Kubernetes 1.21.2 高可用二进制部署
2021-06-20 本文已影响0人
这里有鱼
花了2周业余时间研究K8s的部署，从最简单的rancher部署，到kubeadm部署，再到二进制部署，因为是运维苦手，只有看官方文档和网文，踩坑无数。最终由浅入深，通过二进制部署一遍，才算是对k8s的模块，证书，通信方式有了较深的了解。这种方式安装虽然麻烦点，但是排查错误，恢复是最快的。特记录一下安装手记。
1. 环境准备
1.1 主机规划
| IP地址 | 机器名 | 机器配置 | 机器角色 | 安装软件 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 192.168.128.200 | master01.th-k8s | 2C 4G 50G | master | kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、etcd、haproxy、keepalived、nfs-client |
| 192.168.128.201 | master01.th-k8s | 2C 4G 50G | master | kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、etcd、haproxy、keepalived、nfs-client |
| 192.168.128.202 | master01.th-k8s | 2C 4G 50G | master | kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、etcd、haproxy、keepalived、nfs-client |
| 192.168.128.203 | node01.th-k8s | 4C 16G 50G | node | kubelet、kube-proxy、nfs-client |
| 192.168.128.204 | node02.th-k8s | 4C 16G 50G | node | kubelet、kube-proxy、nfs-client |
| 192.168.128.205 | node03.th-k8s | 4C 16G 50G | node | kubelet、kube-proxy、nfs-client |
| 192.168.128.206 | data.th-k8s | 2C 2G 100G | data-volumes | nfs server |
| 192.168.128.208 | / | / | VIP 虚拟IP | 由HAProxy和keepalived组成的LB |
1.2 软件版本
注意版本，不同版本可能配置发生变化，具体可以去官网翻阅
| 软件 | 版本 |
|---|---|
| centos 7.9.2009 | 内核:5.12.9-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 |
| kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、kubelet、kube-proxy | v 1.21.2 |
| etcd | v3.5.0 |
| calico | v3.19.1 |
| coredns | 1.8.4 |
| docker | 19.03.15 |
| haproxy | 1.5.18 |
| keepalived | 1.3.5 |
1.3 网络分配
| 网段信息 | 配置 |
|---|---|
| Pod网段 | 172.168.0.0/12 |
| Service网段 | 10.96.0.0/16 |
2. 搭建集群
2.1 所有机器准备工作
2.1.1 修改主机名
主机名称见1.1表
hostnamectl --static set-hostname master01.th-k8s
2.1.2 配置hosts文件
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.128.200 master01.th-k8s
192.168.128.201 master02.th-k8s
192.168.128.202 master03.th-k8s
192.168.128.203 node01.th-k8s
192.168.128.204 node02.th-k8s
192.168.128.205 node03.th-k8s
192.168.128.206 data.th-k8s
EOF
2.1.3 关闭防火墙和selinux
systemctl stop firewalld
setenforce 0
sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.\*/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
#查看结果
sestatus
2.1.4 关闭交换分区
swapoff -a
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
echo "vm.swappiness = 0" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p
2.1.5 时间同步
使用chronyd，安装配置略
timedatectl
2.1.6 系统配置
#limit优化
ulimit -SHn 65535
cat <<EOF >> /etc/security/limits.conf
* soft nofile 655360
* hard nofile 131072
* soft nproc 655350
* hard nproc 655350
* soft memlock unlimited
* hard memlock unlimited
EOF
2.1.7 加载ipvs
yum install ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp -y
#所有节点配置ipvs模块，在内核4.19+版本nf_conntrack_ipv4已经改为nf_conntrack， 4.18以下使用nf_conntrack_ipv4即可：
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack
#创建 /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf 并加入以下内容：
cat >/etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf <<EOF
ip_vs
ip_vs_lc
ip_vs_wlc
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_lblc
ip_vs_lblcr
ip_vs_dh
ip_vs_sh
ip_vs_fo
ip_vs_nq
ip_vs_sed
ip_vs_ftp
ip_vs_sh
nf_conntrack
ip_tables
ip_set
xt_set
ipt_set
ipt_rpfilter
ipt_REJECT
ipip
EOF
#设置为开机启动
systemctl enable --now systemd-modules-load.service
2.1.8 K8s内核优化
cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
fs.may_detach_mounts = 1
vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.panic_on_oom=0
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl =15
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 327680
net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max = 131072
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.core.somaxconn = 16384
EOF
sysctl --system
#所有节点配置完内核后，重启服务器，保证重启后内核依旧加载
reboot -h now
#重启后查看结果：
lsmod | grep --color=auto -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack
2.1.9 安装其他工具（可选）
yum install wget jq psmisc vim net-tools telnet yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 git lrzsz -y
2.2 master节点安装
2.2.1 配置免密
# 在master01上操作，ssh端口进行过修改，为4956
cd /root
ssh-keygen -t rsa
for i in master02.th-k8s master03.th-k8s node01.th-k8s node02.th-k8s node03.th-k8s;do ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub -p 4956 $i;done
#测试
ssh -p 4956 master03.th-k8s
2.2.2 haproxy和keepalived部署高可用
2.2.2.1 安装
yum install keepalived haproxy -y
2.2.2.2 配置haproxy
cat >/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg<<"EOF"
global
maxconn 2000
ulimit-n 16384
log 127.0.0.1 local0 err
stats timeout 30s
defaults
log global
mode http
option httplog
timeout connect 5000
timeout client 50000
timeout server 50000
timeout http-request 15s
timeout http-keep-alive 15s
frontend monitor-in
bind *:33305
mode http
option httplog
monitor-uri /monitor
frontend k8s-master
bind 0.0.0.0:16443
bind 127.0.0.1:16443
mode tcp
option tcplog
tcp-request inspect-delay 5s
default_backend k8s-master
backend k8s-master
mode tcp
option tcplog
option tcp-check
balance roundrobin
default-server inter 10s downinter 5s rise 2 fall 2 slowstart 60s maxconn 250 maxqueue 256 weight 100
server master01.th-k8s 192.168.128.200:6443 check
server master02.th-k8s 192.168.128.201:6443 check
server master03.th-k8s 192.168.128.202:6443 check
EOF
2.2.2.3 配置KeepAlived
每个masrer配置不一样，注意区分
#master01 配置：
cat >/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf<<"EOF"
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id LVS_DEVEL
script_user root
enable_script_security
}
vrrp_script chk_apiserver {
script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"
interval 5
weight -5
fall 2
rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface ens160
mcast_src_ip 192.168.128.200
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 2
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass K8SHA_KA_AUTH
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.128.208
}
track_script {
chk_apiserver
}
}
EOF
#Master02 配置：
cat >/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf<<"EOF"
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id LVS_DEVEL
script_user root
enable_script_security
}
vrrp_script chk_apiserver {
script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"
interval 5
weight -5
fall 2
rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface ens160
mcast_src_ip 192.168.128.201
virtual_router_id 51
priority 99
advert_int 2
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass K8SHA_KA_AUTH
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.128.208
}
track_script {
chk_apiserver
}
}
EOF
#Master03 配置：
cat >/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf<<"EOF"
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id LVS_DEVEL
script_user root
enable_script_security
}
vrrp_script chk_apiserver {
script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"
interval 5
weight -5
fall 2
rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface ens160
mcast_src_ip 192.168.128.202
virtual_router_id 51
priority 98
advert_int 2
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass K8SHA_KA_AUTH
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.128.208
}
track_script {
chk_apiserver
}
EOF
2.2.2.4 健康检查脚本
cat > /etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh <<"EOF"
#!/bin/bash
err=0
for k in $(seq 1 3)
do
check_code=$(pgrep haproxy)
if [[ $check_code == "" ]]; then
err=$(expr $err + 1)
sleep 1
continue
else
err=0
break
fi
done
if [[ $err != "0" ]]; then
echo "systemctl stop keepalived"
/usr/bin/systemctl stop keepalived
exit 1
else
exit 0
fi
EOF
chmod u+x /etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh
2.2.2.5 启动服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now haproxy
systemctl enable --now keepalived
2.2.2.6 检查状态
#master01，看到vip
ip addr
#各节点测试
ping 192.168.128.208 -c 4
telnet 192.168.128.208 16443
systemctl status keepalived haproxy
如果过一段时间后不能PING通VIP
# 先清理master的arp，将vip切回至master，ping vip正常,再清理slave的arp
arp -n|awk '/^[1-9]/{system("arp -d "$1)}'
2.2.3 搭建etcd集群
2.2.3.1 配置工作目录
# 在master01上创建工作目录
mkdir -p /data/k8s-work
2.2.3.2 生成cfssl证书
安装cfssl工具
cd /data/k8s-work
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl*
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo
配置ca请求文件
cat > ca-csr.json <<"EOF"
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "Hubei",
"L": "shiyan",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "system"
}
],
"ca": {
"expiry": "87600h"
}
}
EOF
创建ca证书
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca
配置ca证书策略
cat > ca-config.json <<"EOF"
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
],
"expiry": "87600h"
}
}
}
}
EOF
配置etcd请求csr文件
cat > etcd-csr.json <<"EOF"
{
"CN": "etcd",
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.128.200",
"192.168.128.201",
"192.168.128.202"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "Hubei",
"L": "shiyan",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "system"
}]
}
EOF
生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes etcd-csr.json | cfssljson -bare etcd
ls etcd*.pem
# etcd-key.pem etcd.pem
2.2.3.3 部署etcd集群
下载分发etcd软件包
wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.5.0/etcd-v3.5.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xvf etcd-v3.5.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cp -p etcd-v3.5.0-linux-amd64/etcd* /usr/local/bin/
scp -P 4956 etcd-v3.5.0-linux-amd64/etcd* master02.th-k8s:/usr/local/bin/
scp -P 4956 etcd-v3.5.0-linux-amd64/etcd* master03.th-k8s:/usr/local/bin/
创建配置文件
cat > etcd.conf <<"EOF"
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.128.200:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.128.200:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.128.200:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.128.200:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd1=https://192.168.128.200:2380,etcd2=https://192.168.128.201:2380,etcd3=https://192.168.128.202:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF
ETCD_NAME：节点名称，集群中唯一
ETCD_DATA_DIR：数据目录
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS：集群通信监听地址
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS：客户端访问监听地址
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS：集群通告地址
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS：客户端通告地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER：集群节点地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN：集群Token
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE：加入集群的当前状态，new是新集群，existing表示加入已有集群
创建启动service
cat > etcd.service <<"EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/etcd/etcd.conf
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/etcd/
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/etcd \
--cert-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
--key-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
--peer-key-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-client-cert-auth \
--client-cert-auth
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
各节点创建etcd目录
mkdir -p /etc/etcd
mkdir -p /etc/etcd/ssl
mkdir -p /var/lib/etcd/default.etcd
同步到各个节点
cp ca*.pem /etc/etcd/ssl/
cp etcd*.pem /etc/etcd/ssl/
cp etcd.conf /etc/etcd/
cp etcd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
for i in master02.th-k8s master03.th-k8s;do scp -P 4956 etcd.conf $i:/etc/etcd/;done
for i in master02.th-k8s master03.th-k8s;do scp -P 4956 etcd*.pem ca*.pem $i:/etc/etcd/ssl/;done
for i in master02.th-k8s master03.th-k8s;do scp -P 4956 etcd.service $i:/usr/lib/systemd/system/;done
master2和master3分别修改配置文件中etcd名字和ip
vim /etc/etcd/etcd.conf
启动etcd集群
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now etcd.service
systemctl status etcd
查看集群状态
ETCDCTL_API=3 /usr/local/bin/etcdctl --write-out=table --cacert=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem --key=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem --endpoints=https://192.168.128.200:2379,https://192.168.128.201:2379,https://192.168.128.202:2379 endpoint health
2.2.4 kubernetes 部署
2.2.4.1 下载分发安装包
wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.21.2/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes/server/bin/
cp kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl /usr/local/bin/
scp -P 4956 kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl master02.th-k8s:/usr/local/bin/
scp -P 4956 kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl master03.th-k8s:/usr/local/bin/
for i in node01.th-k8s node02.th-k8s node03.th-k8s;do scp -P 4956 kubelet kube-proxy $i:/usr/local/bin/;done
2.2.4.2 所有节点创建工作目录
mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/
mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/ssl
mkdir -p /var/log/kubernetes
2.2.4.3 部署api-server
创建apiserver-csr
cat > kube-apiserver-csr.json << "EOF"
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.128.200",
"192.168.128.201",
"192.168.128.202",
"192.168.128.203",
"192.168.128.204",
"192.168.128.205",
"192.168.128.206",
"192.168.128.207",
"192.168.128.208",
"192.168.128.209",
"192.168.128.210",
"192.168.128.211",
"192.168.128.212",
"10.96.0.1",
"kubernetes",
"kubernetes.default",
"kubernetes.default.svc",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "Hubei",
"L": "shiyan",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "system"
}
]
}
EOF
如果 hosts 字段不为空则需要指定授权使用该证书的 IP 或域名列表。由于该证书被 集群使用，需要将节点的IP都填上，为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。同时还需要填写 service 网络的首个IP(一般是 kube-apiserver 指定的 service-cluster-ip-range 网段的第一个IP，如 10.96.0.1)。
生成证书和token文件
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-apiserver-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-apiserver
cat > token.csv << EOF
$(head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '),kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
EOF
创建配置文件
cat > kube-apiserver.conf << "EOF"
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,NodeRestriction,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,ResourceQuota \
--anonymous-auth=false \
--bind-address=192.168.128.200 \
--secure-port=6443 \
--advertise-address=192.168.128.200 \
--insecure-port=0 \
--authorization-mode=Node,RBAC \
--runtime-config=api/all=true \
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/16 \
--token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv \
--service-node-port-range=30000-50000 \
--tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem \
--tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \
--client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem \
--kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \
--service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--service-account-issuer=api \
--etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
--etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.128.200:2379,https://192.168.128.201:2379,https://192.168.128.202:2379 \
--enable-swagger-ui=true \
--allow-privileged=true \
--apiserver-count=3 \
--audit-log-maxage=30 \
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \
--audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-apiserver-audit.log \
--event-ttl=1h \
--alsologtostderr=true \
--logtostderr=false \
--log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
--v=4"
EOF
创建apiserver服务启动文件··
cat > kube-apiserver.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=etcd.service
Wants=etcd.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
Type=notify
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
同步相关文件到各个节点
cp ca*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
cp kube-apiserver*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
cp token.csv /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-apiserver.conf /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-apiserver.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp -P 4956 token.csv master02.th-k8s:/etc/kubernetes/
scp -P 4956 token.csv master03.th-k8s:/etc/kubernetes/
scp -P 4956 kube-apiserver*.pem master02.th-k8s:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp -P 4956 kube-apiserver*.pem master03.th-k8s:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp -P 4956 ca*.pem master02.th-k8s:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp -P 4956 ca*.pem master03.th-k8s:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp -P 4956 kube-apiserver.conf master02.th-k8s:/etc/kubernetes/
scp -P 4956 kube-apiserver.conf master03.th-k8s:/etc/kubernetes/
scp -P 4956 kube-apiserver.service master02.th-k8s:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp -P 4956 kube-apiserver.service master03.th-k8s:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
master2和master3配置文件的IP地址修改为实际的本机IP
vim kube-apiserver.conf
启动服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kube-apiserver
systemctl status kube-apiserver
# 测试
curl --insecure https://192.168.128.200:6443/
curl --insecure https://192.168.128.201:6443/
curl --insecure https://192.168.128.202:6443/
curl --insecure https://192.168.128.208:16443/
2.2.4.4 部署kubectl
创建csr请求文件
cat > admin-csr.json << "EOF"
{
"CN": "admin",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "Hubei",
"L": "shiyan",
"O": "system:masters",
"OU": "system"
}
]
}
EOF
说明：
后续 kube-apiserver 使用 RBAC 对客户端(如 kubelet、kube-proxy、Pod)请求进行授权；
kube-apiserver 预定义了一些 RBAC 使用的 RoleBindings，如 cluster-admin 将 Group system:masters 与 Role cluster-admin 绑定，该 Role 授予了调用kube-apiserver 的所有 API的权限；
O指定该证书的 Group 为 system:masters，kubelet 使用该证书访问 kube-apiserver 时 ，由于证书被 CA 签名，所以认证通过，同时由于证书用户组为经过预授权的 system:masters，所以被授予访问所有 API 的权限；
注：
这个admin 证书，是将来生成管理员用的kube config 配置文件用的，现在我们一般建议使用RBAC 来对kubernetes 进行角色权限控制， kubernetes 将证书中的CN 字段 作为User， O 字段作为 Group；
"O": "system:masters", 必须是system:masters，否则后面kubectl create clusterrolebinding报错。
生成证书
[root@master1 work]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin
[root@master1 work]# cp admin*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
kubeconfig配置
kube.config 为 kubectl 的配置文件，包含访问 apiserver 的所有信息，如 apiserver 地址、CA 证书和自身使用的证书
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.128.208:16443 --kubeconfig=kube.config
kubectl config set-credentials admin --client-certificate=admin.pem --client-key=admin-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube.config
kubectl config set-context kubernetes --cluster=kubernetes --user=admin --kubeconfig=kube.config
kubectl config use-context kubernetes --kubeconfig=kube.config
mkdir ~/.kube
cp kube.config ~/.kube/config
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kube-apiserver:kubelet-apis --clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --user kubernetes --kubeconfig=~/.kube/config
查看集群状态
export KUBECONFIG=$HOME/.kube/config
kubectl cluster-info
kubectl get componentstatuses
kubectl get all --all-namespaces
同步kubectl配置文件到其他节点
scp -P 4956 /root/.kube/config master02.th-k8s:/root/.kube/
scp -P 4956 /root/.kube/config master03.th-k8s:/root/.kube/
配置kubectl子命令补全
yum install -y bash-completion
source /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
source <(kubectl completion bash)
kubectl completion bash > ~/.kube/completion.bash.inc
source '/root/.kube/completion.bash.inc'
source $HOME/.bash_profile
2.2.4.5 部署kube-controller-manager
创建csr请求文件
cat > kube-controller-manager-csr.json << "EOF"
{
"CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.128.200",
"192.168.128.201",
"192.168.128.202"
],
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "Hubei",
"L": "shiyan",
"O": "system:kube-controller-manager",
"OU": "system"
}
]
}
EOF
hosts 列表包含所有 kube-controller-manager 节点 IP；
CN 为 system:kube-controller-manager、O 为 system:kube-controller-manager，kubernetes 内置的 ClusterRoleBindings system:kube-controller-manager 赋予 kube-controller-manager 工作所需的权限
生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager
ls kube-controller-manager*.pem
创建kube-controller-manager的kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.128.208:16443 --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager --client-certificate=kube-controller-manager.pem --client-key=kube-controller-manager-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context system:kube-controller-manager --cluster=kubernetes --user=system:kube-controller-manager --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context system:kube-controller-manager --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
创建配置文件kube-controller-manager.conf
cat > kube-controller-manager.conf << "EOF"
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--port=10252 \
--secure-port=10257 \
--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/16 \
--cluster-name=kubernetes \
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--allocate-node-cidrs=true \
--cluster-cidr=172.168.0.0/16 \
--experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h \
--root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--leader-elect=true \
--feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true \
--controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner \
--horizontal-pod-autoscaler-use-rest-clients=true \
--horizontal-pod-autoscaler-sync-period=10s \
--tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager.pem \
--tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager-key.pem \
--use-service-account-credentials=true \
--alsologtostderr=true \
--logtostderr=false \
--log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
--v=2"
EOF
[kube-controller-manager命令行参考](kube-controller-manager | Kubernetes)
创建启动文件
cat > kube-controller-manager.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
同步相关文件到各个节点
cp kube-controller-manager*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
cp kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-controller-manager.conf /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-controller-manager.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp -P 4956 kube-controller-manager*.pem master02.th-k8s:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp -P 4956 kube-controller-manager*.pem master03.th-k8s:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp -P 4956 kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig kube-controller-manager.conf master02.th-k8s:/etc/kubernetes/
scp -P 4956 kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig kube-controller-manager.conf master03.th-k8s:/etc/kubernetes/
scp -P 4956 kube-controller-manager.service master02.th-k8s:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp -P 4956 kube-controller-manager.service master03.th-k8s:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
#查看证书
openssl x509 -in /etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager.pem -noout -text
启动服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kube-controller-manager
systemctl status kube-controller-manager
2.2.4.6 部署kube-scheduler
创建csr请求文件
cat > kube-scheduler-csr.json << "EOF"
{
"CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.128.200",
"192.168.128.201",
"192.168.128.202"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "Hubei",
"L": "shiyan",
"O": "system:kube-scheduler",
"OU": "system"
}
]
}
EOF
生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler
ls kube-scheduler*.pem
创建kube-scheduler的kubeconfig
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.128.208:16443 --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-scheduler --client-certificate=kube-scheduler.pem --client-key=kube-scheduler-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context system:kube-scheduler --cluster=kubernetes --user=system:kube-scheduler --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context system:kube-scheduler --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
创建配置文件
cat > kube-scheduler.conf << "EOF"
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--address=127.0.0.1 \
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig \
--leader-elect=true \
--alsologtostderr=true \
--logtostderr=false \
--log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
--v=2"
EOF
[kube-scheduler命令行参考](kube-scheduler | Kubernetes)
创建服务启动文件
cat > kube-scheduler.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
同步相关文件到各个节点
cp kube-scheduler*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
cp kube-scheduler.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-scheduler.conf /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-scheduler.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp -P 4956 kube-scheduler*.pem master02.th-k8s:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp -P 4956 kube-scheduler*.pem master03.th-k8s:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp -P 4956 kube-scheduler.kubeconfig kube-scheduler.conf master02.th-k8s:/etc/kubernetes/
scp -P 4956 kube-scheduler.kubeconfig kube-scheduler.conf master03.th-k8s:/etc/kubernetes/
scp -P 4956 kube-scheduler.service master02.th-k8s:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp -P 4956 kube-scheduler.service master03.th-k8s:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
启动服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kube-scheduler
systemctl status kube-scheduler
2.3 work节点安装
2.3.1 docker安装配置
sudo yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli -y
curl https://releases.rancher.com/install-docker/19.03.sh | sh
systemctl enable -now docker
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"log-driver": "json-file",
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "100m"
},
"storage-driver": "overlay2",
"storage-opts": [
"overlay2.override_kernel_check=true"
],
"registry-mirrors": ["https://yourid.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
systemctl restart docker
2.3.2 kubernetes部署
2.3.2.1 部署kubelet
以下操作在master01上操作
创建kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(awk -F "," '{print $1}' /etc/kubernetes/token.csv)
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.128.208:16443 --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap --token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default --cluster=kubernetes --user=kubelet-bootstrap --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --user=kubelet-bootstrap --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
创建配置文件
cat > kubelet.json << "EOF"
{
"kind": "KubeletConfiguration",
"apiVersion": "kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1",
"authentication": {
"x509": {
"clientCAFile": "/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem"
},
"webhook": {
"enabled": true,
"cacheTTL": "2m0s"
},
"anonymous": {
"enabled": false
}
},
"authorization": {
"mode": "Webhook",
"webhook": {
"cacheAuthorizedTTL": "5m0s",
"cacheUnauthorizedTTL": "30s"
}
},
"address": "192.168.128.200",
"port": 10250,
"readOnlyPort": 10255,
"cgroupDriver": "systemd",
"hairpinMode": "promiscuous-bridge",
"serializeImagePulls": false,
"clusterDomain": "cluster.local.",
"clusterDNS": ["10.96.0.2"]
}
EOF
clusterDNS的配置，后面配置coredns会用到
创建启动文件
cat > kubelet.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kubelet
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet \
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig \
--cert-dir=/etc/kubernetes/ssl \
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig \
--config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.json \
--network-plugin=cni \
--rotate-certificates \
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2 \
--alsologtostderr=true \
--logtostderr=false \
--log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
[kubelet命令行参考](kubelet | Kubernetes)
同步相关文件到各个节点
cp kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/
cp kubelet.json /etc/kubernetes/
cp kubelet.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
for i in node01.th-k8s node02.th-k8s node03.th-k8s;do scp -P 4956 kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig kubelet.json $i:/etc/kubernetes/;done
for i in node01.th-k8s node02.th-k8s node03.th-k8s;do scp -P 4956 ca.pem $i:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/;done
for i in node01.th-k8s node02.th-k8s node03.th-k8s;do scp -P 4956 kubelet.service $i:/usr/lib/systemd/system/;done
在各个节点执行
mkdir -p /var/lib/kubelet
mkdir -p /var/log/kubernetes
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kubelet
systemctl status kubelet
确认kubelet服务启动成功后，接着到master上Approve一下bootstrap请求。
kubectl get csr | grep Pending | awk '{print $1}' | xargs kubectl certificate approve
查看一下node是否加入成功
kubectl get nodes
2.3.2.2 部署kube-proxy
创建csr请求文件
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json << "EOF"
{
"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "Hubei",
"L": "Wuhan",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "system"
}
]
}
EOF
生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
ls kube-proxy*.pem
创建kubeconfig文件
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.128.208:16443 --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy --client-certificate=kube-proxy.pem --client-key=kube-proxy-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default --cluster=kubernetes --user=kube-proxy --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
创建kube-proxy配置文件
cat > kube-proxy.yaml << "EOF"
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 192.168.128.203
clientConnection:
kubeconfig: /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
clusterCIDR: 172.168.0.0/12
healthzBindAddress: 192.168.128.203:10256
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
metricsBindAddress: 192.168.128.203:10249
mode: "ipvs"
EOF
[kube-proxy命令行参考](kube-proxy | Kubernetes)
创建服务启动文件
cat > kube-proxy.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kube-Proxy Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kube-proxy
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-proxy \
--config=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.yaml \
--alsologtostderr=true \
--logtostderr=false \
--log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
同步文件到各个节点
cp kube-proxy*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
cp kube-proxy.kubeconfig kube-proxy.yaml /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-proxy.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
for i in node01.th-k8s node02.th-k8s node03.th-k8s;do scp -P 4956 kube-proxy.kubeconfig kube-proxy.yaml $i:/etc/kubernetes/;done
for i in node01.th-k8s node02.th-k8s node03.th-k8s;do scp -P 4956 kube-proxy.service $i:/usr/lib/systemd/system/;done
在各node修改kube-proxy.yaml中address修改为各节点的实际IP
vim /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.yaml
启动服务
mkdir -p /var/lib/kube-proxy
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kube-proxy
systemctl status kube-proxy
2.4 部署网络组件
2.4.1 安装calico
wget https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.19/manifests/calico.yaml
kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
查看状态，各个节点，均为Ready状态
kubectl get pods -A
kubectl get nodes
2.4.2 部署coredns
cat > coredns.yaml << "EOF"
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: coredns
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
labels:
kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
name: system:coredns
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- endpoints
- services
- pods
- namespaces
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- discovery.k8s.io
resources:
- endpointslices
verbs:
- list
- watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
annotations:
rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
labels:
kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
name: system:coredns
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:coredns
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: coredns
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: coredns
namespace: kube-system
data:
Corefile: |
.:53 {
errors
health {
lameduck 5s
}
ready
kubernetes cluster.local in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa {
fallthrough in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa
}
prometheus :9153
forward . /etc/resolv.conf {
max_concurrent 1000
}
cache 30
loop
reload
loadbalance
}
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: coredns
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
# replicas: not specified here:
# 1. Default is 1.
# 2. Will be tuned in real time if DNS horizontal auto-scaling is turned on.
strategy:
type: RollingUpdate
rollingUpdate:
maxUnavailable: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
spec:
priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
serviceAccountName: coredns
tolerations:
- key: "CriticalAddonsOnly"
operator: "Exists"
nodeSelector:
kubernetes.io/os: linux
affinity:
podAntiAffinity:
preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
- weight: 100
podAffinityTerm:
labelSelector:
matchExpressions:
- key: k8s-app
operator: In
values: ["kube-dns"]
topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
containers:
- name: coredns
image: coredns/coredns:1.8.4
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
resources:
limits:
memory: 170Mi
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 70Mi
args: [ "-conf", "/etc/coredns/Corefile" ]
volumeMounts:
- name: config-volume
mountPath: /etc/coredns
readOnly: true
ports:
- containerPort: 53
name: dns
protocol: UDP
- containerPort: 53
name: dns-tcp
protocol: TCP
- containerPort: 9153
name: metrics
protocol: TCP
securityContext:
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
capabilities:
add:
- NET_BIND_SERVICE
drop:
- all
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /health
port: 8080
scheme: HTTP
initialDelaySeconds: 60
timeoutSeconds: 5
successThreshold: 1
failureThreshold: 5
readinessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /ready
port: 8181
scheme: HTTP
dnsPolicy: Default
volumes:
- name: config-volume
configMap:
name: coredns
items:
- key: Corefile
path: Corefile
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: kube-dns
namespace: kube-system
annotations:
prometheus.io/port: "9153"
prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
labels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
selector:
k8s-app: kube-dns
clusterIP: 10.96.0.2
ports:
- name: dns
port: 53
protocol: UDP
- name: dns-tcp
port: 53
protocol: TCP
- name: metrics
port: 9153
protocol: TCP
EOF
clusterIP为：10.96.0.2（kubelet配置文件中的clusterDNS）
kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml
2.4.3 部署nginx验证
cat > nginx.yaml << "EOF"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
name: nginx-controller
spec:
replicas: 2
selector:
name: nginx
template:
metadata:
labels:
name: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx:1.19.6
ports:
- containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: nginx-service-nodeport
spec:
ports:
- port: 80
targetPort: 80
nodePort: 30001
protocol: TCP
type: NodePort
selector:
name: nginx
EOF
部署
kubectl apply -f nginx.yaml
kubectl get svc
kubectl get pods -o wide
访问nginx验证
删除ngxin
kubectl delete -f nginx.yaml
