Elasticsearch第9节 mapping 及数据类型
2019-06-15 本文已影响0人
小超_8b2f
索引的mapping
mapping类似于ddl，创建索引的时候，可以预先指定字段的类型及相关属性。
#索引名/_mapping
GET /lib1/_mapping
{
"lib1" : {
"mappings" : {
"properties" : {
"age" : {
"type" : "long"
},
"doc" : {
"properties" : {
"sex" : {
"type" : "text",
"fields" : {
"keyword" : {
"type" : "keyword",
"ignore_above" : 256
}
}
}
}
},
"name" : {
"type" : "text",
"fields" : {
"keyword" : {
"type" : "keyword",
"ignore_above" : 256
}
}
},
"sex" : {
"type" : "text",
"fields" : {
"keyword" : {
"type" : "keyword",
"ignore_above" : 256
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
1. 核心数据类型
String（text、keyword）
text：
text类型被用来索引长文本，在建立索引前会对这些文本进行分词，转化为词的组合，建立索引。允许es来检索这些词语。text类型不能用来排序和聚合。
keyword：
不需要进行分词。可以被原来检索过滤，排序和聚合。keyword类型字段只能用本身来进行检索。
数字类型：long、integer、short、byte、double、float
日期类型：date
布尔类型：boolean
二进制： binary
2. 复杂数据类型
-
数组类型：不需要专门指定数组元素的type
- 字符型数组：["one" , "two"]
- 整型数组：[1 , 2, 3]
- 数组型数组：[1 , [2, 3]] 等价于 [1, 2, 3]
- 对象数组：[{"name" : "xiaochao", "age":22},{"name" : "xiaoyi", "age":20}]
对象类型（object datatype）：_ object _ 用于单个json对象
嵌套类型（nested datatype）：_ nested _ 用于对象数组
3. 地理位置类型（Geo datatypes）
地理位置类型（Geo-point datatype）：_ geo-point _ 用于经纬度坐标
地理位置类型（Geo-shape datatype）：_ geo-shape _ 用于类似多边形的复杂形状
1. 创建不同的基本类型字段文档
#老版本在索引后还有一级type
#POST /myindex/article/1
POST /myindex/_doc/article1
{
"post_date":"2019-05-10", //注意,日期只能是年-月-日，不能有时分秒
"tile":"java",
"content":"java is the best language",
"id":119,
"test":["hello","world"]
}
POST /myindex/_doc/article2
{
"post_date":"2019-06-10", //注意,日期只能是年-月-日，不能有时分秒
"tile":"html",
"content":"I like html",
"id":120,
"test":["html","good"]
}
POST /myindex/_doc/article3
{
"post_date":"2019-06-15", //注意,日期只能是年-月-日，不能有时分秒
"tile":"es",
"content":"es is a new tool",
"id":121,
"test":["elasticsearch","very good"]
}
2. 通过映射 _mapping 查看数据类型
#老版本: GET /索引/type/_mapping
GET /myindex/_mapping
{
"myindex" : {
"mappings" : {
"properties" : {
"content" : {
"type" : "text",
"fields" : {
"keyword" : {
"type" : "keyword",
"ignore_above" : 256
}
}
},
"id" : {
"type" : "long"
},
"post_date" : {
"type" : "date"
},
"test" : {
"type" : "text",
"fields" : {
"keyword" : {
"type" : "keyword",
"ignore_above" : 256
}
}
},
"tile" : {
"type" : "text",
"fields" : {
"keyword" : {
"type" : "keyword",
"ignore_above" : 256
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
3. 通过 _search 查看索引下的所有文档
//
#老版本: GET /索引/type/_search
GET /myindex/_search
{
"took" : 4, #查询耗时4毫秒
"timed_out" : false, # 是否超时
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1, #分片数
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 3,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 1.0,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "myindex",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "article1",
"_score" : 1.0, # 查出来的文档和查询条件的匹配度
"_source" : {
"post_date" : "2019-05-10",
"tile" : "java",
"content" : "java is the best language",
"id" : 119,
"test" : [
"hello",
"world"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "myindex",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "article2",
"_score" : 1.0, # 查出来的文档和查询条件的匹配度
"_source" : {
"post_date" : "2019-06-10",
"tile" : "html",
"content" : "I like html",
"id" : 120,
"test" : [
"html",
"good"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "myindex",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "article3",
"_score" : 1.0, # 查出来的文档和查询条件的匹配度
"_source" : {
"post_date" : "2019-06-15",
"tile" : "es",
"content" : "es is a new tool",
"id" : 121,
"test" : [
"elasticsearch",
"very good"
]
}
}
]
}
}
4. 按条件检索：_search?q=column:val
//按条件检索
#查不到数据，因为没有对日期类型数据进行分词
GET /myindex/_search?q=post_date:2019
#能查出数据
GET /myindex/_search?q=post_date:2019-06-15
#能查出数据，因为content是text类型，有进行分词,排序
GET /myindex/_search?q=content:html&sort=post_date:desc
5. object类型及底层存储格式
//
PUT /lib5/_doc/person1
{
"name":"Tom",
"age":25,
"birthday":"1985-12-12",
"address":{
"country":"china",
"province":"guangdong",
"city":"shenzhen"
}
}
GET /lib5/_mapping
#底层存储格式
{
"name":["Tom"],
"age":[25],
"birthday":["1985-12-12"],
"address.country":["china"],
"address.province":["guangdong"],
"address.city":["shenzhen"]
}
}
PUT /lib5/_doc/persons1
{
"persons":[
{"name":"lisi","age":27},
{"name":"wangwu","age":26},
{"name":"zhaoliu","age":23}
]
}
GET /lib5/_mapping
#底层存储
{
"persons.name":["lisi","wangwu","zhaoliu"],
"persons.age"[27,26,23]
}
6. 手动创建mapping
//手动创建mapping
DELETE lib5
#手动创建mapping
PUT /lib5
{
"settings": {
"number_of_shards": 3,
"number_of_replicas": 0
},
"mappings": {
"properties": {
"age" : {"type" : "long"},
"birthday" : {"type" : "date","index": false}, #不希望建立倒排索引
"name" : {
"type" : "text",
"fields" : {
"keyword" : {
"type" : "keyword",
"ignore_above" : 256
}
}
},
"content":{"type":"text","analyzer": "standard"},
"price":{"type": "double"},
"number":{"type": "integer"}
}
}
}
GET /lib5/_mapping
