PostgreSQL日期时间间隔计算:使用DATEDIFF函数的

2023-05-07  本文已影响0人  阳光小镇少爷
目录

PostgreSQL-DATEDIFF-日期时间差,以秒,天,月,周等为单位

您可以使用各种日期时间表达式或用户定义的 DATEDIFF 函数(UDF)在 PostgreSQL 中计算两个日期时间值之间的差,以秒,分钟,小时,天,周,月和年为单位。

总览

PostgreSQL 不提供类似于 SQL Server DATEDIFF 的[2] DATEDIFF 函数,但是您可以使用各种表达式或 UDF 来获得相同的结果。

| | SQL Server
and Sybase | PostgreSQL |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Years | DATEDIFF(yy, start, end) | DATE_PART('year', end) - DATE_PART('year', start) |
| Months | DATEDIFF(mm, start, end) | years_diff * 12 + (DATE_PART('month', end) - DATE_PART('month', start)) |
| Days | DATEDIFF(dd, start, end) | DATE_PART('day', end - start) |
| Weeks | DATEDIFF(wk, start, end) | TRUNC(DATE_PART('day', end - start)/7) |
| Hours | DATEDIFF(hh, start, end) | days_diff * 24 + DATE_PART('hour', end - start ) |
| Minutes | DATEDIFF(mi, start, end) | hours_diff * 60 + DATE_PART('minute', end - start ) |
| Seconds | DATEDIFF(ss, start, end) | minutes_diff * 60 + DATE_PART('minute', end - start ) |

PostgreSQL-年中的日期差异

考虑使用 SQL Server 函数来计算以年为单位的两个日期之间的差:

SQL Server

  -- Difference between Oct 02, 2011 and Jan 01, 2012 in years
  SELECT DATEDIFF(year, '2011-10-02', '2012-01-01');
  -- Result: 1

请注意,SQL Server DATEDIFF 函数返回 1 年,尽管日期之间只有 3 个月。

SQL Server 不计算日期之间经过的整年,它仅计算年份之间的差异。

在 PostgreSQL 中,您可以从日期中获取年份部分并将其减去。

PostgreSQL

-- Difference between Oct 02, 2011 and Jan 01, 2012 in years
SELECT DATE_PART('year', '2012-01-01'::date) - DATE_PART('year', '2011-10-02'::date);
-- Result: 1

PostgreSQL-月中的日期差异

考虑使用 SQL Server 函数来计算两个日期(以月为单位)之间的差额:

SQL Server

-- Difference between Oct 02, 2011 and Jan 01, 2012 in months
SELECT DATEDIFF(month, '2011-10-02', '2012-01-01');
-- Result: 3

在 PostgreSQL 中,您可以将年份之间的差值乘以 12,然后将月份部分之间的差值相加(可以为负)。

PostgreSQL

-- Difference between Oct 02, 2011 and Jan 01, 2012 in months
 SELECT (DATE_PART('year', '2012-01-01'::date) - DATE_PART('year', '2011-10-02'::date)) * 12 + (DATE_PART('month', '2012-01-01'::date) - DATE_PART('month', '2011-10-02'::date));
 -- Result: 3

PostgreSQL-日期的天数差异

考虑使用 SQL Server 函数来计算两天之间的日期差:

SQL Server

-- Difference between Dec 29, 2011 23:00 and Dec 31, 2011 01:00 in days
 SELECT DATEDIFF(day, '2011-12-29 23:00:00', '2011-12-31 01:00:00');
 -- Result: 2

请注意,DATEDIFF 返回了 2 天,尽管 datetime 值之间只有 1 天 2 小时。

在 PostgreSQL 中,如果您从另一个中减去一个日期时间值(TIMESTAMP,DATE 或 TIME 数据类型),则将获得一个 INTERVAL 值,格式为“ ddd days hh:mi:ss ”。

SELECT '2011-12-31 01:00:00'::timestamp - '2011-12-29 23:00:00'::timestamp;
 -- Result: "1 day 02:00:00"

SELECT '2011-12-31 01:00:00'::timestamp - '2010-09-17 23:00:00'::timestamp;
-- Result: "469 days 02:00:00"

所以,你可以使用 date_part 数函数 extact 的天数,但它返回的数量充分的日期之间的天数。

PostgreSQL

-- Difference between Dec 29, 2011 23:00 and Dec 31, 2011 01:00 in days
SELECT DATE_PART('day', '2011-12-31 01:00:00'::timestamp - '2011-12-29 23:00:00'::timestamp);
-- Result: 1

PostgreSQL-周中的日期差异

考虑使用 SQL Server 函数来计算两周中两个日期之间的差额:

SQL Server

-- Difference between Dec 22, 2011 and Dec 31, 2011 in weeks
SELECT DATEDIFF(week, '2011-12-22', '2011-12-31');
-- Result: 1

DATEDIFF 返回日期时间值之间的整周数。

在 PostgreSQL 中,您可以使用表达式定义天数(请参见上文)并将其除以 7。需要 TRUNC 才能删除除后的小数部分。

PostgreSQL

-- Difference between Dec 22, 2011 and Dec 31, 2011 in weeks
SELECT TRUNC(DATE_PART('day', '2011-12-31'::timestamp - '2011-12-22'::timestamp)/7);
-- Result: 1

PostgreSQL-日期时间的小时差异

考虑使用 SQL Server 函数来计算两个 datetime 值之间的时差,以小时为单位:

SQL Server

-- Difference between Dec 30, 2011 08:55 and Dec 30, 2011 9:05 in weeks
SELECT DATEDIFF(hour, '2011-12-30 08:55', '2011-12-30 09:05');
-- Result: 1

请注意,尽管 datetime 值之间只有 10 分钟的差异,但 DATEDIFF 返回了 1 小时。

在 PostgreSQL 中,您可以使用表达式来定义天数(请参见上文),乘以 24 并乘以小时。

PostgreSQL

-- Difference between Dec 30, 2011 08:55 and Dec 30, 2011 9:05 in weeks
SELECT DATE_PART('day', '2011-12-30 08:55'::timestamp - '2011-12-30 09:05'::timestamp) * 24 + DATE_PART('hour', '2011-12-30 08:55'::timestamp - '2011-12-30 09:05'::timestamp);
-- Result: 0

请注意,此 PostreSQL 表达式返回在 datetime 值之间传递的完整小时数。

PostgreSQL-分钟中的日期时间差异

考虑使用 SQL Server 函数以分钟为单位计算两个日期时间值之间的差:

SQL Server

-- Difference between Dec 30, 2011 08:54:55 and  Dec 30, 2011 08:56:10 in minutes
 SELECT DATEDIFF(minute, '2011-12-30 08:54:55', '2011-12-30 08:56:10');
-- Result: 2

-- Time only
SELECT DATEDIFF(minute, '08:54:55', '08:56:10');
-- Result: 2

请注意,尽管 datetime 值之间只有 1 分 15 秒,但 DATEDIFF 返回了 2 分钟。

在 PostgreSQL 中,您可以使用一个表达式来定义小时数(请参阅上文),乘以 60 并乘以分钟。

PostgreSQL

-- Difference between Dec 30, 2011 08:54:55 and  Dec 30, 2011 08:56:10 in minutes

SELECT (DATE_PART('day', '2011-12-30 08:56:10'::timestamp - '2011-12-30 08:54:55'::timestamp) * 24 +
DATE_PART('hour', '2011-12-30 08:56:10'::timestamp - '2011-12-30 08:54:55'::timestamp)) * 60 +
DATE_PART('minute', '2011-12-30 08:56:10'::timestamp - '2011-12-30 08:54:55'::timestamp);
-- Result: 1

-- Time only
SELECT DATE_PART('hour', '08:56:10'::time - '08:54:55'::time) * 60 +
DATE_PART('minute', '08:56:10'::time - '08:54:55'::time);
-- Result: 1

请注意,这些 PostreSQL 表达式返回在 datetime 值之间传递的完整分钟数。

PostgreSQL-日期时间差(以秒为单位)

考虑使用 SQL Server 函数以秒为单位计算两个日期时间值之间的差:

SQL Server

-- Difference between Dec 30, 2011 08:54:55 and Dec 30, 2011 08:56:10 in seconds
SELECT DATEDIFF(second, '2011-12-30 08:54:55', '2011-12-30 08:56:10');
-- Result: 75

-- Time only
SELECT DATEDIFF(second, '08:54:55', '08:56:10');
-- Result: 75

在 PostgreSQL 中,您可以使用表达式定义分钟数(请参见上文),乘以 60 并乘以秒。

PostgreSQL

-- Difference between Dec 30, 2011 08:54:55 and Dec 30, 2011 08:56:10 in seconds
SELECT ((DATE_PART('day', '2011-12-30 08:56:10'::timestamp - '2011-12-30 08:54:55'::timestamp) * 24 +
DATE_PART('hour', '2011-12-30 08:56:10'::timestamp - '2011-12-30 08:54:55'::timestamp)) * 60 +
DATE_PART('minute', '2011-12-30 08:56:10'::timestamp - '2011-12-30 08:54:55'::timestamp)) * 60 +
DATE_PART('second', '2011-12-30 08:56:10'::timestamp - '2011-12-30 08:54:55'::timestamp);
-- Result: 75

-- Time only
SELECT (DATE_PART('hour', '08:56:10'::time - '08:54:55'::time) * 60 +
DATE_PART('minute', '08:56:10'::time - '08:54:55'::time)) * 60 +
DATE_PART('second', '08:56:10'::time - '08:54:55'::time);
-- Result: 75

PostgreSQL DATEDIFF-用户定义函数(UDF)

除了使用单独的表达式来计算每个时间单位的日期时间差之外,还可以使用类似于 SQL Server DATEDIFF 函数的函数。

PostgreSQL

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION DateDiff (units VARCHAR(30), start_t TIMESTAMP,
end_t TIMESTAMP)
RETURNS INT AS $$
DECLARE
diff_interval INTERVAL;
diff INT = 0;
years_diff INT = 0;
BEGIN
IF units IN ('yy', 'yyyy', 'year', 'mm', 'm', 'month') THEN
years_diff = DATE_PART('year', end_t) - DATE_PART('year', start_t);

   IF units IN ('yy', 'yyyy', 'year') THEN
     -- SQL Server does not count full years passed (only difference between year parts)
     RETURN years_diff;
   ELSE
     -- If end month is less than start month it will subtracted
     RETURN years_diff * 12 + (DATE_PART('month', end_t) - DATE_PART('month', start_t));
   END IF;
 END IF;

 -- Minus operator returns interval 'DDD days HH:MI:SS'
 diff_interval = end_t - start_t;

 diff = diff + DATE_PART('day', diff_interval);

 IF units IN ('wk', 'ww', 'week') THEN
   diff = diff/7;
   RETURN diff;
 END IF;

 IF units IN ('dd', 'd', 'day') THEN
   RETURN diff;
 END IF;

 diff = diff * 24 + DATE_PART('hour', diff_interval);

 IF units IN ('hh', 'hour') THEN
    RETURN diff;
 END IF;

 diff = diff * 60 + DATE_PART('minute', diff_interval);

 IF units IN ('mi', 'n', 'minute') THEN
    RETURN diff;
 END IF;

 diff = diff * 60 + DATE_PART('second', diff_interval);

 RETURN diff;

END;
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;

如何使用 PostgreSQL DATEDIFF 函数

语法与 SQL Server DATEDIFF 相似,但是您必须在 PostgreSQL 中将时间单位(秒,分钟等及其缩写)指定为字符串文字,例如:

-- Difference between Dec 30, 2011 08:54:55 and  Dec 30, 2011 08:56:10 in seconds
SELECT DATEDIFF('second', '2011-12-30 08:54:55'::timestamp, '2011-12-30 08:56:10'::timestamp);
-- Result: 75

PostgreSQL DATEDIFF 函数仅适用于 TIME

您可以具有另一个仅对时间数据类型起作用的函数。PostgreSQL 支持具有相同名称但参数数据类型不同的重载函数:

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION DateDiff (units VARCHAR(30), start_t TIME, end_t TIME)
RETURNS INT AS $$
DECLARE
diff_interval INTERVAL;
diff INT = 0;
BEGIN
-- Minus operator for TIME returns interval 'HH:MI:SS'
diff_interval = end_t - start_t;

 diff = DATE_PART('hour', diff_interval);

 IF units IN ('hh', 'hour') THEN
   RETURN diff;
 END IF;

 diff = diff * 60 + DATE_PART('minute', diff_interval);

 IF units IN ('mi', 'n', 'minute') THEN
    RETURN diff;
 END IF;

 diff = diff * 60 + DATE_PART('second', diff_interval);

 RETURN diff;

END;
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;

例如,可以将此函数调用为:

-- Difference between 08:54:55 and 08:56:10 in seconds
SELECT DATEDIFF('second', '08:54:55'::time, '08:56:10'::time);
-- Result: 75

参考:https://www.45fan.com/article.php?aid=1HwRAHhXML6U81U4

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