学R记1：R、RStudio安装和 R Profile的配置

以下为跟随czx大神学习R语言时所做的笔记

1.安装R

Windows 系统：
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/CRAN/bin/windows/base/R-3.6.2-win.exe

下载好后进行安装即可。

2.安装Rtools

Tools to build R and R packages. This is what you want to build your own packages on Windows, or to build R itself.
Windows 系统：
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/CRAN/bin/windows/Rtools/Rtools35.exe

3.安装RStudio

RStudio是R的IDE（集成开发环境）https://rstudio.com/products/rstudio/download/#download

注意：一定要先安装 R 再安装 RStudio！

4.安装一些常用的R包

# 安装 devtools
install.packages("devtools") 
# tidyverse 系列的 R 包
install.packages('tidyverse', dependencies = TRUE)
# 安装 tinytex
install.packages("tinytex", dependencies = TRUE)
# 安装完成之后运行
tinytex::install_tinytex()
# 安装一些 RMarkdown 模板
install.packages("rticles", dependencies = TRUE)
install.packages("xaringan", dependencies = TRUE)

devtools可以使得我们能安装基于Git的包，因为有很多不错的包并没有发布在CRAN上，而是开源发布到Github。

# 安装 Shiny
install.packages("shiny", dependencies = TRUE)

# 安装czx大神写得一些 R 包
install.packages("hwordcloud", dependencies = TRUE)
install.packages("hchinamap", dependencies = TRUE)
install.packages("hpackedbubble", dependencies = TRUE)
install.packages("sankeywheel", dependencies = TRUE)

# 安装最近用到的一些 R 包
install.packages("sf", dependencies = TRUE)
install.packages("prettydoc", dependencies = TRUE)
install.packages("hrbrthemes", dependencies = TRUE)
install.packages("tmap", dependencies = TRUE)
install.packages("worldtilegrid", repos = "https://cinc.rud.is", dependencies = TRUE)
devtools::install_github('awhstin/awtools', dependencies = TRUE)
devtools::install_github("konradsemsch/ggrapid", dependencies = TRUE)
devtools::install_github("thomasp85/patchwork")
install.packages('manipulateWidget', dependencies = TRUE)
install.packages('ggthemes', dependencies = TRUE)
install.packages('tidyquant', dependencies = TRUE)
install.packages('rvest', dependencies = TRUE)
install.packages('DT', dependencies = TRUE)
install.packages("basetheme", dependencies = TRUE)
install.packages("ggchicklet", repos = "https://cinc.rud.is")

查看电脑安装了多少个R包

# 查看电脑安装了多少个包
library(tidyverse)
installed.packages() %>%
  as_tibble() %>%
  count() %>%
  pull() %>%
  paste("该电脑一共有", ., "个 R 包！") %>%
  message()

完整的R包名单

installed.packages() %>%
  as_tibble() %>%
  select(Package, Version, License, Built) %>%
  DT::datatable()

5.设置 R Profile

R Profile 里面的代码会在启动 R 的时候自动运行，创建 R Profile 文件可以使用：

usethis::edit_r_profile()

# 加载包
suppressMessages(suppressWarnings(library(ggplot2, quietly = T)))
suppressMessages(suppressWarnings(library(dplyr, quietly = T)))
suppressMessages(suppressWarnings(library(RColorBrewer, quietly = T)))
suppressMessages(suppressWarnings(library(reshape2, quietly = T)))
suppressMessages(suppressWarnings(library(hrbrthemes)))
suppressMessages(suppressWarnings(library(awtools)))
suppressMessages(suppressWarnings(library(grDevices)))

# 把日期环境设定为英语环境
suppressMessages(suppressWarnings((Sys.setlocale("LC_TIME", "en_US.UTF-8"))))

# 设定字体，特别注意里面有一个 enfont 和 cnfont 是我最常用的两个字体。
windowsFonts(
  `Arial Narrow` = windowsFont("Arial Unicode MS"),
  `enfont` = windowsFont("Cascadia Code"),
  `cnfont` = windowsFont("宋体"),
  EconSansCndReg = windowsFont("Econ Sans Cnd"),
  IBMPlexSans = windowsFont("IBM Plex Mono"),
  IBMPlexSans = windowsFont("IBM Plex Sans"),
  `Public Sans` = windowsFont("Public Sans"),
  `Roboto Condensed` = windowsFont("Roboto Condensed"),
  `Roboto Slab` = windowsFont("Roboto Slab"),
  `Titillium Web` = windowsFont("Titillium Web")
)
enfont = "enfont"
cnfont = "cnfont"

# 设定 ggplot2 绘图主题
theme_set(theme_ipsum(base_family = 'enfont'))
print("ggplot: theme_ipsum()!")

# 这是设定 R 的基础绘图系统的绘图主题
basetheme::basetheme("brutal")

建议：在安装和更新R包时可以先将R profile 清空，待安装完毕后再恢复。

6.RStudio样式

比如暗黑色：

rstudioapi::addTheme("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/patrickshox/Mojave-Dark-RStudio-Theme/master/Mojave%20Dark%20(Static).rstheme", apply=TRUE, force=TRUE)

参考资料：
Windows下使用Rtools编译R语言包
R 和 RStudio 的安装及 R Profile 的配置
R与RStudio的安装