海鹦
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+ caption by Alexander Ladanivskyy
“There are several places in Iceland where you can find puffins. They often settle on the coastal cliffs, so they are not very easy to photograph."
冰岛有几个地方可以找到海鹦。海鹦通常会栖息在海边的悬崖上，因此他们不大好拍摄到。
https://www.natgeokids.com/uk/discover/animals/birds/puffin-facts/
Top ten puffin facts 十个关于海鹦的事实
1. Nicknamed “sea parrots” – and sometimes “clowns of the sea“! – Atlantic puffins have black and white feathers and a large parrot-like beak. They are small seabirds measuring around 25cm in length.
1. 绰号“海鹦鹉”，有时也叫“海中小丑”！–大西洋海鹦有黑白相间的羽毛和像鹦鹉一样的大喙。它们是体长约25厘米的小型海鸟。
2. Puffins spend most of their lives out at sea, resting on the waves when not swimming. Their range spans the eastern coast of Canada and the United States to the western coast of Europe.
2. 海鹦的大部分生活都在海上度过，不游泳时靠海浪休息。它们的范围横跨加拿大和美国的东海岸到欧洲的西海岸。
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-guernsey-39544740
3. A puffin’s beak (or bill) changes colour during the year. In winter, the beak has a dull grey colour, but in spring it blooms with an outrageous orange! It’s thought that the bright colour helps puffins assess potential mates.
3. 海鹦的喙在一年中会变色。在冬天，喙是暗灰色的，但在春天它会变成惊人的橙色！人们认为明亮的颜色有助于海鹦找到潜在的配偶。
4. Puffins are carnivores and live off small fish such as herring, hake and sand eels.
4. 海鹦是食肉动物，以鲱鱼、鳕鱼和沙鳗等小鱼为食。
5. Puffins are fab flyers, flapping their wings up to 400 times a minute and speeding through the air at up to 88km an hour. Wow!
5. 海鹦是非常棒的飞行者，每分钟拍打翅膀达400次，在空中以每小时88公里的速度飞行。真的！
6. What’s more, these brilliant birds are great swimmers, too! Using their webbed feet as a rudder, puffins can dive down 60m under water in search of their favourite fish.
6. 更重要的是，这些聪明的鸟也是游泳高手！海鹦用有蹼的脚作为舵，可以潜到水下60米寻找它们最喜欢的鱼。
7. In spring and summer, thousands of puffins gather in colonies on the coasts and islands of the North Atlantic Ocean to breed. They usually pair up with the same partner as previous years – some may have been together for 20 years!
7. 在春天和夏天，成千上万的海鹦聚集在北大西洋的海岸和岛屿上繁殖。他们通常与前几年的同一个伴侣配对--有些可能已经在一起20年了！
http://mentalfloss.com/article/574766/puffin-facts
8. When starting a puffin family, our feathered friends dig out a burrow using their sharp claws and beak, usually in a grassy bank or rocky crevice. At the back of their burrow home, they build a nest lined with feathers and grass where the female lays her egg. Puffins lay one egg a year. Both parents take it in turn to incubate the egg for the next 36-45 days before the baby “puffling” hatches!
8. 当海鹦组建家庭的时候，我们这种有羽毛的朋友会用它们锋利的爪子和喙在长满草的海岸或岩石的缝隙里挖一个洞穴。在洞穴的后面它们会用羽毛和草筑巢，雌鸟会在这里产卵。一只海鹦每年只产一个卵。者接下来36-45天，雌海鹦和雄海鹦轮流孵蛋，直到海鹦宝宝破壳而出。
http://mentalfloss.com/article/574766/puffin-facts
9. In the wild, these winged wonders live for around 20 years. Their main predators are hungry gulls, which can snatch puffins mid-flight or swoop down and scoop their tasty treat from the ground – so they need to keep alert!
9. 在野外，海鹦可以存活20年左右。它们的主要捕食者是饥饿的海鸥，海鸥可以在飞行中抓起海鹦，或者俯冲下来，从地上捞起美味的食物——所以海鹦需要保持警惕！
10. Although puffins are not classed as an endangered species, populations in some places are in decline. The main threats are overfishing, which can lead to a shortage of food for puffins, and pollution – particularly oil spills. Not only does the oil make these beautiful birds sick, it destroys their waterproof feathers, essential for their survival.
10. 尽管海鹦不属于濒危物种，但某些地方的种群数量正在减少。它们面临的主要威胁是过度捕捞，这可能导致海鹦食物短缺，再者是污染，尤其是漏油。油不仅使这些美丽的鸟生病，而且破坏了海鹦防水的羽毛，这对它们的生存至关重要。
信息来源：
https://www.natgeokids.com/uk/discover/animals/birds/puffin-facts/
http://mentalfloss.com/article/574766/puffin-facts
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-guernsey-39544740
