剑20T3P1文章提纲与雅思词汇
英文提纲
1. Introduction:
Discovery of ice - preserved food and early methods of food preservation.
2. Development of Refrigeration:
• Use of natural ice in the 19th century.
• Invention of'mechanical ice' by Australian inventors in 1870.
3. Impact on Food Export: Export of Australian beef and mutton to England and its drawbacks.
4. Pioneer - Clarence Birdseye:
• His experience with Inuit people and development of mechanical freezers.
• Key innovations in the frozen food industry.
5. Overcoming Obstacles: Leasing freezers and insulated railroad cars.
6. Growth of the Industry:
• Boost from World War II.
• Affordability of refrigerators in the 1950s.
• Introduction of'TV Dinner' and its success.
7. Current Situation: Annual turnover of the US frozen food industry.
中文提纲
1. 引言：
人类发现冰可以保存食物以及早期食物保存方法。
2. 制冷技术的发展：
• 19世纪天然冰的使用。
• 1870年澳大利亚发明者发明“机械冰”。
3. 对食品出口的影响：
澳大利亚牛肉和羊肉出口到英国及其缺点。
4. 先驱——克拉伦斯·伯宰：
• 他与因纽特人的经历以及机械冰箱的开发。
• 冷冻食品行业的关键创新。
5. 克服障碍：租赁冰箱和隔热火车车厢。
6. 行业的发展：
• 二战带来的推动。
• 20世纪50年代冰箱的普及。
• “电视晚餐”的推出及其成功。
7. 现状：美国冷冻食品行业的年营业额。
雅思阅读词汇
名词
1. preservation/ˌprezəˈveɪʃn/：n. 保存，保留
2. inhabitant/ɪnˈhæbɪtənt/：n. 居民
3. compressor/kəmˈpresə(r)/：n. 压缩机
4. condenser/kənˈdensə(r)/：n. 冷凝器
5. evaporator/ɪˈvæpəreɪtə(r)/：n. 蒸发器
6. deterioration/dɪˌtɪəriəˈreɪʃn/：n. 恶化，退化
7. crystal/ˈkrɪstl/：n. 晶体，结晶
8. compartment/kəmˈpɑːtmənt/：n. 隔间，室
9. turnover/ˈtɜːnəʊvə(r)/：n. 营业额，成交量
10. cafeteria/ˌkæfəˈtɪəriə/：n. 自助餐厅
动词
1. preserve/prɪˈzɜːv/：v. 保存，保留
2. freeze/friːz/：v. 冻结，冷冻
3. compress/kəmˈpres/：v. 压缩，压紧
4. release/rɪˈliːs/：v. 释放，排放
5. export/ˈekspɔːt/：v. 出口，输出
6. innovate/ˈɪnəveɪt/：v. 创新，改革
7. afford/əˈfɔːd/：v. 买得起，承担得起
形容词
1. insulated/ˈɪnsuleɪtɪd/：adj. 绝缘的，隔热的
2. convenient/kənˈviːniənt/：adj. 方便的，便利的
3. palatable/ˈpælətəbl/：adj. 美味的，可口的
长难句总结
1. At some point in history, humans discovered that ice preserved food. There is evidence that winter ice was stored to preserve food in the summer as far back as 10,000 years ago.
• 翻译：在历史上的某个时刻，人类发现冰可以保存食物。有证据表明，早在10000年前，人们就储存冬天的冰来保存夏天的食物。
2. They froze them overnight, then trampled them to squeeze out the moisture, then dried them in the sun.
• 翻译：他们将土豆冷冻过夜，然后踩踏以挤出水分，再在阳光下晒干。
3. They used a compressor to force a gas—ammonia at first and later Freon—through a condenser. The compressed gas gave up some of its heat as it moved through the condenser.
• 翻译：他们使用压缩机迫使一种气体——最初是氨，后来是氟利昂——通过冷凝器。压缩气体在通过冷凝器时释放出部分热量。
4. But Australian cattlemen were quick to realize that, if they could put this new invention on a ship, they could export meat across the oceans.
• 翻译：但澳大利亚的牧场主很快意识到，如果他们能把这项新发明应用到船上，就可以跨洋出口肉类。
5. During the freezing process, crystals formed within the cells of the food, and when the ice expanded and the cells burst, this spoilt the flavor and texture of the food.
• 翻译：在冷冻过程中，食物细胞内会形成晶体，当冰膨胀导致细胞破裂时，这会破坏食物的味道和质地。
6. Birdseye was responsible for several key innovations that made the frozen food industry possible.
• 翻译：伯宰负责多项使冷冻食品行业成为可能的关键创新。
7. He developed quick - freezing techniques that reduced the damage that crystals caused, as well as the technique of freezing the product in the package it was to be sold in.
• 翻译：他开发了快速冷冻技术，减少了晶体造成的损害，还开发了在销售包装内冷冻产品的技术。
8. Sales increased in the early 1940s, when World War II gave a boost to the frozen food industry because tin was being used for munitions.
• 翻译：20世纪40年代初，销售额有所增加，当时二战促进了冷冻食品行业的发展，因为锡被用于制造弹药。
9. By 1953, 33 million US families owned a refrigerator, and manufacturers were gradually increasing the size of the freezer compartments in them.
• 翻译：到1953年，美国有3300万家庭拥有冰箱，制造商也在逐渐增加冰箱中冷冻室的大小。
10. American consumers couldn't resist the combination of a trusted brand name, a single - serving package and the convenience of a meal that could be ready after only 25 minutes in a hot oven.
• 翻译：美国消费者无法抗拒一个值得信赖的品牌、一份单人包装以及只需在热烤箱中放置25分钟即可准备好的一餐的便利组合。
