OWW CH11&12

词汇：

elicit

VERB

动词引起;引出If youelicita response or a reaction, you do or say something which makes other people respond or react.

【语法信息】：V n

Mr Norris said he was hopeful that his request wouldelicita positive response...

诺里斯先生说希望他的请求能够引起积极反响。

elate

vt. elated,elating[< L elatus, pp. ofefferre, to bring out, lift up <ex-, out +ferre]

to raise the spirits of; make very proud, happy, or joyful

He was greatly elated by success.

他因获得成功而得意洋洋。

banish

消除；排除；摆脱If you banish something unpleasant, you get rid of it.

【语法信息】：V n

...a public investment programme intended tobanishthe recession.

旨在摆脱经济衰退的公共投资项目

...diseases like malaria that have beenbanished for centuries.

已经被根除数世纪之久的疟疾之类的疾病

总结

作为文学的非虚构写作：文学在从前被定义为小说、诗歌，但是现在的读者看得更多的是非虚构作品，而练习写作最好的路径就是非虚构写作。我们更愿意写自己知道的事、关心的事，动力是写作的核心。好的写作不分形式。

访谈：在写一件事物时，访谈相关的人，会让文章更生动。Zinsser说，“my story, though ostensibly the chronicle of an institution, was really a story about people.”那些动人的故事都是与人有关的故事，你怀念一个地方，怀念那里的草木，怀念度过的时光，是因为彼时彼地出现在你生活里的人。

好的非虚构作家必须解锁人们的记忆 ，而最好的实践方式是出去采访人。采访本身就是最受欢迎的非虚构形式之一，因此应该尽早掌握。

如何开始采访：

1.决定采访什么人：选择那些会触动读者的人。

2.访谈是可以通过实践提高的技能。虽然大部分是机械的技能，但你还要知道如何使受访者放松、何时推进、何时倾听、何时停止。

3.时刻准备好基本工具：纸笔。笔记本要在需要时才拿出来。

4.没做功课，不要采访。（现在很多访谈都这样，事先功课没做好，问的问题都很肤浅，受访者觉得不受尊重，观众也觉得毫无深度。）

5.将可能问的问题列成清单。

6.不要对采访心存恐惧。Most men and women leads lives, if not of quiet desperation,at least of desperate quietness, and they jump at a chance to talk about their work to an outsider who seems eager to listen. 这句话大概来自于梭罗，原话是The massof men lead lives of quiet desperation.之后梭罗又说，What is called resignationis confirmed desperation.A stereotyped but unconscious despair is concealed even under what are called the games and amusements of mankind. There is no play in them, for this comes after work. But it is a characteristic of wisdom not to do desperate things.

7.远离录音机。除非受访者的用词是自身文化独有，你得用录音机录下来反复斟酌。

8.记笔记：跟不上的时候让受访者停一下；学会速记。

9.整合要点，保证真实。