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用Mantle构建Model层

2014-11-04  本文已影响8735人  ch32053

在项目开发过程中,经常要自定义Model,然后在请求服务器得到数据后(一般是Json数据),用字典取值的方式给自定义的Model赋值,封装成数据对象。这样做有几个问题:

庆幸的是,伟大的github工程师们在OC平台上提供了一个设计优化、高度统一的框架Mantle来解决这些问题。

Mantle为我们带来的:

Model的基本用法

自定义的Model

自定义的Model都需要集成自MTLModel,并且实现MTLJSONSerializing协议,例如下面的:

typedef enum : NSUInteger {
    GHIssueStateOpen,
    GHIssueStateClosed
} GHIssueState;

@interface GHIssue : MTLModel <MTLJSONSerializing>

@property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) NSURL *URL;
@property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) NSURL *HTMLURL;
@property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) NSNumber *number;
@property (nonatomic, assign, readonly) GHIssueState state;
@property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) NSString *reporterLogin;
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) GHUser *assignee;
@property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) NSDate *updatedAt;

@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *title;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *body;

@property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) NSDate *retrievedAt;

@end

m 文件如下

@implementation GHIssue

+ (NSDateFormatter *)dateFormatter {
    NSDateFormatter *dateFormatter = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
    dateFormatter.locale = [[NSLocale alloc] initWithLocaleIdentifier:@"en_US_POSIX"];
    dateFormatter.dateFormat = @"yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss'Z'";
    return dateFormatter;
}

+ (NSDictionary *)JSONKeyPathsByPropertyKey {
    return @{
        @"URL": @"url",
        @"HTMLURL": @"html_url",
        @"reporterLogin": @"user.login",
        @"assignee": @"assignee",
        @"updatedAt": @"updated_at"
};
}

+ (NSValueTransformer *)URLJSONTransformer {
    return [NSValueTransformer valueTransformerForName:MTLURLValueTransformerName];
}

+ (NSValueTransformer *)HTMLURLJSONTransformer {
    return [NSValueTransformer valueTransformerForName:MTLURLValueTransformerName];
}

+ (NSValueTransformer *)stateJSONTransformer {
    return [NSValueTransformer mtl_valueMappingTransformerWithDictionary:@{
        @"open": @(GHIssueStateOpen),
        @"closed": @(GHIssueStateClosed)
    }];
}

+ (NSValueTransformer *)assigneeJSONTransformer {
    return [NSValueTransformer mtl_JSONDictionaryTransformerWithModelClass:GHUser.class];
}

+ (NSValueTransformer *)updatedAtJSONTransformer {
    return [MTLValueTransformer reversibleTransformerWithForwardBlock:^(NSString *str) {
        return [self.dateFormatter dateFromString:str];
    } reverseBlock:^(NSDate *date) {
        return [self.dateFormatter stringFromDate:date];
    }];
}

- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(NSDictionary *)dictionaryValue error:(NSError **)error {
    self = [super initWithDictionary:dictionaryValue error:error];
    if (self == nil) return nil;

    // Store a value that needs to be determined locally upon initialization.
    _retrievedAt = [NSDate date];

    return self;
}

@end

MTLJSONSerializing

继承自MTLModel并实现了MTLJSONSerializing协议的对象可以这样转换

从字典数据(JSONDictionary表示字典元数据)到 Model:

NSError *error = nil;
XYUser *user = [MTLJSONAdapter modelOfClass:XYUser.class    fromJSONDictionary:JSONDictionary error:&error]; 

从Model到JSONDictionary数据

NSDictionary *JSONDictionary = [MTLJSONAdapter JSONDictionaryFromModel:user];
+ (NSDictionary *)JSONKeyPathsByPropertyKey;用法如下:
@interface XYUser : MTLModel

@property (readonly, nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
@property (readonly, nonatomic, strong) NSDate *createdAt;

@property (readonly, nonatomic, assign, getter = isMeUser) BOOL meUser;
@property (readonly, nonatomic, strong) XYHelper *helper;

@end

@implementation XYUser

+ (NSDictionary *)JSONKeyPathsByPropertyKey {
    return @{
        @"createdAt": @"created_at",
        @"meUser": NSNull.null
    };
}

- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(NSDictionary *)dictionaryValue error:(NSError **)error {
    self = [super initWithDictionary:dictionaryValue error:error];
    if (self == nil) return nil;

    _helper = [XYHelper helperWithName:self.name createdAt:self.createdAt];

    return self;
}

@end

返回的字典用来指定该Model的属性从字典里面怎么取值,比如createdAt是从字典里面取created_at字段,指定@"meUser": NSNull.null表示不从字典里面取值,没有在上面列出的Model属性取和属性同名的字典字段(比如name就从字典里面取name字段)。

+JSONTransformerForKey: 用法
+ (NSValueTransformer *)JSONTransformerForKey:(NSString *)key {
    if ([key isEqualToString:@"createdAt"]) {
        return [NSValueTransformer valueTransformerForName:XYDateValueTransformerName];
    }

    return nil;
}

实现上面的方法,用来指定属性从字典数据里面取出来的是什么类型的数据。比如上面createdAt属性从字典里面取值后会自动转换为Date类型。

如果有很多类型需要指定取值类型,那岂不有很多if,这太不优雅了!Mantle提供了更优雅的方法:实现类似+<key>JSONTransformer的方法,来指定某个属性从字典里面取值后的类型(或怎么取值):

+ (NSValueTransformer *)createdAtJSONTransformer {
    return [MTLValueTransformer reversibleTransformerWithForwardBlock:^(NSString *str) {
        return [self.dateFormatter dateFromString:str];
    } reverseBlock:^(NSDate *date) {
        return [self.dateFormatter stringFromDate:date];
    }];
}
+classForParsingJSONDictionary: 用法

当你自定义了一组Model,实现+classForParsingJSONDictionary:方法可以指定在转换deserializing字典的时候,用那个Model class

@interface XYMessage : MTLModel

@end

@interface XYTextMessage: XYMessage

@property (readonly, nonatomic, copy) NSString *body;

@end

@interface XYPictureMessage : XYMessage

@property (readonly, nonatomic, strong) NSURL *imageURL;

@end

@implementation XYMessage

+ (Class)classForParsingJSONDictionary:(NSDictionary *)JSONDictionary {
    if (JSONDictionary[@"image_url"] != nil) {
        return XYPictureMessage.class;
    }

    if (JSONDictionary[@"body"] != nil) {
        return XYTextMessage.class;
    }

    NSAssert(NO, @"No matching class for the JSON dictionary '%@'.",       JSONDictionary);
    return self;
}

@end

MTLJSONAdapter 会根据你传入的字典数据实例化合适的类。

NSDictionary *textMessage = @{
    @"id": @1,
    @"body": @"Hello World!"
};

NSDictionary *pictureMessage = @{
    @"id": @2,
    @"image_url": @"http://example.com/lolcat.gif"
};

XYTextMessage *messageA = [MTLJSONAdapter modelOfClass:XYMessage.class  fromJSONDictionary:textMessage error:NULL];

XYPictureMessage *messageB = [MTLJSONAdapter modelOfClass:XYMessage.class   fromJSONDictionary:pictureMessage error:NULL];

Mantle代码托管在:https://github.com/Mantle/Mantle

唱吧6.0版本使用Mantle后,据说:crash率比之前的版本有显示的降低,并且Mantle相关的crash占总crash的比率不到3%,点这里查看更多关于唱吧使用Mantle后的总结
本文在:http://wangyangyang.gitcafe.com/2014/11/04/用Mantle构建Model层/上面也有发表

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