四种json c parser的兼容性比较及cJSON

2015-04-14 本文已影响1069人 Jabari

最近一个移动终端项目的服务器和客户端之间用到了json 来交换数据。

json是一种类似于xml的描述性语言，不过相对于xml来说，json这种格式比较简洁，可以降低服务器和客户端之间的流量。它的格式类似于：

    {
      "this": "is",
      "really": "simple",
      "json": "right?"
    }

在json的网站一共有四种C parser，解析json格式我不知道哪种比较实用，花了点时间测试了一下兼容性（我比较关注，性能应该差不多）。现在把结果贴出来供大家参考。

测试的文件从yajl里的cases获取

yajl0.4.0
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/array.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/codepoints_from_unicode_org.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/dc_simple_with_comments.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/deep_arrays.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/difficult_json_c_test_case.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/difficult_json_c_test_case_with_comments.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/doubles.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/empty_array.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/escaped_bulgarian.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/escaped_foobar.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/isolated_surrogate_marker.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/nulls_and_bools.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/simple.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/simple_with_comments.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/string_with_escapes.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/unescaped_bulgarian.json
    total: 54
    pass: 16
    fail: 38

jsonc0.7
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/array.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/codepoints_from_unicode_org.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/difficult_json_c_test_case.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/difficult_json_c_test_case_with_comments.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/doubles.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/empty_array.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/escaped_bulgarian.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/escaped_foobar.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/integers.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/invalid_utf8.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/isolated_surrogate_marker.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/leading_zero_in_number.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/missing_integer_after_decimal_point.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/missing_integer_after_exponent.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/non_utf8_char_in_string.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/nulls_and_bools.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/simple.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/string_with_invalid_newline.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/unescaped_bulgarian.json
    total: 54
    pass: 19
    fail: 35

mjson
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/array.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/deep_arrays.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/difficult_json_c_test_case.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/doubles.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/empty_array.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/escaped_bulgarian.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/integers.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/invalid_utf8.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/non_utf8_char_in_string.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/nulls_and_bools.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/simple.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/unescaped_bulgarian.json
    total: 54
    pass: 12
    fail: 42

json_parser
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/array.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/difficult_json_c_test_case.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/doubles.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/empty_array.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/escaped_bulgarian.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/integers.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/invalid_utf8.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/non_utf8_char_in_string.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/nulls_and_bools.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/simple.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/string_with_escapes.json
    [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/unescaped_bulgarian.json
    total: 54
    pass: 12
    fail: 42

结果分析：

从各个通过的文件数量看， jsonc兼容性是最好的，把结果都放到tmp.txt，执行

    [lyb@localhost jsonparser]$  cat tmp.txt |  sort |  uniq c |  sort r
          4 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/unescaped_bulgarian.json
          4 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/simple.json
          4 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/nulls_and_bools.json
          4 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/escaped_bulgarian.json
          4 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/empty_array.json
          4 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/doubles.json
          4 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/difficult_json_c_test_case.json
          4 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/array.json
          3 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/non_utf8_char_in_string.json
         3 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/invalid_utf8.json
         3 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/integers.json
         2 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/string_with_escapes.json
         2 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/isolated_surrogate_marker.json
         2 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/escaped_foobar.json
         2 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/difficult_json_c_test_case_with_comments.json
         2 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/deep_arrays.json
         2 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/codepoints_from_unicode_org.json
         1 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/string_with_invalid_newline.json
         1 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/simple_with_comments.json
         1 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/missing_integer_after_exponent.json
         1 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/missing_integer_after_decimal_point.json
         1 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/leading_zero_in_number.json
         1 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/dc_simple_with_comments.json

有8个文件都通过了4个parser的测试。

          4 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/unescaped_bulgarian.json
          4 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/simple.json
          4 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/nulls_and_bools.json
          4 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/escaped_bulgarian.json
          4 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/empty_array.json
          4 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/doubles.json
          4 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/difficult_json_c_test_case.json
          4 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/array.json

jsonc0.7，mjson， jsonparser 都通过了下面3个文件的测试

          3 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/non_utf8_char_in_string.json
          3 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/invalid_utf8.json
          3 [PASS] /home/lyb/cases/integers.json

可以看出yajl0.4.0的非utf8支持不如其它3个

四个模块的一些特点：

mjson和jsonparser只有一两个文件，适合放到单个模块里用
jsonc采用autoconf，适合库形式
yajl采用cmake，测试做的比较好
mjson和yajl都支持sax事件解析方法

~ END ~

cJSON是C语言中的一个JSON编解码器，非常轻量级，C文件只有500多行，速度也非常理想。项目主页：cJSON | http://sourceforge.net/projects/cjson/

cJSON也存在几个弱点：

不支持[1,2,3,]和{"one":1,}最后多余的那个逗号。这是C语言就开始支持的，JSON RFC文档中没有对此说明，只能说这是扩展功能吧。
不支持/注释/，和//单行注释。这也是扩展功能。C/C++/JAVA/JavaScript都支持注释，所以我也希望在json文件中写点注释。
使用了个全局变量指示出错位置。这个在多线程时就有问题啦。
没有封装文件操作，用户需要自己读写文件。

虽然功能不是非常强大（上面124都是非常容易添加少数几行代码都可以支持的），但cJSON的小身板和速度是最值得赞赏的。其代码被非常好地维护着，结构也简单易懂，可以作为一个非常好的C语言项目进行学习（支持上面12两个功能可以作为学习后的作业）。其解析核心是通过递归函数完成的，不过放心它的每个函数都非常非常节省资源。

jsonc是另外一个C语言项目，提供了所有的功能，甚至支持单引号字符串，但是结构较之cJSON更为复杂。解析字符串的核心函数没有使用递归实现，最多支持32层数组或对象嵌套（用到这么多层的JSON对象该有多复杂啊？？？），解析时使用了一堆状态在跳来跳去，加上层级跳转，阅读时容易发晕。

jsonc项目主页：jehiah/jsonc GitHub https://github.com/jehiah/jsonc

四种json c parser的兼容性比较及cJSON

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