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开源JsBridge项目源码解析

2018-11-07  本文已影响34人  JasmineBen

什么是JsBridge?

App开发中通过native+H5的方式实现一些开发,这就需要一个中间组件来实现Native和H5之间的交互,这就是JsBridge。本文对 开源JsBridge 项目的源码进行分析。
JsBridge交互分为native调用H5和H5调用native两部分,该项目的类图如下所示:

JsBridge类图.png
BridgeWebView

BridgeWebView继承自WebView,并实现了WebViewJavascriptBridge接口,用于加载H5。要实现native和H5之间的互通,首先需要在native和H5之间建立一种协议,双方在通信时都得遵循这个协议,这个协议就是"WebViewJavascriptBridge.js。BridgeWebView加载H5时首先需要加载这个js脚本:

   private void init() {
        this.setVerticalScrollBarEnabled(false);
        this.setHorizontalScrollBarEnabled(false);
        this.getSettings().setJavaScriptEnabled(true);
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
            WebView.setWebContentsDebuggingEnabled(true);
        }
        this.setWebViewClient(generateBridgeWebViewClient());
    }
    protected BridgeWebViewClient generateBridgeWebViewClient() {
        return new BridgeWebViewClient(this);
    }

协议的加载就在BridgeWebViewClient.onPageFinish中

    public static final String toLoadJs = "WebViewJavascriptBridge.js";
    @Override
    public void onPageFinished(WebView view, String url) {
        super.onPageFinished(view, url);
        if (BridgeWebView.toLoadJs != null) {
            BridgeUtil.webViewLoadLocalJs(view, BridgeWebView.toLoadJs);
        }
    }

BridgeUtil.webViewLoadLocalJs:

    //在H5界面加载完成后加载WebViewJavascriptBridge.js文件
    public static void webViewLoadLocalJs(WebView view, String path){
        String jsContent = assetFile2Str(view.getContext(), path);
        view.loadUrl("javascript:" + jsContent);
    }
      
    public static String assetFile2Str(Context c, String urlStr){
        InputStream in = null;
        try{
            in = c.getAssets().open(urlStr);
            BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
            String line = null;
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            do {
                line = bufferedReader.readLine();
                if (line != null && !line.matches("^\\s*\\/\\/.*")) { // 去除注释
                    sb.append(line);
                }
            } while (line != null);

            bufferedReader.close();
            in.close();
 
            return sb.toString();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if(in != null) {
                try {
                    in.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                }
            }
        }
        return null;
    }
WebViewJavascriptBridge.js到底长啥样?

 (function() {
    if (window.WebViewJavascriptBridge) {
        return;
    }
    //通过设置messagingIframe.src触发WebView的shouldOverrideUrlLoading,
    //告知native H5有消息,注意这里并没有携带消息体
    //url为yy://__QUEUE_MESSAGE__/
    var messagingIframe;
    //bizMessagingIframe.src触发WebView的shouldOverrideUrlLoading,
    //告知native H5有消息,注意这里会携带消息体
    //url为yy://://return/_fetchQueue/消息体json字符串
    var bizMessagingIframe;
    var sendMessageQueue = [];//H5发送给native的消息队列
    var receiveMessageQueue = [];/H5接受到native的消息队列
    var messageHandlers = {};//H5注册给Js的处理器,用于处理native发来的消息

    var CUSTOM_PROTOCOL_SCHEME = 'yy';
    var QUEUE_HAS_MESSAGE = '__QUEUE_MESSAGE__/';
    //H5将消息发送给native,如果H5需要接受native的反馈,就需要提供一个callback
    //responseCallbacks中保存着H5提供的回调,以key-value的形式保存,key对应callbackId,value对应着回调
    var responseCallbacks = {};
    var uniqueId = 1;

    // 创建消息index队列iframe
    function _createQueueReadyIframe(doc) {
        messagingIframe = doc.createElement('iframe');
        messagingIframe.style.display = 'none';
        doc.documentElement.appendChild(messagingIframe);
    }
    //创建消息体队列iframe
    function _createQueueReadyIframe4biz(doc) {
        bizMessagingIframe = doc.createElement('iframe');
        bizMessagingIframe.style.display = 'none';
        doc.documentElement.appendChild(bizMessagingIframe);
    }
    //set default messageHandler  初始化默认的消息线程
    function init(messageHandler) {
        if (WebViewJavascriptBridge._messageHandler) {
            throw new Error('WebViewJavascriptBridge.init called twice');
        }
        WebViewJavascriptBridge._messageHandler = messageHandler;
        var receivedMessages = receiveMessageQueue;
        receiveMessageQueue = null;
        //初始化时查看是否已经有native消息过来了,有的话需要处理
        for (var i = 0; i < receivedMessages.length; i++) {
            _dispatchMessageFromNative(receivedMessages[i]);
        }
    }

    //H5发送data给native,提供给H5使用
    function send(data, responseCallback) {
        _doSend({
            data: data
        }, responseCallback);
    }

    //H5注册处理器,native发送消息来的时候取handlerName对应的handler进行处理
    function registerHandler(handlerName, handler) {
        messageHandlers[handlerName] = handler;
    }
    //ja提供给H5调用,指定了handlerName
    function callHandler(handlerName, data, responseCallback) {
        _doSend({
            handlerName: handlerName,
            data: data
        }, responseCallback);
    }

    //H5发送消息给native native处理
    function _doSend(message, responseCallback) {
        if (responseCallback) {
            var callbackId = 'cb_' + (uniqueId++) + '_' + new Date().getTime();
            responseCallbacks[callbackId] = responseCallback;
            message.callbackId = callbackId;
        }

        sendMessageQueue.push(message);
        //触发shouldOverrideUrlLoading="yy://__QUEUE_MESSAGE__/"
        messagingIframe.src = CUSTOM_PROTOCOL_SCHEME + '://' + QUEUE_HAS_MESSAGE;
    }

    // 提供给native调用,该函数作用:获取sendMessageQueue返回给native
    // shouldOverrideUrlLoading在检测到"yy://__QUEUE_MESSAGE__/"调用javascript:WebViewJavascriptBridge._fetchQueue();
    function _fetchQueue() {
        var messageQueueString = JSON.stringify(sendMessageQueue);
        sendMessageQueue = [];
        //触发shouldOverrideUrlLoading="yy://://return/_fetchQueue/消息体json字符串"
        bizMessagingIframe.src = CUSTOM_PROTOCOL_SCHEME + '://return/_fetchQueue/' + encodeURIComponent(messageQueueString);
    }

    //提供给native使用,native通过"javascript:WebViewJavascriptBridge._handleMessageFromNative('%s');"调用到
    function _dispatchMessageFromNative(messageJSON) {
        setTimeout(function() {
            //解析native传来的数据
            var message = JSON.parse(messageJSON);
            var responseCallback;
            //native调用js,如果传来的消息有responseId,说明这个消息是js调用native后native返回的
            //需要回调js的callback
            if (message.responseId) {
                responseCallback = responseCallbacks[message.responseId];
                if (!responseCallback) {
                    return;
                }
                responseCallback(message.responseData);
                delete responseCallbacks[message.responseId];
            } else {//native直接调用js的消息
                //callbackId不为空,说明需要回调native
                if (message.callbackId) {
                    var callbackResponseId = message.callbackId;
                    //通过_doSend将消息返回给native
                    responseCallback = function(responseData) {
                        _doSend({
                            responseId: callbackResponseId,
                            responseData: responseData
                        });
                    };
                }

                var handler = WebViewJavascriptBridge._messageHandler;
                //查询H5注册给js的handler
                if (message.handlerName) {
                    handler = messageHandlers[message.handlerName];
                }

                try {
                    //H5注册给js的handler,并回调responseCallback
                    handler(message.data, responseCallback);
                } catch (exception) {
                    if (typeof console != 'undefined') {
                        console.log("WebViewJavascriptBridge: WARNING: javascript handler threw.", message, exception);
                    }
                }
            }
        });
    }

    //提供给native调用,receiveMessageQueue 在会在页面加载完后赋值为null,所以
    function _handleMessageFromNative(messageJSON) {
        console.log(messageJSON);
        if (receiveMessageQueue) {
            receiveMessageQueue.push(messageJSON);
        }
        _dispatchMessageFromNative(messageJSON);
       
    }

    var WebViewJavascriptBridge = window.WebViewJavascriptBridge = {
        init: init,
        send: send,
        registerHandler: registerHandler,
        callHandler: callHandler,
        _fetchQueue: _fetchQueue,
        _handleMessageFromNative: _handleMessageFromNative
    };

    var doc = document;
    _createQueueReadyIframe(doc);
    _createQueueReadyIframe4biz(doc);
    var readyEvent = doc.createEvent('Events');
    readyEvent.initEvent('WebViewJavascriptBridgeReady');
    readyEvent.bridge = WebViewJavascriptBridge;
    doc.dispatchEvent(readyEvent);
})();

通过WebViewJavascriptBridge.js是一个匿名自运行的js function,加载之后就能运行,从而实现native和H5之间的交互。

BridgeWebView.registerHandler
    Map<String, BridgeHandler> messageHandlers = new HashMap<String, BridgeHandler>();
    /**
     * 注册处理程序,以便javascript调用它
         *handlerName对应js调用时传的名字
     */
    public void registerHandler(String handlerName, BridgeHandler handler) {
        if (handler != null) {
            // 添加至 Map<String, BridgeHandler>
            messageHandlers.put(handlerName, handler);
        }
    }

BridgeWebView提供registerHandler API给native使用,
例如通过如下方式注册handler:

    webView.registerHandler("submitFromWeb", new BridgeHandler() {
        @Override
        public void handler(String data, CallBackFunction function) {
            Log.i(TAG, "handler = submitFromWeb, data from web = " + data);
            function.onCallBack("submitFromWeb exe, response data 中文 from Java");
        }
    });

注册完成后,native就能处理H5发来的handlerName为"submitFromWeb"的消息。同样,function.onCallBack可以将native处理后的数据发回给H5。

WebViewJavascriptBridge.registerHandler
 //H5注册处理器,native发送消息来的时候取handlerName对应的handler进行处理
    function registerHandler(handlerName, handler) {
        messageHandlers[handlerName] = handler;
    }

WebViewJavascriptBridge提供该API给H5使用:

bridge.registerHandler("functionInJs", function(data, responseCallback) {
                document.getElementById("show").innerHTML = ("data from Java: = " + data);
                if (responseCallback) {
                    var responseData = "Javascript Says Right back aka!";
                    responseCallback(responseData);
                }
            });

通过这种方式,H5就能注册handlerName为"functionInJs"的处理器,这样native在发送消息时,如果handlerName为"functionInJs",就会触发对应的处理器,处理完成后同样可以将结果发回个native

BridgeWebViewClient

BridgeWebViewClient最主要如下:

   //H5通过这种方式调用native
    @Override
    public boolean shouldOverrideUrlLoading(WebView view, String url) {
        try {
            url = URLDecoder.decode(url, "UTF-8");
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        if (url.startsWith(BridgeUtil.YY_RETURN_DATA)) {
            // 如果是返回数据yy://return/{function}/returncontent
            webView.handlerReturnData(url);
            return true;
        } else if (url.startsWith(BridgeUtil.YY_OVERRIDE_SCHEMA)) {
            //不是返回数据yy://,就去刷新消息队列,触发
            //调用js的_fetchQueue,这个会触发YY_RETURN_DATA
            webView.flushMessageQueue();
            return true;
        } else {
            return super.shouldOverrideUrlLoading(view, url);
        }
    }

H5通过设置url的形式触发shouldOverrideUrlLoading方法,通过这种方式完成H5调用native

H5调用native的过程如下

1、native首先调用BridgeWebView.registerHandler注册native的处理器:

    webView.registerHandler("submitFromWeb", new BridgeHandler() {
        @Override
        public void handler(String data, CallBackFunction function) {
            Log.i(TAG, "handler = submitFromWeb, data from web = " + data);
            function.onCallBack("submitFromWeb exe, response data 中文 from Java");
        }
    });

2、H5调用WebViewJavascriptBridge.send函数

   function testClick() {
        var str1 = document.getElementById("text1").value;
        var str2 = document.getElementById("text2").value;
        //send message to native
        var data = {id: 1, content: "这是一个图片 <img src=\"a.png\"/> test\r\nhahaha"};
        window.WebViewJavascriptBridge.send(
            data , function(responseData) {
                document.getElementById("show").innerHTML = "repsonseData from java, data = " + responseData
            }
        );
    }

在加载H5的时候已经加载了WebViewJavascriptBridge.js,所以可以直接调用,WebViewJavascriptBridge.send()如下所示:

     //H5发送data给native,提供给H5使用
    function send(data, responseCallback) {
        _doSend({
            data: data
        }, responseCallback);
    }

3、调用WebViewJavascriptBridge._doSend函数

    //H5发送消息给native native处理
    function _doSend(message, responseCallback) {
        if (responseCallback) {
            var callbackId = 'cb_' + (uniqueId++) + '_' + new Date().getTime();
            responseCallbacks[callbackId] = responseCallback;
            message.callbackId = callbackId;
        }

        sendMessageQueue.push(message);
        //触发shouldOverrideUrlLoading="yy://__QUEUE_MESSAGE__/"
        messagingIframe.src = CUSTOM_PROTOCOL_SCHEME + '://' + QUEUE_HAS_MESSAGE;
    }

H5在调用native时如果需要获取到结果,则需要给_doSend设置responseCallback,设置后,就会给将该callback保存到responseCallbacks[]数组中,在调用native结束后,native会通过js的方式将结果回调给H5,这时就需要从responseCallbacks取出对应的回调函数。
_doSend将Message存放到sendMessageQueue中,并设置messagingIframe.src以调用WebView的shouldOverrideUrlLoading:

yy://__QUEUE_MESSAGE__

4、WebView的shouldOverrideUrlLoading检查链接类型

  webView.flushMessageQueue();

触发 webView.flushMessageQueue:

    void flushMessageQueue() {
        //必须正在主线程
        if (Thread.currentThread() == Looper.getMainLooper().getThread()) {
            //调用js的"javascript:WebViewJavascriptBridge._fetchQueue();"
            loadUrl(BridgeUtil.JS_FETCH_QUEUE_FROM_JAVA, new CallBackFunction() {
                @Override
                public void onCallBack(String data) {//H5回调给native
                    //......
                }
            });
        }
    }


    public void loadUrl(String jsUrl, CallBackFunction returnCallback) {
        this.loadUrl(jsUrl);//native调用js的方法
        //如果调用H5时需要响应H5的结果回调,则需要将returnCallback保存下来
        responseCallbacks.put(BridgeUtil.parseFunctionName(jsUrl), returnCallback);
    }

flushMessageQueue通过loadUrl调用javascript:WebViewJavascriptBridge._fetchQueue()获取H5的所有数据。
5、WebViewJavascriptBridge._fetchQueue()

  // 提供给native调用,该函数作用:获取sendMessageQueue返回给native
    // shouldOverrideUrlLoading在检测到"yy://__QUEUE_MESSAGE__/"调用javascript:WebViewJavascriptBridge._fetchQueue();
    function _fetchQueue() {
        var messageQueueString = JSON.stringify(sendMessageQueue);
        sendMessageQueue = [];
        //触发shouldOverrideUrlLoading="yy://://return/_fetchQueue/消息体json字符串"
        bizMessagingIframe.src = CUSTOM_PROTOCOL_SCHEME + '://return/_fetchQueue/' + encodeURIComponent(messageQueueString);
    }

_fetchQueue将sendMessageQueue中的数据通过"yy://://return/_fetchQueue/消息体json字符串"的形式传给shouldOverrideUrlLoading,BridgeWebView在检测到该url后调用:

 如果是返回数据yy://return/{function}/returncontent  
 webView.handlerReturnData(url);

6、BridgeWebView.handlerReturnData

  
        void handlerReturnData(String url) {
            String functionName = BridgeUtil.getFunctionFromReturnUrl(url);
            CallBackFunction f = responseCallbacks.get(functionName);
            String data = BridgeUtil.getDataFromReturnUrl(url);
            if (f != null) {
                f.onCallBack(data);
                responseCallbacks.remove(functionName);
                return;
            }
    }

在获取到H5发来的信息后,就查询native对应的CallBackFunction进行处理,第4步loadUrl的时候讲CallBackFunction和functionName的对应关系保存到了responseCallbacks,这样这里就可以取出来进行回调,第4步注册的回调如下:

    new CallBackFunction() {
        @Override
        public void onCallBack(String data) {//H5回调给native
            // deserializeMessage 反序列化消息
            List<Message> list = null;
            try {
                list = Message.toArrayList(data);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                return;
            }
            if (list == null || list.size() == 0) {
                return;
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
                Message m = list.get(i);
                String responseId = m.getResponseId();
                //H5发给native的消息含有responseId,说明这个消息是native调用H5后H5返回的,则需要回调给native的调用方
                if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(responseId)) {
                    //找到native对应的CallBackFunction
                    CallBackFunction function = responseCallbacks.get(responseId);
                    String responseData = m.getResponseData();
                    function.onCallBack(responseData);
                    responseCallbacks.remove(responseId);
                } else {//H5调用native,不是响应
                    CallBackFunction responseFunction = null;
                    //本次如果有回调Id,说明native在调用结束后需要将结果告知H5
                    final String callbackId = m.getCallbackId();
                    if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(callbackId)) {
                        responseFunction = new CallBackFunction() {
                            @Override
                            public void onCallBack(String data) {
                                //将native处理完后的数据回调给H5
                                Message responseMsg = new Message();
                                responseMsg.setResponseId(callbackId);
                                responseMsg.setResponseData(data);
                                queueMessage(responseMsg);
                            }
                        };
                    } else {
                        responseFunction = new CallBackFunction() {
                            @Override
                            public void onCallBack(String data) {
                                // do nothing
                            }
                        };
                    }
                    //查找handlerName对应BridgeHandler来执行H5的请求,webView.registerHandler注册了处理器
                    BridgeHandler handler;
                    if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(m.getHandlerName())) {
                        handler = messageHandlers.get(m.getHandlerName());
                    } else {
                        handler = defaultHandler;
                    }
                    if (handler != null){
                        handler.handler(m.getData(), responseFunction);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    });

在调用handler的处理函数时,如果插入了responseFunction,说明在native处理完后需要将处理结果传个H5。这时调用:

  //将native处理完后的数据回调给H5
   Message responseMsg = new Message();
   responseMsg.setResponseId(callbackId);
   responseMsg.setResponseData(data);
   queueMessage(responseMsg);

这里个responseMsg设置了responseId,告知H5这是个响应消息,H5不需要再回应native了。
queueMessage->dispatchMessage

  void dispatchMessage(Message m) {
        String messageJson = m.toJson();
        //escape special characters for json string  为json字符串转义特殊字符
        messageJson = messageJson.replaceAll("(\\\\)([^utrn])", "\\\\\\\\$1$2");
        messageJson = messageJson.replaceAll("(?<=[^\\\\])(\")", "\\\\\"");
        messageJson = messageJson.replaceAll("(?<=[^\\\\])(\')", "\\\\\'");
        String javascriptCommand = String.format(BridgeUtil.JS_HANDLE_MESSAGE_FROM_JAVA, messageJson);
        // 必须要找主线程才会将数据传递出去 --- 划重点
        if (Thread.currentThread() == Looper.getMainLooper().getThread()) {
            Log.i("zpy","dispatchMessage:"+javascriptCommand);
            this.loadUrl(javascriptCommand);
        }

dispatchMessage通过WebView.loadUrl将响应数据交给H5。

至此,一次H5调用native的过程就结束了。
native调用H5

1、BridgeWebView提供callHandler和send两个函数给native调用H5,两种方式最终都调用了doSend函数:

private void doSend(String handlerName, String data, CallBackFunction responseCallback) {
        Message m = new Message();
        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(data)) {
            m.setData(data);
        }
        if (responseCallback != null) {
            String callbackStr = String.format(BridgeUtil.CALLBACK_ID_FORMAT, ++uniqueId + (BridgeUtil.UNDERLINE_STR + SystemClock.currentThreadTimeMillis()));
            responseCallbacks.put(callbackStr, responseCallback);
            m.setCallbackId(callbackStr);
        }
        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(handlerName)) {
            m.setHandlerName(handlerName);
        }
        queueMessage(m);
    }

这里在调用H5之前,保存了callbackStr和responseCallback的对应关系,说明调用H5,native需要接受H5的返回结果。接着调用了dispatchMessage,调用了

"javascript:WebViewJavascriptBridge._handleMessageFromNative('%s');"

2、WebViewJavascriptBridge._dispatchMessageFromNative

 //提供给native使用,native通过"javascript:WebViewJavascriptBridge._handleMessageFromNative('%s');"调用到
    function _dispatchMessageFromNative(messageJSON) {
        setTimeout(function() {
            //解析native传来的数据
            var message = JSON.parse(messageJSON);
            var responseCallback;
            //native调用js,如果传来的消息有responseId,说明这个消息是js调用native后native返回的
            //需要回调js的callback
            if (message.responseId) {
                responseCallback = responseCallbacks[message.responseId];
                if (!responseCallback) {
                    return;
                }
                responseCallback(message.responseData);
                delete responseCallbacks[message.responseId];
            } else {//native直接调用js的消息
                //callbackId不为空,说明需要回调native
                if (message.callbackId) {
                    var callbackResponseId = message.callbackId;
                    //通过_doSend将消息返回给native
                    responseCallback = function(responseData) {
                        _doSend({
                            responseId: callbackResponseId,
                            responseData: responseData
                        });
                    };
                }

                var handler = WebViewJavascriptBridge._messageHandler;
                //查询H5注册给js的handler
                if (message.handlerName) {
                    handler = messageHandlers[message.handlerName];
                }

                try {
                    //交易H5注册个js的handler,并回调responseCallback
                    handler(message.data, responseCallback);
                } catch (exception) {
                    if (typeof console != 'undefined') {
                        console.log("WebViewJavascriptBridge: WARNING: javascript handler threw.", message, exception);
                    }
                }
            }
        });
    }

该函数提供给native调用,会分发native的请求,如果message.ResponseId不为空,说明该消息是H5调用native后返回的数据,直接将结果返回给对应的js function即可。
如果ResponseId为空,说明这是native的一个全新的请求,这时候就需要查看message.callbackId,callBackId不为空,说明在H5处理完请求后,需要将结果返回给native。H5处理native的请求也是通过handler实现的。那么这个handler哪里来的呢??

   //H5注册处理器,native发送消息来的时候取handlerName对应的handler进行处理
    function registerHandler(handlerName, handler) {
        messageHandlers[handlerName] = handler;
    }

答案就在这边,WebViewJavascriptBridge.js提供了registerHandler给H5注册处理器,下面代码就是注册了"functionInJs"对应的处理器。

  bridge.registerHandler("functionInJs", function(data, responseCallback) {
        document.getElementById("show").innerHTML = ("data from Java: = " + data);
            if (responseCallback) {
                var responseData = "Javascript Says Right back aka!";
                responseCallback(responseData);
            }
        });

注册处理器中,如果有responseCallback,则需要将H5处理的结果返回,responseCallback的实现如下,他将结果通过_doSend发给了native

 //通过_doSend将消息返回给native
 responseCallback = function(responseData) {
           _doSend({
                 responseId: callbackResponseId,
                 responseData: responseData
            });
 };
自此native调用js的过程也结束了。
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