python下多版本与环境隔离
2019-01-14 本文已影响10人
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需求
在使用python的过程中我们经常需要部署python的不同版本. 然后使用不同的安装包. 并且希望他们之间互相不会影响.
Last login: Mon Jan 14 13:45:52 on ttys000
xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:~ xxzx$ pyenv versions
* system (set by /usr/local/var/pyenv/version)
2.7.14
2.7.14/envs/my-virtual-env-2.7.14
2.7.7
3.5.5
3.6.4
3.6.5
my-virtual-env-2.7.14
xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:~ xxzx$ cd ~/Desktop/python/python3.6.5/
xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:python3.6.5 xxzx$ pyenv virtualenv 3.6.5 my-virtual-env-3.6.5
Using base prefix '/usr/local/var/pyenv/versions/3.6.5'
New python executable in /usr/local/var/pyenv/versions/3.6.5/envs/my-virtual-env-3.6.5/bin/python3.6
Also creating executable in /usr/local/var/pyenv/versions/3.6.5/envs/my-virtual-env-3.6.5/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...
done.
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /usr/local/var/pyenv/versions/3.6.5/envs/my-virtual-env-3.6.5/lib/python3.6/site-packages
Requirement already satisfied: pip in /usr/local/var/pyenv/versions/3.6.5/envs/my-virtual-env-3.6.5/lib/python3.6/site-packages
xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:python3.6.5 xxzx$ pip list
Package Version
-------------------------------------- --------
altgraph 0.10.2
bdist-mpkg 0.5.0
bonjour-py 0.3
macholib 1.5.1
matplotlib 1.3.1
modulegraph 0.10.4
numpy 1.8.0rc1
pbr 5.1.1
pip 18.1
py2app 0.7.3
pyobjc-core 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-Accounts 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-AddressBook 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-AppleScriptKit 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-AppleScriptObjC 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-Automator 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-CFNetwork 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-Cocoa 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-Collaboration 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-CoreData 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-CoreLocation 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-CoreText 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-DictionaryServices 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-EventKit 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-ExceptionHandling 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-FSEvents 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-InputMethodKit 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-InstallerPlugins 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-InstantMessage 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-LatentSemanticMapping 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-LaunchServices 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-Message 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-OpenDirectory 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-PreferencePanes 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-PubSub 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-QTKit 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-Quartz 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-ScreenSaver 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-ScriptingBridge 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-SearchKit 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-ServiceManagement 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-Social 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-SyncServices 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-SystemConfiguration 2.5.1
pyobjc-framework-WebKit 2.5.1
pyOpenSSL 0.13.1
pyparsing 2.0.1
python-dateutil 1.5
pytz 2013.7
scipy 0.13.0b1
setuptools 18.5
six 1.12.0
stevedore 1.30.0
virtualenv 16.2.0
virtualenv-clone 0.4.0
virtualenvwrapper 4.8.2
xattr 0.6.4
xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:python3.6.5 xxzx$ pyenv activate my-virtual-env-3.6.5
pyenv-virtualenv: prompt changing will be removed from future release. configure `export PYENV_VIRTUALENV_DISABLE_PROMPT=1' to simulate the behavior.
(my-virtual-env-3.6.5) xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:python3.6.5 xxzx$ pip list
Package Version
---------- -------
pip 18.1
setuptools 40.5.0
wheel 0.32.3
(my-virtual-env-3.6.5) xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:python3.6.5 xxzx$ pip install Flask
Collecting Flask
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7f/e7/08578774ed4536d3242b14dacb4696386634607af824ea997202cd0edb4b/Flask-1.0.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (91kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 92kB 10.0kB/s
Collecting Werkzeug>=0.14 (from Flask)
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/20/c4/12e3e56473e52375aa29c4764e70d1b8f3efa6682bef8d0aae04fe335243/Werkzeug-0.14.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting Jinja2>=2.10 (from Flask)
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7f/ff/ae64bacdfc95f27a016a7bed8e8686763ba4d277a78ca76f32659220a731/Jinja2-2.10-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting itsdangerous>=0.24 (from Flask)
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/76/ae/44b03b253d6fade317f32c24d100b3b35c2239807046a4c953c7b89fa49e/itsdangerous-1.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting click>=5.1 (from Flask)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fa/37/45185cb5abbc30d7257104c434fe0b07e5a195a6847506c074527aa599ec/Click-7.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (81kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 81kB 16kB/s
Collecting MarkupSafe>=0.23 (from Jinja2>=2.10->Flask)
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/da/fc/2979c425ad23d528d6ac2e1f3efdc28e572fa1e1fbd5a75171cbdd7ddaa5/MarkupSafe-1.1.0-cp36-cp36m-macosx_10_6_intel.whl
Installing collected packages: Werkzeug, MarkupSafe, Jinja2, itsdangerous, click, Flask
Successfully installed Flask-1.0.2 Jinja2-2.10 MarkupSafe-1.1.0 Werkzeug-0.14.1 click-7.0 itsdangerous-1.1.0
(my-virtual-env-3.6.5) xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:python3.6.5 xxzx$ pip list
Package Version
------------ -------
Click 7.0
Flask 1.0.2
itsdangerous 1.1.0
Jinja2 2.10
MarkupSafe 1.1.0
pip 18.1
setuptools 40.5.0
Werkzeug 0.14.1
wheel 0.32.3
(my-virtual-env-3.6.5) xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:python3.6.5 xxzx$
步骤
接下来我们说下步骤, 这里就不说pyenv与pyenv-virtualenv的安装和使用了.
结合上面的终端步骤来看:
- 在合适的位置新建一个文件夹.比如我新建了一个文件夹
python3.6.5. 因为我准备在在当前的文件夹下使用python3.6.5的python环境 - 来到终端通过
pyenv versions查看当前pyenv安装了哪些版本的python包 -
cd ~/Desktop/python/python3.6.5/进入到这个文件夹中 - 通过
pyenv virtualenv 3.6.5 my-virtual-env-3.6.5命令来创建一个基于python3.6.5的虚拟环境,命名为my-virtual-env-3.6.5 - 在👆的命令之后会出现下面的. 我们记住当前安装的目录
Using base prefix '/usr/local/var/pyenv/versions/3.6.5'
New python executable in /usr/local/var/pyenv/versions/3.6.5/envs/my-virtual-env-3.6.5/bin/python3.6
Also creating executable in /usr/local/var/pyenv/versions/3.6.5/envs/my-virtual-env-3.6.5/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...
- 在这之后我通过
pip list, 查看的是global下的包 -
pyenv activate my-virtual-env-3.6.5命令激活我们的虚拟环境, 使用pip list再次查看, 默认为我们安装的情况如下
(my-virtual-env-3.6.5) xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:python3.6.5 xxzx$ pip list
Package Version
---------- -------
pip 18.1
setuptools 40.5.0
wheel 0.32.3
- 这时候我们安装一个新的 python包
(my-virtual-env-3.6.5) xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:python3.6.5 xxzx$ pip install Flask
至此, 在终端中的过程就结束了
pycharm中使用
正常情况下我们是在pycharm中写我们的代码. 也需要pycharm能够正确的找到我们想要的虚拟环境
通过pycharm open打开python3.6.5文件夹
image.png
打开之后我们可以看到当前的界面
image.png
这里的环境是错误的, 我们需要通过如下的配置
image.png
通过add添加
image.png
]
还记得上面终端的安装虚拟环境的时候的地址么
image.png
之后退出重新打开当前的项目目录
image.png
