线程安全性

2019-07-06  本文已影响0人  青衣敖王侯

线程安全性定义

当多个线程访问某个类时,不管运行时环境采用何种调度方式或者这些进程将如何交替执行,并且在主调代码中不需要任何额外的同步或协同,这个类都能表现出正确的行为,那么就称这个类是线程安全的。

Atomic用法

public class AtomicExample1 {

    // 请求总数
    public static int clientTotal = 5000;

    // 同时并发执行的线程数
    public static int threadTotal = 200;

    public static AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0);

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(threadTotal);
        final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(clientTotal);
        for (int i = 0; i < clientTotal ; i++) {
            executorService.execute(() -> {
                try {
                    semaphore.acquire();
                    add();
                    semaphore.release();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    log.error("exception", e);
                }
                countDownLatch.countDown();
            });
        }
        countDownLatch.await();
        executorService.shutdown();
        log.info("count:{}", count.get());
    }

    private static void add() {
        count.incrementAndGet();
    }
}

原子性-synchronized

@Slf4j
public class SynchronizedExample1 {

    // 修饰一个代码块
    public void test1(int j) {
        synchronized (this) {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                log.info("test1 {} - {}", j, i);
            }
        }
    }

    // 修饰一个方法
    public synchronized void test2(int j) {
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            log.info("test2 {} - {}", j, i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SynchronizedExample1 example1 = new SynchronizedExample1();
        SynchronizedExample1 example2 = new SynchronizedExample1();
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        executorService.execute(() -> {
            example1.test2(1);
        });
        executorService.execute(() -> {
            example2.test2(2);
        });
    }
}
@Slf4j
public class SynchronizedExample2 {

    // 修饰一个类
    public static void test1(int j) {
        synchronized (SynchronizedExample2.class) {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                log.info("test1 {} - {}", j, i);
            }
        }
    }

    // 修饰一个静态方法
    public static synchronized void test2(int j) {
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            log.info("test2 {} - {}", j, i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SynchronizedExample2 example1 = new SynchronizedExample2();
        SynchronizedExample2 example2 = new SynchronizedExample2();
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        executorService.execute(() -> {
            example1.test1(1);
        });
        executorService.execute(() -> {
            example2.test1(2);
        });
    }
}

原子性对比

可见性

导致共享变量在线程间不可见的原因

有序性

Java内存模型中,允许编译器和处理器对指令进行重排序,但是重排序过程不会影响到单线程程序的执行,却会影响到多线程并发执行的正确性


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