launch(CommonPool) {
            for (x in 1..5) {
                delay(1000L)
                //在这里发送
                channel.send(x * x)
                if(x == 4){
                    log("关闭通道")
                    channel.close()
                }
            }
        }
        repeat(5) {
            //在这里接收
            try {
                var a = channel.receive()
                log(a.toString())
            }catch (e: ClosedReceiveChannelException){
                log("关闭通道报出异常ClosedReceiveChannelException")
            }
            log("等待接收")
        }
        log("Done!")
    }

注意:我实际测试的时候发现,如果不抛出ClosedReceiveChannelException异常,那么会导致程序直接奔溃,所有这里你只需要在接收方抛出异常即可
我们也可把通道写成方法,实际测试发现方法里结束通道时在接收方可以不写抛出异常,例如:

fun produceSquares() = produce<Int>(CommonPool) {
        for (x in 1..5) {
            delay(1000L)
            send(x * x)
            if (x == 4){
                channel.close()
            }
        }
    }
    fun test24() = runBlocking<Unit> {
        val squares = produceSquares()
        squares.consumeEach { log(it.toString()) }
        log("Done!")
    }

2、Pipelines

在这里我理解为管道运输,也就是说上面produce生成通道是可以两个链接起来,每块做不同的工作,然后输出,例如:

fun produceSquares1() = produce<Int>(CommonPool) {
        for (x in 1..5) {
            delay(1000L)//这里延迟就失效了,具体原因不清楚为啥会失效
            send(x)
        }
    }
    fun produceSquares2(numbers: ReceiveChannel<Int>) = produce<Int>(CommonPool) {
        for (x in 1..5) {
            delay(1000L)
            send((x * x)+1)
        }
    }
    fun test25() = runBlocking<Unit> {
        //始发地
        val numbers = produceSquares1()
        //通道二次加工
        val squares = produceSquares2(numbers)
        //最后输出
        squares.consumeEach { log(it.toString()) }
        log("Done!")
        //关闭通道,回收
        numbers.cancel()
        squares.cancel()
    }

输出:

08-10 14:56:31.742 19083-19083/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: 2
08-10 14:56:32.742 19083-19083/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: 5
08-10 14:56:33.742 19083-19083/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: 10
08-10 14:56:34.742 19083-19083/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: 17
08-10 14:56:35.752 19083-19083/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: 26
08-10 14:56:35.752 19083-19083/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: Done!
08-10 14:56:35.752 19083-19083/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: 结束

3、Fan-out

多个coroutines 可以从一个通道接收,例如:

fun produceNumbers() = produce<Int>(CommonPool) {
        var a = 1
        while (true){
            delay(100L)
            send(a++)
        }
    }
    fun launchProcessor(id: Int, channel: ReceiveChannel<Int>) = launch(CommonPool) {
        channel.consumeEach {
            log("launch#$id:收到: $it")
        }
    }
    fun test26() = runBlocking<Unit> {
        val producer = produceNumbers()
        repeat(5) { launchProcessor(it, producer) }
        delay(950)
        producer.cancel() // cancel producer coroutine and thus kill them all
    }

输出:

08-10 15:01:07.228 24523-24563/? I/test: launch#0:收到: 1
08-10 15:01:07.338 24523-24563/? I/test: launch#1:收到: 2
08-10 15:01:07.438 24523-24562/? I/test: launch#2:收到: 3
08-10 15:01:07.538 24523-24563/? I/test: launch#4:收到: 4
08-10 15:01:07.638 24523-24562/? I/test: launch#3:收到: 5
08-10 15:01:07.738 24523-24563/? I/test: launch#0:收到: 6
08-10 15:01:07.838 24523-24563/? I/test: launch#1:收到: 7
08-10 15:01:07.938 24523-24562/? I/test: launch#2:收到: 8
08-10 15:01:08.038 24523-24563/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: launch#4:收到: 9
08-10 15:01:08.088 24523-24523/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: 结束

4、Fan-in

多个coroutines 可以发送到一个通道,例如

suspend fun sendString(channel: SendChannel<String>, s: String, time: Long) {
        while (true) {
            delay(time)
            channel.send(s)
        }
    }
    fun test27() = runBlocking<Unit> {
        val channel = Channel<String>()
        //这里两个launch间隔着向通道发送数据
        launch(coroutineContext) { sendString(channel, "foo", 200L) }
        launch(coroutineContext) { sendString(channel, "BAR!", 500L) }
        repeat(6) {
            //循环接收数据
            log(channel.receive())
        }
    }

输出:

08-10 14:58:46.088 21748-21748/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: foo
08-10 14:58:46.288 21748-21748/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: foo
08-10 14:58:46.388 21748-21748/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: BAR!
08-10 14:58:46.488 21748-21748/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: foo
08-10 14:58:46.688 21748-21748/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: foo
08-10 14:58:46.888 21748-21748/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: BAR!
08-10 14:58:46.888 21748-21748/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: 结束

5、通道缓冲区

到目前为止所显示的通道没有缓冲区。当发送方和接收方相遇(又称会合)时,未缓冲通道传输元素。如果首先调用send,那么它将被挂起,直到被调用接收,如果首先调用接收,它将暂停,直到调用send。例如:

fun test28() = runBlocking<Unit> {
        //创建缓冲区大小为4的通道
        val channel = Channel<Int>(2)
        launch(CommonPool) {
            repeat(5) {
                log("Sending $it")
                channel.send(it) //当通道缓冲区满的时候挂起,直到下方接收的时候在继续
                delay(100L)
            }
        }
        delay(3000)
        log("开始接收")
        launch(CommonPool) {
            repeat(5) {
                val a= channel.receive()//开始接收通道缓冲区里数据,上方发送被激活,继续发送
                log("Receive $a")
            }
        }
    }

输出:

08-10 18:29:07.920 21685-21744/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: Sending 0
08-10 18:29:08.020 21685-21744/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: Sending 1
08-10 18:29:08.130 21685-21744/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: Sending 2
08-10 18:29:10.920 21685-21685/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: 开始接收
08-10 18:29:10.920 21685-21685/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: 结束
08-10 18:29:10.920 21685-21744/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: Receive 0
08-10 18:29:10.920 21685-21744/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: Receive 1
08-10 18:29:10.920 21685-21744/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: Receive 2
08-10 18:29:11.030 21685-21744/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: Sending 3
08-10 18:29:11.030 21685-21745/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: Receive 3
08-10 18:29:11.130 21685-21744/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: Sending 4
08-10 18:29:11.130 21685-21745/com.xiaoqiang.kotlin I/test: Receive 4

如果我有未写好的地方,欢迎大家提出意见,谢谢大家的观赏!

全套源码下载这里源码会随着后面发布的Kotlin逐渐完善

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