【英语研读】Singapore has almost wiped

Chinese Singaporean 新加坡华裔

Hokkien 闽南语

Ethnicity 种族

Tamil [ˈtæmɪl] 泰米尔语（泰米尔语，属达罗毗荼语系南部语族，是达罗毗荼语系中最重要的语言，印度宪法承认的语言之一。）

Ballast n. Ballastis any substance that is used in ships or hot-air balloons to make them heavierand more stable. Ballast usually consists of water, sand, or iron.

  -Cultural ballast 文化积淀

vis-à-vis[ˌvi:z ɑ: ˈvi:]: in relation to 关于

As sb. puts it, 正如某人所言

In the case of sth. 就……而言

Mandarin 普通话

Plains n. a large area of flat land 平原

be descended from sb.: to be related to sb who lived a long time ago 是某人的后裔

hail from…: to come from or have been born in a particular place 来自；出生于

Hakka [ˈhækə] 客家语

Teochew 潮州语

seek-sought

demean 贬低

unintelligible [ˌʌnɪnˈtelɪdʒəbl] a. impossible to understand 难以理解的；难懂的

discredit [dɪsˈkredɪt] v. to make people stop believing that sth is true; to make sth appear unlikely to be true 使不相信；使怀疑

hog [hɒg] v. to use or keep most of sth yourself and stop others from using or having it 多占；独占

chunks of 大块的

tidier ['taɪdɪə(r)] 大一统者

forge v. If you say that a person has forged something that you approve of, you mean that you admire them for having done something difficult. 创造;开创

  -forge a single Chinese identity 建立一个单一的华人身份认同

foist [fɔɪst]

  -foist sb/sth on/upon sb：to force sb to accept sb/sth that they do not want 强迫接受；把…强加于