Httpclient 上传下载多媒体文件

apache下的httpclient工具可大大简化开发过程中的点对点通信，本人将以微信多媒体接口为例，展示httpclient多媒体的上传下载，本示例基于httpclient4.5。

---

• 上传多媒体文件函数

/**
     * HttpClient POST请求 ,上传多媒体文件
     *
     * @param url 请求地址
     * @param filePath 多媒体文件绝对路径
     * @return 多媒体文件ID
     * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
     * @author Jie
     * @date 2015-2-12
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("resource")
    public static String postForUploadStream(String url, String filePath) throws IOException {
        log.info("------------------------------HttpClient POST开始-------------------------------");
        log.info("POST:" + url);
        log.info("filePath:" + filePath);
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(url)) {
            log.error("post请求不合法，请检查uri参数!");
            return null;
        }
        StringBuilder content = new StringBuilder();

        // 模拟表单上传 POST 提交主体内容
        String boundary = "-----------------------------" + new Date().getTime();
        // 待上传的文件
        File file = new File(filePath);

        if (!file.exists() || file.isDirectory()) {
            log.error(filePath + ":不是一个有效的文件路径");
            return null;
        }

        // 响应内容
        String respContent = null;

        InputStream is = null;
        OutputStream os = null;
        BufferedInputStream bis = null;
        File tempFile = null;
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
        HttpPost httpPost = null;
        try {
            // 创建临时文件，将post内容保存到该临时文件下，临时文件保存在系统默认临时目录下，使用系统默认文件名称
            tempFile = File.createTempFile(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy_MM_dd").format(new Date()), null);
            os = new FileOutputStream(tempFile);
            is = new FileInputStream(file);

            os.write(("--" + boundary + "\r\n").getBytes());
            os.write(String.format(
                    "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"media\"; filename=\"" + file.getName() + "\"\r\n")
                    .getBytes());
            os.write(String.format("Content-Type: %s\r\n\r\n", FileHelper.getMimeType(file)).getBytes());

            // 读取上传文件
            bis = new BufferedInputStream(is);
            byte[] buff = new byte[8096];
            int len = 0;
            while ((len = bis.read(buff)) != -1) {
                os.write(buff, 0, len);
            }

            os.write(("\r\n--" + boundary + "--\r\n").getBytes());

            httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
            // 创建POST请求
            httpPost = new HttpPost(url);

            // 创建请求实体
            FileEntity reqEntity = new FileEntity(tempFile, ContentType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA);

            // 设置请求编码
            reqEntity.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
            httpPost.setEntity(reqEntity);
            // 执行请求
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            // 获取响应内容
            respContent = repsonse(response);
            if(respContent.startsWith("code")) {
                log.info("resp：" + respContent);
                throw new RuntimeException("请求失败，请检查URL地址和请求参数...");
            }
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (bis != null) {
                bis.close();
            }

            if (is != null) {
                is.close();
            }

            if (os != null) {
                os.close();
            }

            if (httpPost != null) {
                httpPost.releaseConnection();
            }

            if (httpClient != null) {
                httpClient.close();
            }
        }
        log.info("resp：" + respContent);
        log.info("------------------------------HttpClient POST结束-------------------------------");
        return respContent;
    }

---

• 下载多媒体文件主函数

/**
     * HttpClient GET请求，可接受普通文本JSON等
     *
     * @param uri Y 请求URL，参数封装
     * @return 响应字符串
     * @author Jie
     * @date 2015-2-12
     */
    public static String getForDownloadStream(String uri, String targetPath) throws IOException {
        log.info("------------------------------HttpClient GET BEGIN-------------------------------");
        log.info("GET:" + uri);
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(uri) || StringUtils.isBlank(targetPath)) {
            throw new RuntimeException(" uri or targetPath parameter is null or is empty!");
        }
        // 创建GET请求
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        HttpGet httpGet = null;
        String respContent = "";
        try {
            httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
            StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();
            int statusCode = statusLine.getStatusCode();// 响应码
            String reasonPhrase = statusLine.getReasonPhrase();// 响应信息
            if (statusCode == 200) {// 请求成功
                // 获取响应MineType
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                ContentType contentType = ContentType.get(entity);
                if (mineTypeList.contains(contentType.getMimeType().toLowerCase())) {
                    log.info("MineType:" + contentType.getMimeType());

                    if (targetPath.contains(".")) {
                        targetPath = targetPath.substring(0, targetPath.lastIndexOf(".")) + "."
                                + contentType.getMimeType().split("/")[1];
                    } else if (targetPath.endsWith(File.separator)) {
                        targetPath += UUID.randomUUID().toString() + "." + contentType.getMimeType().split("/")[1];
                    } else {
                        targetPath += File.separator + UUID.randomUUID().toString() + "."
                                + contentType.getMimeType().split("/")[1];
                    }
                    // 写入磁盘
                    respContent = FileHelper.writeFile(entity.getContent(), targetPath);
                } else {
                    respContent = repsonse(response);
                }
            } else {
                log.error("resp：code[" + statusCode + "],desc[" + reasonPhrase + "]");
                throw new RuntimeException("请求失败，请检查请求地址及参数");
            }
        } finally {
            if (httpGet != null)
                httpGet.releaseConnection();
            if (httpClient != null)
                // noinspection ThrowFromFinallyBlock
                httpClient.close();
        }
        log.info("resp：" + respContent);
        log.info("------------------------------HttpClient GET END-------------------------------");
        return respContent;
    }

---

• 微信示例测试

• 上传

  
  上传到微信服务器

• 下载

  
  从微信服务器下载到本地

---

• 最后，附上完整的工具类

package org.os.tools;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.apache.http.*;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.FileEntity;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import java.io.*;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;
/**
 * 常用工具类：Apache HttpClient工具
 *
 * @author Jie
 * @date 2015-2-12
 * @since JDK1.6
 */
public class HttpClientHelper {

    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(HttpClientHelper.class);

    private static List<String> mineTypeList = new ArrayList<String>();

    static {
        mineTypeList.add("application/octet-stream");
        mineTypeList.add("application/pdf");
        mineTypeList.add("application/msword");

        mineTypeList.add("image/png");
        mineTypeList.add("image/jpg");
        mineTypeList.add("image/jpeg");
        mineTypeList.add("image/gif");
        mineTypeList.add("image/bmp");

        mineTypeList.add("audio/amr");
        mineTypeList.add("audio/mp3");
        mineTypeList.add("audio/aac");
        mineTypeList.add("audio/wma");
        mineTypeList.add("audio/wav");

        mineTypeList.add("video/mpeg");
    }

    /***
     * HttpClient GET请求，Header参数
     *
     * @param uri 请求地址
     * @param name 参数名称
     * @param value 参数值
     * @return 响应字符串
     * @author Jie
     * @date 2015年7月7日
     */
    public static String getMethod(String uri, String name, String value) throws IOException {
        log.info("------------------------------HttpClient GET BEGIN-------------------------------");
        log.info("GET:" + uri);
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(uri)) {
            throw new RuntimeException(" uri parameter is null or is empty!");
        }
        log.info("req:[" + name + "=" + value + "]");
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
        HttpGet httpGet = null;
        String respContent = null;
        try {
            // 创建GET请求
            httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
            httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);
            httpGet.addHeader(name, value);
            // 提交GET请求
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
            // 获取响应内容
            respContent = repsonse(response);
            if (respContent.startsWith("code")) {
                log.info("resp：" + respContent);
                throw new RuntimeException("请求失败，请检查URL地址和请求参数...");
            }
        } finally {
            if (httpGet != null) {
                httpGet.releaseConnection();
            }
            if (httpClient != null) {
                httpClient.close();
            }
        }
        log.info("resp：" + respContent);
        log.info("------------------------------HttpClient GET END-------------------------------");
        return respContent;
    }

    /**
     * HttpClient GET请求，可接受普通文本JSON等
     *
     * @param uri Y 请求URL，参数封装
     * @return 响应字符串
     * @author Jie
     * @date 2015-2-12
     */
    public static String getMethod(String uri) throws IOException {
        log.info("------------------------------HttpClient GET BEGIN-------------------------------");
        log.info("GET:" + uri);
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(uri)) {
            throw new RuntimeException(" uri parameter is null or is empty!");
        }
        // 创建GET请求
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        HttpGet httpGet = null;
        String respContent = "";
        try {
            httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
            StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();
            int statusCode = statusLine.getStatusCode();// 响应码
            String reasonPhrase = statusLine.getReasonPhrase();// 响应信息
            if (statusCode == 200) {// 请求成功
                // 获取响应MineType
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                ContentType contentType = ContentType.get(entity);
                if (mineTypeList.contains(contentType.getMimeType().toLowerCase())) {// 下载失败
                    log.info("MineType:" + contentType.getMimeType());
                } else {
                    respContent = repsonse(response);
                }
            } else {
                log.error("resp：code[" + statusCode + "],desc[" + reasonPhrase + "]");
                throw new RuntimeException("请求失败，请检查请求地址及参数");
            }
        } finally {
            if (httpGet != null)
                httpGet.releaseConnection();
            if (httpClient != null)
                // noinspection ThrowFromFinallyBlock
                httpClient.close();
        }
        log.info("resp：" + respContent);
        log.info("------------------------------HttpClient GET END-------------------------------");
        return respContent;
    }

    /**
     * HttpClient GET请求，可接受普通文本JSON等
     *
     * @param uri Y 请求URL，参数封装
     * @return 响应字符串
     * @author Jie
     * @date 2015-2-12
     */
    public static String getForDownloadStream(String uri, String targetPath) throws IOException {
        log.info("------------------------------HttpClient GET BEGIN-------------------------------");
        log.info("GET:" + uri);
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(uri) || StringUtils.isBlank(targetPath)) {
            throw new RuntimeException(" uri or targetPath parameter is null or is empty!");
        }
        // 创建GET请求
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        HttpGet httpGet = null;
        String respContent = "";
        try {
            httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
            StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();
            int statusCode = statusLine.getStatusCode();// 响应码
            String reasonPhrase = statusLine.getReasonPhrase();// 响应信息
            if (statusCode == 200) {// 请求成功
                // 获取响应MineType
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                ContentType contentType = ContentType.get(entity);
                if (mineTypeList.contains(contentType.getMimeType().toLowerCase())) {
                    log.info("MineType:" + contentType.getMimeType());

                    if (targetPath.contains(".")) {
                        targetPath = targetPath.substring(0, targetPath.lastIndexOf(".")) + "."
                                + contentType.getMimeType().split("/")[1];
                    } else if (targetPath.endsWith(File.separator)) {
                        targetPath += UUID.randomUUID().toString() + "." + contentType.getMimeType().split("/")[1];
                    } else {
                        targetPath += File.separator + UUID.randomUUID().toString() + "."
                                + contentType.getMimeType().split("/")[1];
                    }
                    // 写入磁盘
                    respContent = FileHelper.writeFile(entity.getContent(), targetPath);
                } else {
                    respContent = repsonse(response);
                }
            } else {
                log.error("resp：code[" + statusCode + "],desc[" + reasonPhrase + "]");
                throw new RuntimeException("请求失败，请检查请求地址及参数");
            }
        } finally {
            if (httpGet != null)
                httpGet.releaseConnection();
            if (httpClient != null)
                // noinspection ThrowFromFinallyBlock
                httpClient.close();
        }
        log.info("resp：" + respContent);
        log.info("------------------------------HttpClient GET END-------------------------------");
        return respContent;
    }

    /**
     * HttpClient POST请求 ,传参方式：key-value
     *
     * @param uri 请求地址
     * @param params 参数列表
     * @return 响应字符串
     * @author Jie
     * @date 2015-2-12
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("ThrowFromFinallyBlock")
    public static String postMethod(String uri, List<NameValuePair> params) throws IOException {
        log.info("------------------------------HttpClient POST BEGIN-------------------------------");
        log.info("POST:" + uri);
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(uri)) {
            throw new RuntimeException(" uri parameter is null or is empty!");
        }
        log.info("req:" + params);
        // 创建GET请求
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        HttpPost httpPost = null;
        String respContent = null;
        try {
            httpPost = new HttpPost(uri);
            httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, Consts.UTF_8));
            // 执行请求
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            // 获取响应内容
            respContent = repsonse(response);
            if (respContent.startsWith("code")) {
                log.info("resp：" + respContent);
                throw new RuntimeException("请求失败，请检查URL地址和请求参数...");
            }
        } finally {
            close(null, null, null, httpPost, httpClient);
        }
        log.info("resp：" + respContent);
        log.info("------------------------------HttpClient POST END-------------------------------");
        return respContent;
    }

    /**
     * HttpClient POST请求 ,上传多媒体文件
     *
     * @param url 请求地址
     * @param filePath 多媒体文件绝对路径
     * @return 多媒体文件ID
     * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
     * @author Jie
     * @date 2015-2-12
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("resource")
    public static String postForUploadStream(String url, String filePath) throws IOException {
        log.info("------------------------------HttpClient POST开始-------------------------------");
        log.info("POST:" + url);
        log.info("filePath:" + filePath);
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(url)) {
            log.error("post请求不合法，请检查uri参数!");
            return null;
        }
        StringBuilder content = new StringBuilder();

        // 模拟表单上传 POST 提交主体内容
        String boundary = "-----------------------------" + new Date().getTime();
        // 待上传的文件
        File file = new File(filePath);

        if (!file.exists() || file.isDirectory()) {
            log.error(filePath + ":不是一个有效的文件路径");
            return null;
        }

        // 响应内容
        String respContent = null;

        InputStream is = null;
        OutputStream os = null;
        BufferedInputStream bis = null;
        File tempFile = null;
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
        HttpPost httpPost = null;
        try {
            // 创建临时文件，将post内容保存到该临时文件下，临时文件保存在系统默认临时目录下，使用系统默认文件名称
            tempFile = File.createTempFile(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy_MM_dd").format(new Date()), null);
            os = new FileOutputStream(tempFile);
            is = new FileInputStream(file);

            os.write(("--" + boundary + "\r\n").getBytes());
            os.write(String.format(
                    "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"media\"; filename=\"" + file.getName() + "\"\r\n")
                    .getBytes());
            os.write(String.format("Content-Type: %s\r\n\r\n", FileHelper.getMimeType(file)).getBytes());

            // 读取上传文件
            bis = new BufferedInputStream(is);
            byte[] buff = new byte[8096];
            int len = 0;
            while ((len = bis.read(buff)) != -1) {
                os.write(buff, 0, len);
            }

            os.write(("\r\n--" + boundary + "--\r\n").getBytes());

            httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
            // 创建POST请求
            httpPost = new HttpPost(url);

            // 创建请求实体
            FileEntity reqEntity = new FileEntity(tempFile, ContentType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA);

            // 设置请求编码
            reqEntity.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
            httpPost.setEntity(reqEntity);
            // 执行请求
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            // 获取响应内容
            respContent = repsonse(response);
            if(respContent.startsWith("code")) {
                log.info("resp：" + respContent);
                throw new RuntimeException("请求失败，请检查URL地址和请求参数...");
            }
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (bis != null) {
                bis.close();
            }

            if (is != null) {
                is.close();
            }

            if (os != null) {
                os.close();
            }

            if (httpPost != null) {
                httpPost.releaseConnection();
            }

            if (httpClient != null) {
                httpClient.close();
            }
        }
        log.info("resp：" + respContent);
        log.info("------------------------------HttpClient POST结束-------------------------------");
        return respContent;
    }

    /**
     * 获取响应内容，针对MimeType为text/plan、text/json格式
     *
     * @param response HttpResponse对象
     * @return 转为UTF-8的字符串
     * @author Jie
     * @date 2015-2-28
     */
    private static String repsonse(HttpResponse response) throws ParseException, IOException {
        StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();
        int statusCode = statusLine.getStatusCode();// 响应码
        String reasonPhrase = statusLine.getReasonPhrase();// 响应信息
        StringBuilder content = new StringBuilder();
        if (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {// 请求成功
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            ContentType contentType = ContentType.get(entity);
            log.info("MineType：" + contentType.getMimeType());
            content.append(EntityUtils.toString(entity, Consts.UTF_8));
        } else {
            content.append("code[").append(statusCode).append("],desc[").append(reasonPhrase).append("]");
        }
        return content.toString().replace("\r\n", "").replace("\n", "");
    }

    // 释放资源
    private static void close(File tempFile, OutputStream os, InputStream is, HttpPost httpPost,
            CloseableHttpClient httpClient) throws IOException {
        if (tempFile != null && tempFile.exists() && !tempFile.delete()) {
            tempFile.deleteOnExit();
        }
        if (os != null) {
            os.close();
        }
        if (is != null) {
            is.close();
        }
        if (httpPost != null) {
            // 释放资源
            httpPost.releaseConnection();
        }
        if (httpClient != null) {
            httpClient.close();
        }
    }

    /**
     * HttpClient POST请求 ,可接受普通字符响应，也可支持下载多媒体文件
     *
     * @param uri Y 请求地址
     * @param params Y 请求参数串，推荐使用JSON格式
     * @return 响应字符串
     * @author Jie
     * @date 2016年4月8日
     */
    public static String postMethod(String uri, String params) throws IOException {
        log.info("------------------------------HttpClient POST BEGIN-------------------------------");
        log.info("uri:" + uri);
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(uri)) {
            throw new RuntimeException(" uri parameter is null or is empty!");
        }
        // 响应内容
        InputStream is = null;
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
        HttpPost httpPost = null;
        String respContent = "";
        try {

            httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
            // 创建POST请求
            httpPost = new HttpPost(uri);
            httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(params, Consts.UTF_8));
            // 执行请求
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            // 获取响应信息
            StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();
            int statusCode = statusLine.getStatusCode();
            String reasonPhrase = statusLine.getReasonPhrase();// 响应信息
            if (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {// 请求成功
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                ContentType contentType = ContentType.get(entity);
                if (mineTypeList.contains(contentType.getMimeType().toLowerCase())) {
                    log.info("MineType ：" + contentType.getMimeType());
                    respContent = StreamHelper.read(entity.getContent());
                } else {
                    // 获取响应内容
                    respContent = repsonse(response);
                    if (respContent.startsWith("code")) {
                        log.info("resp：" + respContent);
                        throw new RuntimeException("请求失败，请检查URL地址和请求参数...");
                    }
                }
            } else {
                log.error("code[" + statusCode + "],desc[" + reasonPhrase + "]");
                throw new RuntimeException("请求失败，请检查请求地址或请求参数");
            }
        } finally {
            // noinspection ThrowFromFinallyBlock
            close(null, null, is, httpPost, httpClient);
        }
        log.info("resp：" + respContent);
        log.info("------------------------------HttpClient POST END-------------------------------");
        return respContent;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String s = String.format("asdlkfajfk%naskdfjdlksaf");
        System.out.println(s);
    }
}

---

• 写入文件函数

/**
     * 写入文件到目标磁盘中
     * 
     * @param in 文件输入流
     * @param targetPath 文件存放目标绝对路径(包含文件)
     * @return
     * @author Jie
     * @throws Exception
     * @date 2015-2-12
     */
    public static String writeFile(InputStream in, String targetPath) throws IOException {
        if (in == null) {
            log.error("The InputStream is null");
            return "未能获取到输入流";
        }
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(targetPath)) {
            log.error("The targetPath is null");
            return "文件保存路径不可为空";
        }
        OutputStream os = null;
        try {
            File file = new File(targetPath);
            if (file.isDirectory()) {
                return "保存的文件应是一个文件，而非一个目录";
            }
            os = new FileOutputStream(file);
            int len = 0;
            byte[] ch = new byte[1024];
            while ((len = in.read(ch)) != -1) {
                os.write(ch, 0, len);
            }
            log.info("File save success : " + file.getAbsolutePath());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return "保存文件到磁盘异常：" + e.getMessage();
        } finally {
            close(os, null);
        }
        return "成功";
    }

• 获取文件MineType

/** 
     * 获文件类型
     * @param file 目标文件
     * @return MimeType
     * @author Jie
     * @date 2015-2-28
*/
public static String getMimeType(File file) {
    return new MimetypesFileTypeMap().getContentType(file);
}