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源码解读java动态代理模式

2020-02-29  本文已影响0人  程序员三千_

读前须知:

动态代理:只有你在运行的时候,才会产生代理类(代理对象),这个代理对象是动态生成的。我们在实现动态代理的时候,代理类并不像静态代理一样真正的创建一个class文件一个代理类,那么jdk是怎么实现动态代理的呢?


类完整的生命周期.png

我们知道在jdk里面,首先我们会写一个java源文件(.java文件),然后他会编译成对应.class文件(字节码),class文件在我们实际运行的时候,java虚拟机会通过类加载器把它加载出一个class对象,通过class对象再拿到各自实例对象(实例化),然后我们就可以通过这个对象调用各自方法了。
然而在动态代理的时候,对我们动态代理类来讲是没有写java源文件(java文件)这一步的,那么jdk是如何实现的呢?其实,说穿了,在jdk里面,任何可以执行的一定是java字节码,当我们编译好了之后,就会生成.class文件,字节码就是01二进制串,可以放在硬盘里也可以放在内存里,甚至可以网上传递过来。那么动态代理是怎么创建代理类的呢?

我们通过打断点发现,动态代理会生成一个$Proxy0对象,

image

那么个$Proxy0到底是怎么生成的呢?我们进入初始化方法Proxy.newProxyInstance方法看下

@CallerSensitive
    public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader,
                                          Class<?>[] interfaces,
                                          InvocationHandler h)
        throws IllegalArgumentException
    {
        Objects.requireNonNull(h);

        final Class<?>[] intfs = interfaces.clone();
        final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
        if (sm != null) {
            checkProxyAccess(Reflection.getCallerClass(), loader, intfs);
        }

        /*
         * Look up or generate the designated proxy class.
         */
        Class<?> cl = getProxyClass0(loader, intfs);

        /*
         * Invoke its constructor with the designated invocation handler.
         */
        try {
            if (sm != null) {
                checkNewProxyPermission(Reflection.getCallerClass(), cl);
            }

            final Constructor<?> cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams);
            final InvocationHandler ih = h;
            if (!Modifier.isPublic(cl.getModifiers())) {
                AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
                    public Void run() {
                        cons.setAccessible(true);
                        return null;
                    }
                });
            }
            return cons.newInstance(new Object[]{h});
        } catch (IllegalAccessException|InstantiationException e) {
            throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            Throwable t = e.getCause();
            if (t instanceof RuntimeException) {
                throw (RuntimeException) t;
            } else {
                throw new InternalError(t.toString(), t);
            }
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
        }
    }

newProxyInstance方法里我们看到Class<?> cl = getProxyClass0(loader, intfs);这个方法应该就是通过反射拿到Proxy的Class对象,再通过Constructor<?> cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams);拿到c1的构造方法,我们再进到getProxyClass0方法里看下是怎么拿到class对象的

 /**
     * Generate a proxy class.  Must call the checkProxyAccess method
     * to perform permission checks before calling this.
     */
    private static Class<?> getProxyClass0(ClassLoader loader,
                                           Class<?>... interfaces) {
        if (interfaces.length > 65535) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("interface limit exceeded");
        }

        // If the proxy class defined by the given loader implementing
        // the given interfaces exists, this will simply return the cached copy;
        // otherwise, it will create the proxy class via the ProxyClassFactory
        return proxyClassCache.get(loader, interfaces);
    }

这段代码里我们直接看到return proxyClassCache.get(loader, interfaces);很显然class对象是在这里拿到了的,字面意思我们才到就是从java的缓存里通过类加载器和接口拿到class对象,所以我们再点击get方法里看看

 public V get(K key, P parameter) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(parameter);

        expungeStaleEntries();

        Object cacheKey = CacheKey.valueOf(key, refQueue);

        // lazily install the 2nd level valuesMap for the particular cacheKey
        ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> valuesMap = map.get(cacheKey);
        if (valuesMap == null) {
            ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> oldValuesMap
                = map.putIfAbsent(cacheKey,
                                  valuesMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>());
            if (oldValuesMap != null) {
                valuesMap = oldValuesMap;
            }
        }

        // create subKey and retrieve the possible Supplier<V> stored by that
        // subKey from valuesMap
        Object subKey = Objects.requireNonNull(subKeyFactory.apply(key, parameter));
        Supplier<V> supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey);
        Factory factory = null;

        while (true) {
            if (supplier != null) {
                // supplier might be a Factory or a CacheValue<V> instance
                V value = supplier.get();
                if (value != null) {
                    return value;
                }
            }
            // else no supplier in cache
            // or a supplier that returned null (could be a cleared CacheValue
            // or a Factory that wasn't successful in installing the CacheValue)

            // lazily construct a Factory
            if (factory == null) {
                factory = new Factory(key, parameter, subKey, valuesMap);
            }

            if (supplier == null) {
                supplier = valuesMap.putIfAbsent(subKey, factory);
                if (supplier == null) {
                    // successfully installed Factory
                    supplier = factory;
                }
                // else retry with winning supplier
            } else {
                if (valuesMap.replace(subKey, supplier, factory)) {
                    // successfully replaced
                    // cleared CacheEntry / unsuccessful Factory
                    // with our Factory
                    supplier = factory;
                } else {
                    // retry with current supplier
                    supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey);
                }
            }
        }
    }

get是一个范型方法,前面一部分是从缓存map里根据可以取值,后面一部分我们注意到这段代码

image.png
一开始通过requireNonNull生成一个subKey,然后通过subKey从map里拿到一个Supplier<V> 数组,V就是这个get方法的类型,然后再从Supplier<V> 数组supplier里拿到最终值value,如果value!=null再返回。所以关键的地方应该就是requireNonNull这个方法,我们点进去发现
image.png
这里并没有真正实现的代码,所以我们注意到subKeyFactory.apply(key, parameter)这个方法,它是一个范型接口里的一个方法,所以我们查看apply这个方法的实现
image.png
我们进入最后一个看看
  @Override
        public Class<?> apply(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces) {

            Map<Class<?>, Boolean> interfaceSet = new IdentityHashMap<>(interfaces.length);
            for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
                /*
                 * Verify that the class loader resolves the name of this
                 * interface to the same Class object.
                 */
                Class<?> interfaceClass = null;
                try {
                    interfaceClass = Class.forName(intf.getName(), false, loader);
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                }
                if (interfaceClass != intf) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                        intf + " is not visible from class loader");
                }
                /*
                 * Verify that the Class object actually represents an
                 * interface.
                 */
                if (!interfaceClass.isInterface()) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                        interfaceClass.getName() + " is not an interface");
                }
                /*
                 * Verify that this interface is not a duplicate.
                 */
                if (interfaceSet.put(interfaceClass, Boolean.TRUE) != null) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                        "repeated interface: " + interfaceClass.getName());
                }
            }

            String proxyPkg = null;     // package to define proxy class in
            int accessFlags = Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.FINAL;

            /*
             * Record the package of a non-public proxy interface so that the
             * proxy class will be defined in the same package.  Verify that
             * all non-public proxy interfaces are in the same package.
             */
            for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
                int flags = intf.getModifiers();
                if (!Modifier.isPublic(flags)) {
                    accessFlags = Modifier.FINAL;
                    String name = intf.getName();
                    int n = name.lastIndexOf('.');
                    String pkg = ((n == -1) ? "" : name.substring(0, n + 1));
                    if (proxyPkg == null) {
                        proxyPkg = pkg;
                    } else if (!pkg.equals(proxyPkg)) {
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                            "non-public interfaces from different packages");
                    }
                }
            }

            if (proxyPkg == null) {
                // if no non-public proxy interfaces, use com.sun.proxy package
                proxyPkg = ReflectUtil.PROXY_PACKAGE + ".";
            }

            /*
             * Choose a name for the proxy class to generate.
             */
            long num = nextUniqueNumber.getAndIncrement();
            String proxyName = proxyPkg + proxyClassNamePrefix + num;

            /*
             * Generate the specified proxy class.
             */
            byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(
                proxyName, interfaces, accessFlags);
            try {
                return defineClass0(loader, proxyName,
                                    proxyClassFile, 0, proxyClassFile.length);
            } catch (ClassFormatError e) {
                /*
                 * A ClassFormatError here means that (barring bugs in the
                 * proxy class generation code) there was some other
                 * invalid aspect of the arguments supplied to the proxy
                 * class creation (such as virtual machine limitations
                 * exceeded).
                 */
                throw new IllegalArgumentException(e.toString());
            }
        }

前面也是一大堆反射,我们注意到


image.png

从它注释Generate the specified proxy class,我们也可以确定他就是真正生成代理对象的地方,这里通过ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass生成一个byte数组,然后再return一个defineClass0(loader, proxyName,proxyClassFile, 0,proxyClassFile.length);我们知道java里的.class文件实际上是有许多byte字节码组成的,所以我们猜测这里就是真正生成class对象的地方,defineClass0方法就是把字节数组转化为实际class的方法,我们点进去发现是一个native

image.png

native在java里应该就是C++代码来实现的。
那么我们之前打断点的$Proxy0是怎么来的呢?

image.png
我们注意到这里的注释Choose a name for the proxy class to generate.选择一个名字给代理class,我们点进去 image.png
这里的proxyClassNamePrefix是不是就是我们断点打出来的代理类的名字么,后面+num我们不用猜,肯定就是0,1,2,3。。。这样的num。那么ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass
怎么生成byte数组的呢?我们点进去,
image.png
从注释里可以看到,是系统编译器直接创建的,大致浏览下代码,就是各种IO操作,我猜测应该就是读写.class文件里的操作,文章最后我们会去揭秘。

所以我们最后得出结论,动态代理调用newProxyInstance的时候,jdk会在内部通过各种反射,生成一个字节数组,然后通过defineClass0把字节数组转换成class文件,有了class文件之后,就像文章开头讲的一样,通过class对象再拿到各自实例对象(实例化),然后我们就可以通过这个对象调用各自方法了。

这里最后生成的是 byte[] proxyClassFile字节数组,那我们把ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass拷出来自己去生成不就好了么?
具体生成代码如下:

 byte[] proxyClassFile =ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(
                proxyName, new Class[]{clazz});
        String paths = clazz.getResource(".").getPath();
        System.out.println(paths);
        FileOutputStream out = null;

        try {
            out = new FileOutputStream(paths+proxyName+".class");
            out.write(proxyClassFile);
            out.flush();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                out.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
image.png image.png

我们找到这个目录,看到一个$Proxy0.class,


image.png

我们再用java反编译工具打开


image.png
代码如下
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.lang.reflect.UndeclaredThrowableException;
import proxy.FruitFactory;

public final class $Proxy0 extends Proxy implements FruitFactory {
  private static Method m1;
  
  private static Method m8;
  
  private static Method m2;
  
  private static Method m3;
  
  private static Method m5;
  
  private static Method m4;
  
  private static Method m7;
  
  private static Method m9;
  
  private static Method m0;
  
  private static Method m6;
  
  public $Proxy0(InvocationHandler paramInvocationHandler) {
    super(paramInvocationHandler);
  }
  
  public final boolean equals(Object paramObject) {
    try {
      return ((Boolean)this.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[] { paramObject })).booleanValue();
    } catch (Error|RuntimeException error) {
      throw null;
    } catch (Throwable throwable) {
      throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
    } 
  }
  
  public final void notify() {
    try {
      this.h.invoke(this, m8, null);
      return;
    } catch (Error|RuntimeException error) {
      throw null;
    } catch (Throwable throwable) {
      throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
    } 
  }
  
  public final String toString() {
    try {
      return (String)this.h.invoke(this, m2, null);
    } catch (Error|RuntimeException error) {
      throw null;
    } catch (Throwable throwable) {
      throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
    } 
  }
  
  public final void saleFruit(int paramInt) {
    try {
      this.h.invoke(this, m3, new Object[] { Integer.valueOf(paramInt) });
      return;
    } catch (Error|RuntimeException error) {
      throw null;
    } catch (Throwable throwable) {
      throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
    } 
  }
  
  public final void wait(long paramLong) throws InterruptedException {
    try {
      this.h.invoke(this, m5, new Object[] { Long.valueOf(paramLong) });
      return;
    } catch (Error|RuntimeException|InterruptedException error) {
      throw null;
    } catch (Throwable throwable) {
      throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
    } 
  }
  
  public final void wait(long paramLong, int paramInt) throws InterruptedException {
    try {
      this.h.invoke(this, m4, new Object[] { Long.valueOf(paramLong), Integer.valueOf(paramInt) });
      return;
    } catch (Error|RuntimeException|InterruptedException error) {
      throw null;
    } catch (Throwable throwable) {
      throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
    } 
  }
  
  public final Class getClass() {
    try {
      return (Class)this.h.invoke(this, m7, null);
    } catch (Error|RuntimeException error) {
      throw null;
    } catch (Throwable throwable) {
      throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
    } 
  }
  
  public final void notifyAll() {
    try {
      this.h.invoke(this, m9, null);
      return;
    } catch (Error|RuntimeException error) {
      throw null;
    } catch (Throwable throwable) {
      throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
    } 
  }
  
  public final int hashCode() {
    try {
      return ((Integer)this.h.invoke(this, m0, null)).intValue();
    } catch (Error|RuntimeException error) {
      throw null;
    } catch (Throwable throwable) {
      throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
    } 
  }
  
  public final void wait() throws InterruptedException {
    try {
      this.h.invoke(this, m6, null);
      return;
    } catch (Error|RuntimeException|InterruptedException error) {
      throw null;
    } catch (Throwable throwable) {
      throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
    } 
  }
  
  static {
    try {
      m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", new Class[] { Class.forName("java.lang.Object") });
      m8 = Class.forName("proxy.FruitFactory").getMethod("notify", new Class[0]);
      m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString", new Class[0]);
      m3 = Class.forName("proxy.FruitFactory").getMethod("saleFruit", new Class[] { int.class });
      m5 = Class.forName("proxy.FruitFactory").getMethod("wait", new Class[] { long.class });
      m4 = Class.forName("proxy.FruitFactory").getMethod("wait", new Class[] { long.class, int.class });
      m7 = Class.forName("proxy.FruitFactory").getMethod("getClass", new Class[0]);
      m9 = Class.forName("proxy.FruitFactory").getMethod("notifyAll", new Class[0]);
      m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode", new Class[0]);
      m6 = Class.forName("proxy.FruitFactory").getMethod("wait", new Class[0]);
      return;
    } catch (NoSuchMethodException noSuchMethodException) {
      throw new NoSuchMethodError(noSuchMethodException.getMessage());
    } catch (ClassNotFoundException classNotFoundException) {
      throw new NoClassDefFoundError(classNotFoundException.getMessage());
    } 
  }
}

从上面的代码可以看出我们创建的动态代理类是派生自Proxy,并且实现了
FruitFactory接口


image.png
image.png

这是接口里的方法,他这里就是通过反射来实现这个方法的,这个h就是Proxy里的InvocationHandler


image.png

在$Proxy0.class里,我们可以看出来,这个class实际功能就和静态代理的代理类是一样的,只是jdk在内部帮我们去动态实现了这个代理类。

最后总结:

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