Appium-Android:三种等待时间设置方法
2019-10-15 本文已影响0人
R_zb
一、前言
- 学习Appium过程中,记录三种等待时间的设置方法
- 整理网上资料后梳理完成
二、等待类型
1. 强制等待
- 需要设置固定的等待时间,无论元素是否加载完成,均需等待该时间
- 由time.sleep()方法实现
- 不推荐使用
import time
time.sleep(5) # 固定此段等待时间为5s
2. 隐式等待
- 隐式等待是由webdriver提供的超时等待方法;
- implicitly_wait()比 time.sleep() 更加智能,implicitly_wait()是在一个时间范围内智能等待,time.sleep() 只能选择一个固定的时间的等待;
- 当使用了隐式等待执行测试的时候,如果 WebDriver没有在 DOM中找到元素,将继续等待,超出设定时间后则抛出找不到元素的异常;
- 换句话说,当查找元素或元素并没有立即出现的时候,隐式等待将等待一段时间再查找 DOM,默认的时间是0;
- 一旦设置了隐式等待,则它存在整个 WebDriver 对象实例的声明周期中,隐式的等到会让一个正常响应的应用的测试变慢;
- 它将会在寻找每个元素的时候都进行等待,这样会增加整个测试执行的时间。
# 针对全局元素设置的等待时间
self.driver.implicitly_wait(20)
3. 显示等待
- 显式等待是针对某个元素来设置的等待时间
- 在设置时间内,默认每隔一段时间检测一次当前。页面元素是否存在,如果超过设置时间检测不到则抛出异常。
- 详细格式如下:
class WebDriverWait(object):
def __init__(self, driver, timeout, poll_frequency=POLL_FREQUENCY, ignored_exceptions=None):
"""Constructor, takes a WebDriver instance and timeout in seconds.
:Args:
- driver - Instance of WebDriver (Ie, Firefox, Chrome or Remote)
- timeout - Number of seconds before timing out
- poll_frequency - sleep interval between calls
By default, it is 0.5 second.
- ignored_exceptions - iterable structure of exception classes ignored during calls.
By default, it contains NoSuchElementException only.
Example:
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait \n
element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(lambda x: x.find_element_by_id("someId")) \n
is_disappeared = WebDriverWait(driver, 30, 1, (ElementNotVisibleException)).\ \n
until_not(lambda x: x.find_element_by_id("someId").is_displayed())
"""
self._driver = driver
self._timeout = timeout
self._poll = poll_frequency
# avoid the divide by zero
if self._poll == 0:
self._poll = POLL_FREQUENCY
exceptions = list(IGNORED_EXCEPTIONS)
if ignored_exceptions is not None:
try:
exceptions.extend(iter(ignored_exceptions))
except TypeError: # ignored_exceptions is not iterable
exceptions.append(ignored_exceptions)
self._ignored_exceptions = tuple(exceptions)
def __repr__(self):
return '<{0.__module__}.{0.__name__} (session="{1}")>'.format(
type(self), self._driver.session_id)
def until(self, method, message=''):
"""Calls the method provided with the driver as an argument until the \
return value is not False."""
screen = None
stacktrace = None
end_time = time.time() + self._timeout
while True:
try:
value = method(self._driver)
if value:
return value
except self._ignored_exceptions as exc:
screen = getattr(exc, 'screen', None)
stacktrace = getattr(exc, 'stacktrace', None)
time.sleep(self._poll)
if time.time() > end_time:
break
raise TimeoutException(message, screen, stacktrace)
def until_not(self, method, message=''):
"""Calls the method provided with the driver as an argument until the \
return value is False."""
end_time = time.time() + self._timeout
while True:
try:
value = method(self._driver)
if not value:
return value
except self._ignored_exceptions:
return True
time.sleep(self._poll)
if time.time() > end_time:
break
raise TimeoutException(message)
- 一般搭配until()或until_not()方法配合使用,另外,lambda还提供了一个运行时动态创建函数的方法。
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(lambda x: x.find_element_by_id('test'))
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