外刊阅读：Youth from small cities dri
近年来，经济下行的压力逐渐显现。很多商家开始重视“下沉市场”，也就是常说的三四线城市。有些媒体把这些城市的年轻人称为“小镇青年”，他们成了我国消费增长的主要推动力。
Youth from small cities drive China's consumption growth
by Evelyn Cheng
An increase in spending by "young free spenders" in China are helping the local economy, according to McKinsey's bi-annual survey of consumers released Thursday.
increase /ˈɪnkriːs/ n. 增加、增长
spender /ˈspendə(r)/ n. 花钱的人（由spend加上表示人的后缀-er；free spender指想买就买的人）
economy /ɪˈkɒnəmi/ n. 经济
McKinsey 是美国的管理咨询公司，其业务遍及全球
bi- 前缀，表示“双”（bi-annual是一年两次的）
survey /ˈsɜːveɪ/ n. 问卷调查
consumer /kənˈsjuːmə(r)/ n. 消费者
release /rɪˈliːs/ v. 发布
Despite U.S.-China trade tensions and a slowdown in domestic economic growth, these so-called young free spenders "have significantly boosted their purchases" from last year in nearly every category the McKinsey report tracked.
tension /ˈtenʃ(ə)n/ n. 紧张局势、紧张关系
slowdown /ˈsləʊdaʊn/ n. 放缓（由slow和down组成）
domestic /dəˈmestɪk/ adj. 国内的
economic /ˌekəˈnɒmɪk/ adj. 经济的（由economy加后缀-ic变成形容词）
growth /ɡrəʊθ/ n. 增长
so-called 被称为…的
significantly /sɪɡˈnɪfɪk(ə)ntli/ adv. 显著地（由significant加后缀-ly变成副词）
boost /buːst/ v. 增加、提高
purchase /ˈpɜːtʃəs/ n. 购买
category /ˈkætəɡri/ n. 类别、品类
track /træk/ v. 跟踪
The young free spender demographic, as defined by McKinsey, covers young people who live predominantly in China's less developed, lower-tier cities. Cheaper living costs and less demanding work schedules – relative to peers living in major metropolises（大都市） like Beijing and Shanghai – also give this group of consumers more time and disposable income.
demographic /ˌdeməˈɡræfɪk/ n. 人口群体
define /dɪˈfaɪn/ v. 定义
cover /ˈkʌvə(r)/ v. 涵盖、包含
predominantly /prɪˈdɒmɪnəntli/ adv. 主要地
tier /tɪə(r)/ n. 层次（也就是一线城市二线城市里的“线”）
demanding /dɪˈmɑːndɪŋ/ adj. 要求高的、耗时费力的
schedule /ˈʃedjuːl/ n. 日程安排
relative /ˈrelətɪv/ to 相对于
peer /pɪə(r)/ n. 同龄人、同类人
major /ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/ adj. 主要的
disposable /dɪˈspəʊzəb(ə)l/ income /ˈɪnkʌm/ 可支配收入
"They're likely going to be core to a company's marketing and sales growth going forward," said Felix Poh, one of the McKinsey partners who worked on the report.
core /kɔː(r)/ adj. 核心的
marketing /ˈmɑːkɪtɪŋ/ n. 市场营销
sales /seɪlz/ n. 销量、销售额
going forward = in the future
partner /ˈpɑːtnə(r)/ n. 合伙人
The group represents a quarter of the Chinese population surveyed, but account for 60% of the spending growth between 2017 to 2018, according to the study, which covered 5,400 respondents in 44 cities. Conducted between May and July, the survey is part of a research series conducted by McKinsey since 2005.
represent /ˌreprɪˈzent/ v. 代表
survey /səˈveɪ/ v. 问卷调查（它做动词和做名词时发音不同）
account for 占
respondent /rɪˈspɒndənt/ n. 回答问题的人
conduct /kənˈdʌkt/ v. 实施
series /ˈsɪəriːz/ n. 系列
"What we do see clearly is increase in spending, particularly in categories that are focused on health and lifestyle. This trend goes beyond the young free spenders, but they are clearly a big driver of this trend," Poh said. "There's an increasing demand for having personal trainers, more interesting classes that focus on the latest trends, Zumba, etc. and I think we're going to see a lot of continued innovation in those categories as well."
focus on 聚焦于、专注于
lifestyle /ˈlaɪfstaɪl/ n. 生活方式（由life和style组成）
driver /ˈdraɪvə(r)/ n. 推动者
personal trainer 指私人健身教练
Zumba /ˈzʌmbə/ n. 尊巴舞
innovation /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 创新
Local companies and investors are taking notice, just as the Chinese government has released new policies in the last few years to promote national fitness and sports.
investor /ɪnˈvestə(r)/ n. 投资者（由invest加上表示人的后缀-or）
take notice 注意、关注
policy /ˈpɒləsi/ n. 政策
promote /prəˈməʊt/ v. 促进
fitness /ˈfɪtnəs/ n. 健康强壮、身体好
The rest of McKinsey's survey respondents were more affected by the slowdown in economic growth. Those who said they weren't interested in spending rashly（轻率地）, even if they felt "rich," climbed to 60% from 52% in 2017. Official figures show retail sales have slowed this year to 8% growth, down from last year's roughly 9% increase.
affect /əˈfekt/ v. 影响
climb /klaɪm/ v. 爬升、上升
official /əˈfɪʃ(ə)l/ adj. 官方的
figure /ˈfɪɡə(r)/ n. 数字
retail /ˈriːteɪl/ n. 零售
slow /sləʊ/ v. 变慢、放缓
roughly /ˈrʌfli/ adv. 大约
Other consumer groups the survey studied held back a little more on spending, while a new category of "frugal（节俭的） consumers" decreased their spending across the board. They accounted for about 10% of those surveyed, and were more likely to have lower incomes and live in tier-one and tier-two cities, the McKinsey report said.
hold back 不做某事、退缩
across the board 全面地、在各个方面
income /ˈɪnkʌm/ n. 收入
"It all goes back to not treating Chinese consumers as a homogeneous（同类的） unit," Poh said. "They are extremely resilient. As long as you have an appealing value proposition Chinese consumers will still spend that money."
treat /triːt/ v. 对待
resilient /rɪˈzɪliənt/ adj. （面对逆境）能复原的
as long as 只要
appealing /əˈpiːlɪŋ/ adj. 有吸引力的
proposition /ˌprɒpəˈzɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 提案、商业计划
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