建议逐个版本更新！

（这里以CentOS 7的mariadb5.5升级到10.0为例。从10.0升级到10.1到10.2到10.3可重复以下步骤。其他系统需更改Repo地址，请到官网https://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/选择对应系统和版本的Repo）
参考：
https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/upgrading-from-mariadb-55-to-mariadb-100/
https://www.mysterydata.com/upgrade-mariadb-5-5-to-mariadb-10-2-on-centos-7-vesta-cp/
https://www.tecmint.com/upgrade-mariadb-5-5-to-10-centos-rhel-debian-ubuntu/

每个版本都得参考一下官网的指导：
https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/upgrading-from-mariadb-102-to-mariadb-103/

repo查询：
https://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/mirror-sites-for-mariadb/
清华镜像：http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/
http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/10.1/centos7-amd64/（可以直接用网页打开这个查看下）
https://mariadb.org/mirroring-mariadb/
https://blog.csdn.net/q297896911/article/details/80603377

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• Step 1: Backup or Dump All MariaDB Databases 备份数据库

 mysqldump -u root -ppassword --all-databases > /tmp/all-database.sql
#root是您的数据库用户名，password是您的密码

• Step 2: Make sure your packages are up to date 更新其他包

yum update          [On RHEL/CentOS 7]
apt-get update      [On Debian/Ubuntu]

• Step 3: Add the MariaDB Repository 添加Repo

nano /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo

复制如下文本（需根据https://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/查询到对应的repo文本作出更改）：

# MariaDB 10.0 CentOS repository list - created 2016-01-18 09:58 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.0/centos7-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1

太慢？查询下国内或其他repo（https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/mirror-sites-for-mariadb/ 或 清华镜像：http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/）：

# MariaDB 10.0 CentOS repository list - created 2016-01-18 09:58 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/10.0/centos7-amd64/
gpgkey=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1

• Step 4: Remove MariaDB 5.5 移除旧版

yum remove mariadb-server mariadb mariadb-libs         [On RHEL/CentOS 7]
apt-get purge mariadb-server mariadb mariadb-libs      [On Debian/Ubuntu]

清除repo缓存

yum clean all          [On RHEL/CentOS 7]
apt-get clean all      [On Debian/Ubuntu]

• Step 5: Installing MariaDB 10.0 安装新版

yum -y install MariaDB-server MariaDB-client      [On RHEL/CentOS 7]
apt-get install mariadb-server MariaDB-client     [On Debian/Ubuntu]

查看mariadb版本

mysql -V

开启mariadb

systemctl start mariadb
systemctl enable mariadb

最后，执行mysql_upgrade更新数据库

mysql_upgrade  -u root -pXXXXX
#root是您的数据库用户名，password是您的密码