RxSwift 核心原理解析
RxSwift 核心原理解析
角色定位
- 观察者(Observer)
- 被观察者(Observable)
- 订阅者(Subscriber) 事件的最终处理者
- 管道(Sink) Observer 和 Observable 沟通的桥梁
Simple Example
Observable<String>.create { observer -> Disposable in
observer.onNext("hello")
return Disposables.create()
}
.subscribe { event in
print(event.element)
}
我们重点关注:
create 闭包什么时候执行,
subscribe 闭包又是什么时候执行的
Class Diagram
Observable.pngObservable
的核心函数:
-
subscribe
订阅这个大家都知道 -
run
对用户不可见,隐藏了大量的实现细节 -
asObservable
: 看似比较鸡肋,实际上作用很大。举个简单例子:
某个具体Observable类的重载方法
/// Converts `self` to `Observable` sequence.
public func asObservable() -> Observable<Element> {
return source
}
ObservableType
协议扩展
extension ObservableType {
/**
Subscribes an event handler to an observable sequence.
- parameter on: Action to invoke for each event in the observable sequence.
- returns: Subscription object used to unsubscribe from the observable sequence.
*/
public func subscribe(_ on: @escaping (Event<E>) -> Void)
-> Disposable {
let observer = AnonymousObserver { e in
on(e)
}
return self.asObservable().subscribe(observer)
}
}
-
asObservable
: 可以让我们使用组合方式去组装类,不需要自己每次亲力亲为的实现subscribe
- 有利于保持代码的简洁性,
return self.asObservable().subscribe(observer)
就是良好的封装性的体现
Observer 核心函数:
-
on
: 事件发生器 -
onCore
: 对用户不可见,隐藏具体实现细节
Sink 核心函数:
- forwardOn
- on
- run
代码分析
public static func create(_ subscribe: @escaping (AnyObserver<E>) -> Disposable) -> Observable<E> {
return AnonymousObservable(subscribe)
}
先看看create 函数, 返回一个AnonymousObservable
实例,这是因为Observable是无法正常工作的,它内部有不少抽象方法没有实现
// AnonymousObservable Class
final fileprivate class AnonymousObservable<Element> : Producer<Element> {
typealias SubscribeHandler = (AnyObserver<Element>) -> Disposable
let _subscribeHandler: SubscribeHandler
init(_ subscribeHandler: @escaping SubscribeHandler) {
_subscribeHandler = subscribeHandler
}
override func run<O : ObserverType>(_ observer: O, cancel: Cancelable) -> (sink: Disposable, subscription: Disposable) where O.E == Element {
let sink = AnonymousObservableSink(observer: observer, cancel: cancel)
let subscription = sink.run(self)
return (sink: sink, subscription: subscription)
}
}
首先说一下继承体系: AnonymousObservable -> Producer -> Observable -> ObservableType -> ObservableConvertibleType
每一层都只处理一点点事情,剩下的交给下一层处理
ObservableConvertibleType: 完全的抽象
ObservableType: 处理subscribe
Observable: 处理 asObservable
Producer: 重载subscribe
AnonymousObservable: 处理run
也就是说如果说如果我们要自定义一个Observable的话,通常只需要继承Producer, 并实现run方法。AnonymousObservable
做的事情也不多,实现run方法,作为create闭包的持有者。
run方法涉及另外一个类AnonymousObservableSink
,Sink作为Observer 和 Observable的衔接的桥梁,之前还在想为什么叫做ObservableSink,现在想明白了。Sink本身遵守ObseverType协议,与此同时实现了run方法,虽然没有实现subscribe方法,但是已经足够了,这样sink从某种程度来说也是Observable,通过sink就可以完成从Observable到Obsever的转变。
subscribe:
public func subscribe(_ on: @escaping (Event<E>) -> Void)
-> Disposable {
let observer = AnonymousObserver { e in
on(e)
}
return self.asObservable().subscribe(observer)
}
这里不太明白为什么一定要写成这样:
let observer = AnonymousObserver { e in
on(e)
}
感觉直接写成let observer = AnonymousObserver(on)
会更加清晰。AnonymousObserver
比较简单持有subscribe闭包,并且实现onCore
method.
刚才的只是个入口,这个才是核心
// Producer Class
override func subscribe<O : ObserverType>(_ observer: O) -> Disposable where O.E == Element {
if !CurrentThreadScheduler.isScheduleRequired {
// The returned disposable needs to release all references once it was disposed.
let disposer = SinkDisposer()
let sinkAndSubscription = run(observer, cancel: disposer)
disposer.setSinkAndSubscription(sink: sinkAndSubscription.sink, subscription: sinkAndSubscription.subscription)
return disposer
}
else {
return CurrentThreadScheduler.instance.schedule(()) { _ in
let disposer = SinkDisposer()
let sinkAndSubscription = self.run(observer, cancel: disposer)
disposer.setSinkAndSubscription(sink: sinkAndSubscription.sink, subscription: sinkAndSubscription.subscription)
return disposer
}
}
}
这个if 和 else 不用管这个是线程安全相关的,不是我关注的重点。这里返回的是 Disposable
, Disposable
跟对象的生命周期密切相关。暂且在这打个tag吧。
- branch_1: 线程安全
- branch_2: 生命周期管理
- branch_3: 核心逻辑实现细节
好了我们现在关注的是核心逻辑实现细节,其他有时间再补上。核心语句
let sinkAndSubscription = self.run(observer, cancel: disposer)
我们来看看run的逻辑
// AnonymousObservable Class
override func run<O : ObserverType>(_ observer: O, cancel: Cancelable) -> (sink: Disposable, subscription: Disposable) where O.E == Element {
let sink = AnonymousObservableSink(observer: observer, cancel: cancel)
let subscription = sink.run(self)
return (sink: sink, subscription: subscription)
}
之前提到过AnonymousObservableSink
,注意Sink是持有Observer的,从这也可以看出来Observerable的 run方法触发Sink
的run方法,接下来就要关注AnonymousObservableSink
方法。
func run(_ parent: Parent) -> Disposable {
return parent._subscribeHandler(AnyObserver(self))
}
哇,终于触发subscribeHandler了,这里的subscribeHandler就是之前最开始的闭包。
Observable<String>.create { observer -> Disposable in
observer.onNext("hello")
return Disposables.create()
}
也就是create闭包,真的是千辛万苦才跟踪到这了,那么现在解决了第一个问题: create闭包是什么执行的
现在就要关注这个闭包执行后会带来什么后果?
目光转到实体类AnyObserver
,
public struct AnyObserver<Element> : ObserverType {
/// The type of elements in sequence that observer can observe.
public typealias E = Element
/// Anonymous event handler type.
public typealias EventHandler = (Event<Element>) -> Void
private let observer: EventHandler
/// Construct an instance whose `on(event)` calls `eventHandler(event)`
///
/// - parameter eventHandler: Event handler that observes sequences events.
public init(eventHandler: @escaping EventHandler) {
self.observer = eventHandler
}
/// Construct an instance whose `on(event)` calls `observer.on(event)`
///
/// - parameter observer: Observer that receives sequence events.
public init<O : ObserverType>(_ observer: O) where O.E == Element {
self.observer = observer.on
}
/// Send `event` to this observer.
///
/// - parameter event: Event instance.
public func on(_ event: Event<Element>) {
return self.observer(event)
}
/// Erases type of observer and returns canonical observer.
///
/// - returns: type erased observer.
public func asObserver() -> AnyObserver<E> {
return self
}
}
构造函数的入参是EventHandle,结合上下文 AnyObserver.observer = AnonymousObservableSink.on
,那么这下就明白了 observer.onNext("hello")
最终会触发AnonymousObservableSink.on
事件
// AnonymousObservableSink.on
func on(_ event: Event<E>) {
#if DEBUG
_synchronizationTracker.register(synchronizationErrorMessage: .default)
defer { _synchronizationTracker.unregister() }
#endif
switch event {
case .next:
if _isStopped == 1 {
return
}
forwardOn(event)
case .error, .completed:
if AtomicCompareAndSwap(0, 1, &_isStopped) {
forwardOn(event)
dispose()
}
}
}
老规矩忽略线程安全问题,关注核心问题
// Sink.forwardOn
final func forwardOn(_ event: Event<O.E>) {
#if DEBUG
_synchronizationTracker.register(synchronizationErrorMessage: .default)
defer { _synchronizationTracker.unregister() }
#endif
if _disposed {
return
}
_observer.on(event)
}
还记得_observer 的实体是啥,没关系帮你回忆一下:
public func subscribe(_ on: @escaping (Event<E>) -> Void)
-> Disposable {
let observer = AnonymousObserver { e in
on(e)
return self.asObservable().subscribe(observer)
}
我们最初传进来的subscribe闭包的实体类,理解了这个接下来就简单了
// ObserverBase.on
func on(_ event: Event<E>) {
switch event {
case .next:
if _isStopped == 0 {
onCore(event)
}
case .error, .completed:
if AtomicCompareAndSwap(0, 1, &_isStopped) {
onCore(event)
}
}
}
// AnonymousObserver.onCore
override func onCore(_ event: Event<Element>) {
return _eventHandler(event)
}
这里的_eventHandler 就是最初传进来的订阅闭包即:
.subscribe { event in
print(event.element)
}
好了到此为止了,总结一下:
来个堆栈看的清晰些:
Rx subscribe源码分析.png
再来一个类图
Compose Diagram.png
稍微解释一下整个过程分为两个阶段:
- Obsevable 构建阶段,这里使用create构造方法构造Obsevable,还有其他各种各样的构造方法,这里不一一赘述。
- subscribe 阶段, Obsevable.subscribe ---> Obsevable.run ----> Sink.run ----> AnyObserver.On ----> Sink.on ----> Observer.On ---> Observer.OnCore ----> eventHandler
这个过程也可以分为多个阶段:
Obsevable.subscribe ---> Obsevable.run ----> Sink.run 这个过程我理解为build阶段,通过Sink建立Obsevable和 Observer的联系,在这个阶段Sink扮演还是Obsevable角色。
AnyObserver.On ----> Sink.on ----> Observer.On ---> Observer.OnCore 这个阶段的话Sink扮演的就是 Observer 角色