Android Annotation 注解框架
一、Annotation简单介绍
AndroidAnnotations是一个能够让你快速进行Android开发的注释、注解开源框架。使代码更加精简,使项目更加容易维护,与相比原生的Android开发,能够让你少些很多代码。原理是给某个东西打上一个身份标识,告诉ide说,这个东西是要进行id绑定的,那个东西是参数来着。。。
官网如下:官网
Annotation的主要完成的工作如下
1、使用依赖注入(Dependency Injection)
2、简化的线程模型(Simplified threading model)
3、事件绑定(Event binding)
4、REST Client
Paste_Image.png5、No Magic
二、相关专有名词解释
1. 元数据(metadata)
元数据由metadata译来,所谓的元数据就是“关于数据的数据”,更通俗的说就是描述数据的数据,对数据及信息资源的描述性信息.比如说一个文本文件,有创建时间,创建人,文件大小等数据,这都可以理解为是元数据。
在java中,元数据以标签的形式存在java代码中,它的存在并不影响程序代码的编译和执行,通常它被用来生成其它的文件或运行时知道被运行代码的描述信息。java当中的javadoc和注解都属于元数据。
2 元注解
元注解就是定义注解的注解,是java提供给我们用于定义注解的基本注解.在java.lang.annotation包中我们可以看到目前元注解共有以下几个。
@Retention
@Target
@Inherited
@Documented
@interface
3. 注解处理器
注解处理器是javac的一个工具,它用来在编译时扫描和处理注解(Annotation)。你可以自定义注解,并注册到相应的注解处理器,由注解处理器来处理你的注解。一个注解的注解处理器,以Java代码(或者编译过的字节码)作为输入,生成文件(通常是.java文件)作为输出。这些生成的Java代码是在生成的.java文件中,所以你不能修改已经存在的Java类,例如向已有的类中添加方法。这些生成的Java文件,会同其他普通的手动编写的Java源代码一样被javac编译。
三、Annotation相关方法
Annotation支持事件的绑定,其中包括对UI控件的声明,对Activity之间,Fragment之间参数的声明,对于一些数值进行非空的声明等等。
(一)UI的绑定以及事件绑定
(二)简化线程
在Android中,为了不阻塞主进程,所以所有的耗时操作是不予许在UI线程进行的,不然就会Crash。但是在开发当中却是需要大量的时候耗时操作的,例如对磁盘的读写操作,进行网络的请求,对于图片的操作等等,同时往往在进行这样的耗时操作的时候又会伴随的必须、只能在UI线程进行的操作。例如取回网络数据,进行解析之后要更新UI界面。这样来回的切换会造成开发的不变以及大量的代码冗余。尽管java已经有成熟的thread以及比较方便的AnsyncTask。但是所有的都不如一个注释方便。
(三)对于网络请求的操作
在Annotation中,我们可以把所有网络有关的操作集中成一个工具类:
get、post、put、delete等操作。
@EActivity
值得注意的是,Annotation的工作方式是经过编译之后,生成一个类名相同而且带有_的文件,例如LoginActivity会变成LoginActivity_,因此在Manifest中声明Activity的时候是必须带有_的,不然会报错。
-------------------------带layout-------------------------
@EActivity(R.layout.main)
public class MyActivity extends Activity {
}
-------------------------不带layout-------------------------
@EActivity
public class MyActivity extends Activity {
@Bean
MyOtherClass myOtherClass;
}
@fragment
@EFragment(R.layout.my_fragment_layout)
public class MyFragment extends Fragment {
}
-------------------------XML注册-------------------------
<fragment
android:id="@+id/myFragment"
android:name="com.company.MyFragment_"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent" />
-------------------------创建-------------------------
MyFragment fragment = new MyFragment_();
@Bean
-------------------------普通类-------------------------
@EBean
public class MyClass {
//注意:这个类必须仅仅只能有一个构造函数,参数最多有一个context。
}
-------------------------普通类注入根环境-------------------------
@EBean
public class MyClass {
@RootContext
Context context;
// Only injected if the root context is an activity
@RootContext
Activity activity;
// Only injected if the root context is a service
@RootContext
Service service;
// Only injected if the root context is an instance of MyActivity
@RootContext
MyActivity myActivity;
}
-------------------单例类需要如下声明----------------
@EBean(scope = Scope.Singleton)
public class MySingleton {
//注意:在单例类里面不可以注入view和事件绑定,因为单例的生命周期比Activity和Service的要长,以免发生内存溢出。
}
-------------------------接口-------------------------
@Bean(MyImplementation.class)
MyInterface myInterface;
@AfterInject
@AfterInject
public void doSomethingAfterInjection() {
// notificationManager and dependency are set
//类创建时期做一些操作
}
@EView
@EView
public class CustomButton extends Button {
@App
MyApplication application;
@StringRes
String someStringResource;
public CustomButton(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
}
}
----------------------------注册------------------------------
<com.androidannotations.view.CustomButton_
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
----------------------------创建------------------------------
CustomButton button = CustomButton_.build(context);
@EViewGroup
@EViewGroup(R.layout.title_with_subtitle)
public class TitleWithSubtitle extends RelativeLayout {
@ViewById
protected TextView title, subtitle;
public TitleWithSubtitle(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
}
public void setTexts(String titleText, String subTitleText) {
title.setText(titleText);
subtitle.setText(subTitleText);
}
}
-----------------------注册----------------------
<com.androidannotations.viewgroup.TitleWithSubtitle_
android:id="@+id/firstTitle"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
@EApplication
@EApplication
public class MyApplication extends Application {
}
-----------------------Activity中使用----------------------
@EActivity
public class MyActivity extends Activity {
@App
MyApplication application;
}
@EService
@EService
public class MyService extends Service {
}
-------------------------跳转service--------------------------
MyService_.intent(getApplication()).start();
-------------------------停止service--------------------------
MyService_.intent(getApplication()).stop();
@EReceiver
@EReceiver
public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
}
@Receiver
@EActivity
public class MyActivity extends Activity {
@Receiver(actions = "org.androidannotations.ACTION_1")
protected void onAction1() {
//可以替代声明BroadcastReceiver
}
}
@EProvider
@EProvider
public class MyContentProvider extends ContentProvider {
}
@ViewById
@EActivity
public class MyActivity extends Activity {
// Injects R.id.myEditText,变量名称必须和布局的id名称一致
@ViewById
EditText myEditText;
@ViewById(R.id.myTextView)
TextView textView;
}
@AfterViews
@EActivity(R.layout.main)
public class MyActivity extends Activity {
@ViewById
TextView myTextView;
@AfterViews
void updateTextWithDate() {
//一定要在这里进行view的一些设置,不要在oncreate()中设置,因为oncreate()在执行时 view还没有注入
myTextView.setText("Date: " + new Date()); }[...]
@StringRes
@EActivity
public class MyActivity extends Activity {
@StringRes(R.string.hello)
String myHelloString;//不能设置成私有变量
@StringRes
String hello;
}
@ColorRes
@EActivity
public class MyActivity extends Activity {
@ColorRes(R.color.backgroundColor)
int someColor;
@ColorRes
int backgroundColor;
}
@AnimationRes
@EActivity
public class MyActivity extends Activity {
@AnimationRes(R.anim.fadein)
XmlResourceParser xmlResAnim;
@AnimationRes
Animation fadein;
}
@DimensionRes
@EActivity
public class MyActivity extends Activity {
@DimensionRes(R.dimen.fontsize)
float fontSizeDimension;
@DimensionRes
float fontsize;
}
@DImensionPixelOffsetRes
@EActivity
public class MyActivity extends Activity {
@DimensionPixelOffsetRes(R.string.fontsize)
int fontSizeDimension;
@DimensionPixelOffsetRes
int fontsize;
}
@DimensionPixelSizeRes
@EActivity
public class MyActivity extends Activity {
@DimensionPixelOffsetRes(R.string.fontsize)
int fontSizeDimension;
@DimensionPixelOffsetRes
int fontsize;
}
@DimensionPixelSizeRes
@EActivity
public class MyActivity extends Activity {
@DimensionPixelSizeRes(R.string.fontsize)
int fontSizeDimension;
@DimensionPixelSizeRes
int fontsize;
}
其他的Res
@BooleanRes
@ColorStateListRes
@DrawableRes
@IntArrayRes
@IntegerRes
@LayoutRes
@MovieRes
@TextRes
@TextArrayRes
@StringArrayRes
@Extra
-----------------------方式一---------------------------
@EActivity
public class MyActivity extends Activity {
@Extra("myStringExtra")
String myMessage;
@Extra("myDateExtra")
Date myDateExtraWithDefaultValue = new Date();
}
-----------------------方式二---------------------------
@EActivity
public class MyActivity extends Activity {
// The name of the extra will be "myMessage",名字必须一致
@Extra
String myMessage;
}
-----------------------传值---------------------------
MyActivity_.intent().myMessage("hello").start() ;
@SystemService
@EActivity
public class MyActivity extends Activity {//
@SystemService
NotificationManager notificationManager;
}
@HtmlRes
@EActivity
public class MyActivity extends Activity {
// Injects R.string.hello_html
@HtmlRes(R.string.hello_html)
Spanned myHelloString;
// Also injects R.string.hello_html
@HtmlRes
CharSequence helloHtml;
}
FromHtml
@EActivity
public class MyActivity extends Activity {//必须用在TextView
@ViewById(R.id.my_text_view)
@FromHtml(R.string.hello_html)
TextView textView;
// Injects R.string.hello_html into the R.id.hello_html view
@ViewById
@FromHtml
TextView helloHtml;
}
@NonConfigurationInstance
public class MyActivity extends Activity {
//等同于 Activity.onRetainNonConfigurationInstance()
//http://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/Activity.html#onRetainNonConfigurationInstance())
@NonConfigurationInstance Bitmap someBitmap;
@NonConfigurationInstance
@Bean MyBackgroundTask myBackgroundTask;
}
@HttpsClient
@HttpsClient
HttpClient httpsClient;
-------------------------示例----------------------------
@EActivity
public class MyActivity extends Activity {
@HttpsClient(trustStore=R.raw.cacerts, trustStorePwd="changeit",hostnameVerif=true)
HttpClient httpsClient;
@AfterInject
@Background
public void securedRequest() {
try {
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://www.verisign.com/");
HttpResponse response = httpsClient.execute(httpget);
doSomethingWithResponse(response);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@UiThread
public void doSomethingWithResponse(HttpResponse resp) {
LogUtils("HTTP status " + resp.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());
}
}
@FragmentArg
@EFragment
public class MyFragment extends Fragment {//等同于 Fragment Argument
@FragmentArg("myStringArgument")
String myMessage;
@FragmentArg
String anotherStringArgument;
@FragmentArg("myDateExtra")
Date myDateArgumentWithDefaultValue = new Date();
}
-------------------------------------------------
MyFragment myFragment = MyFragment_.builder()
.myMessage("Hello")
.anotherStringArgument("World")
.build();
@Click
@Click(R.id.myButton)
void myButtonWasClicked() {
[...]
}
@Click
void anotherButton() {//如果不指定则函数名和id对应
[...]
}
@Click
void yetAnotherButton(View clickedView) {
[...]
}
其他点击事件
Item clicks with @ItemClick
Long item clicks with @ItemLongClick
Item selection with @ItemSelect
Clicks with @Click
Long clicks with @LongClick
Touches with @Touch
@EActivity(R.layout.my_list)
public class MyListActivity extends Activity {
// ...
@ItemClick
public void myListItemClicked(MyItem clickedItem) {
//MyItem是adapter的实体类,等同于adapter.getItem(position)
}
@ItemLongClick
public void myListItemLongClicked(MyItem clickedItem) {
}
@ItemSelect
public void myListItemSelected(boolean selected, MyItem selectedItem) {
}
}
--------------------------------------------
@EActivity(R.layout.my_list)
public class MyListActivity extends Activity {
// ...
@ItemClick
public void myListItemClicked(int position) {//位置id
}
@ItemLongClick
public void myListItemLongClicked(int position) {
}
@ItemSelect
public void myListItemSelected(boolean selected, int position) {
}
}
@SeekBarProgressChange
//等同于SeekBar.OnSeekBarChangeListener.onProgressChanged(SeekBar, int, boolean)
@SeekBarProgressChange(R.id.seekBar)
void onProgressChangeOnSeekBar(SeekBar seekBar, int progress, boolean fromUser) {
// Something Here
}
@SeekBarProgressChange(R.id.seekBar)
void onProgressChangeOnSeekBar(SeekBar seekBar, int progress) {
// Something Here
}
@SeekBarProgressChange({R.id.seekBar1, R.id.seekBar2})
void onProgressChangeOnSeekBar(SeekBar seekBar) {
// Something Here
}
@SeekBarProgressChange({R.id.seekBar1, R.id.seekBar2})
void onProgressChangeOnSeekBar() {
// Something Here
}
@SeekBarTouchStart 和 @SeekBarTouchStop
//接受开始和结束事件的监听
@TextChange
@TextChange(R.id.helloTextView)
void onTextChangesOnHelloTextView(CharSequence text, TextView hello,
int before, int start, int count) {
// Something Here
}
@TextChange
void helloTextViewTextChanged(TextView hello) {
// Something Here
}
@TextChange({R.id.editText, R.id.helloTextView})
void onTextChangesOnSomeTextViews(TextView tv, CharSequence text) {
// Something Here
}
@TextChange(R.id.helloTextView)
void onTextChangesOnHelloTextView() {
// Something Here
}
@BeforeTextChange @AfterTextChange
@BeforeTextChange(R.id.helloTextView)
void beforeTextChangedOnHelloTextView(TextView hello, CharSequence text, int start, int count, int after) {
// Something Here
}
@BeforeTextChange
void helloTextViewBeforeTextChanged(TextView hello) {
// Something Here
}
@BeforeTextChange({R.id.editText, R.id.helloTextView})
void beforeTextChangedOnSomeTextViews(TextView tv, CharSequence text) {
// Something Here
}
@BeforeTextChange(R.id.helloTextView)
void beforeTextChangedOnHelloTextView() {
// Something Here
}
@OptionsMenu和OptionsItem
@EActivity
@OptionsMenu(R.menu.my_menu)
public class MyActivity extends Activity {
@OptionMenuItem
MenuItem menuSearch;
@OptionsItem(R.id.menuShare)
void myMethod() {
// You can specify the ID in the annotation, or use the naming convention
}
@OptionsItem
void homeSelected() {
// home was selected in the action bar
// The "Selected" keyword is optional
}
@OptionsItem
boolean menuSearch() {
menuSearch.setVisible(false);
// menuSearch was selected
// the return type may be void or boolean (false to allow normal menu processing to proceed, true to consume it here)
return true;
}
@OptionsItem({ R.id.menu_search, R.id.menu_delete })
void multipleMenuItems() {
// You can specify multiple menu item IDs in @OptionsItem
}
@OptionsItem
void menu_add(MenuItem item) {
// You can add a MenuItem parameter to access it
}
}
---------------------------------------------
@EActivity
@OptionsMenu({R.menu.my_menu1, R.menu.my_menu2})
public class MyActivity extends Activity {
}
@Background
--------------执行--------------
void myMethod() {
someBackgroundWork("hello", 42);
}
@Background
void someBackgroundWork(String aParam, long anotherParam) {
[...]
}
----------------取消---------------
void myMethod() {
someCancellableBackground("hello", 42);
[...]
boolean mayInterruptIfRunning = true;
BackgroundExecutor.cancelAll("cancellable_task", mayInterruptIfRunning);
}
@Background(id="cancellable_task")
void someCancellableBackground(String aParam, long anotherParam) {
[...]
}
---------------非并发执行-------------
void myMethod() {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
someSequentialBackgroundMethod(i);
}
@Background(serial = "test")
void someSequentialBackgroundMethod(int i) {
SystemClock.sleep(new Random().nextInt(2000)+1000);
Log.d("AA", "value : " + i);
}
-------------------延迟------------------
@Background(delay=2000)
void doInBackgroundAfterTwoSeconds() {
}
@UiThread
@Backgroud
void toDoSomeHeavyWork(){
//进行一些耗时的操作
setView();//需要进行UI操作的时候
}
@UIThread
void setView(){
//进行一些只能在UI主线程上进行的操作
}
---------------UI线程--------------
void myMethod() {
doInUiThread("hello", 42);
}
@UiThread
void doInUiThread(String aParam, long anotherParam) {
[...]
}
------------------延迟-------------------
@UiThread(delay=2000)
void doInUiThreadAfterTwoSeconds() {
}
-----------------优化UI线程--------------
@UiThread(propagation = Propagation.REUSE)
void runInSameThreadIfOnUiThread() {
}
----------------------进度值改变--------------------
@EActivity
public class MyActivity extends Activity {
@Background
void doSomeStuffInBackground() {
publishProgress(0);
// Do some stuff
publishProgress(10);
// Do some stuff
publishProgress(100);
}
@UiThread
void publishProgress(int progress) {
// Update progress views
}
}
@OnActivityResult
@OnActivityResult(REQUEST_CODE)
void onResult(int resultCode, Intent data) {
}
@OnActivityResult(REQUEST_CODE)
void onResult(int resultCode) {
}
@OnActivityResult(ANOTHER_REQUEST_CODE)
void onResult(Intent data) {
}
@OnActivityResult(ANOTHER_REQUEST_CODE)
void onResult() {
}
四、关于RetentionPolicy
** CLASS:** 编译时注解
** RUNTIME:** 运行时注解
** SOURCE:** 源码注解
不同的注解有各自的生命周期,根据你实际使用来确定使用哪种类型的注解。
五、@Target ( 目标)
用于指定被修饰的Annotation能用于修饰哪些程序单元,只能修饰Annotation定义。它包含一个名为value的成员变量,取值如下:
@Target(ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE):指定该该策略的Annotation只能修饰Annotation.
@Target(ElementType.TYPE) //接口、类、枚举、注解
@Target(ElementType.FIELD) //成员变量(字段、枚举的常量)
@Target(ElementType.METHOD) //方法
@Target(ElementType.PARAMETER) //方法参数
@Target(ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR) //构造函数
@Target(ElementType.LOCAL_VARIABLE)//局部变量
@Target(ElementType.PACKAGE) ///修饰包定义
@Target(ElementType.TYPE_PARAMETER) //java8新增,后面Type Annotation有介绍
@Target(ElementType.TYPE_USE) ///java8新增,后面Type Annotation有介绍
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
public @interface ActionListenerFor{}
六、@Documented
用于指定被修饰的Annotation将被javadoc工具提取成文档。即说明该注解将被包含在javadoc中。
七、@Inherited
用于指定被修饰的Annotation具有继承性。即子类可以继承父类中的该注解。---》注解@WW被元注解@Inherited修饰,把@WW添加在类Base上,则Base的所有子类也将默认使用@WW注解。