网络请求各种第三方andnroid

基于Retrofit、OkHttp、Gson封装通用网络框架

2016-09-08  本文已影响9012人  码无止境

背景

android开发过程中网络请求作为最重要的组成部分之一,然而对于大部分android开发者在网络请求上有太多疑惑,不知道如何去选型?通过原生的HttpClient、HttpUrlConnection封装?还是通过第三方框架再封装?笔者以为采用广泛被使用的第三方网络框架再封装为上策,因为这些网络框架如retrofit、okhttp、volley等是被全球android开发者维护着,无论在功能上、性能上、还是代码简洁性都相对于自己通过原生实现的给力.

目的

致力封装一个简洁、实用、易移植的网络框架模块.

正题

今天笔者就给大家基于retrofit + okhttp + gson 封装一个通用易懂的网络框架模块.
首先我们需要在gradle文件中将第三方依赖引入项目,代码如下:

dependencies {
    // retrofit + okhttp + gson
    compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.1.0'
    compile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.4.1'
    compile 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.7'
    compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.1.0'
}

接着开始我们的封装之路......

首先我们需要写一个参数常量类,用于定义一些常量,如请求Url地址、接口返回信息,代码如下:

/**
 * @className: InterfaceParameters
 * @classDescription: 参数配置
 * @author: leibing
 * @createTime: 2016/8/30
 */

public class InterfaceParameters {
    // 请求URL
    public final static String REQUEST_HTTP_URL = BuildConfig.API_URL;
    // 接口返回结果名称
    public final static String INFO = "info";
    // 接口返回错误码
    public final static String ERROR_CODE = "errorcode";
    // 接口返回错误信息
    public final static String ERROR_MSG = "errormsg";
}

然后写一个网络请求封装类JkApiRequest.class,采用单例的方式,配置网络请求参数以及返回网络请求api实例,代码如下:

/**
 * @className:JkApiRequest
 * @classDescription:网络请求
 * @author: leibing
 * @createTime: 2016/8/30
 */
public class JkApiRequest {
    // sington
    private static JkApiRequest instance;
    // Retrofit object
    private Retrofit retrofit;

    /**
     * Constructor
     * @author leibing
     * @createTime 2016/08/30
     * @lastModify 2016/08/30
     * @param
     * @return
     */
    private JkApiRequest(){
        OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
                .addInterceptor(new OkHttpInterceptor())
                .build();
        retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
                .baseUrl(InterfaceParameters.REQUEST_HTTP_URL)
                .addConverterFactory(JkApiConvertFactory.create())
                .client(client)
                .build();
    }

    /**
     * sington
     * @author leibing
     * @createTime 2016/08/30
     * @lastModify 2016/08/30
     * @param
     * @return
     */
    public static JkApiRequest getInstance(){
        if (instance == null){
            instance = new JkApiRequest();
        }
        return instance;
    }

    /**
     * create api instance
     * @author leibing
     * @createTime 2016/08/30
     * @lastModify 2016/08/30
     * @param service api class
     * @return
     */
    public <T> T create(Class<T> service) {
        return retrofit.create(service);
    }
}

上面代码有两个网络请求参数需要注意, OkHttpInterceptor 、JkApiConvertFactory.
OkHttpInterceptor 作为网络请求拦截器,可以拦截请求的数据以及响应的数据,有助于我们排查问题,而JkApiConvertFactory 是作为Convert工厂,这里我所做的就是解析返回来的数据,将数据进行Gson处理就是在这里面.

OkHttpInterceptor代码如下:

/**
 * @className: OkHttpInterceptor
 * @classDescription: Http拦截器
 * @author: leibing
 * @createTime: 2016/08/30
 */
public class OkHttpInterceptor implements Interceptor {

    private static final Charset UTF8 = Charset.forName("UTF-8");

    @Override
    public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {

        Request request = chain.request();

        // 获得Connection,内部有route、socket、handshake、protocol方法
        Connection connection = chain.connection();
        // 如果Connection为null,返回HTTP_1_1,否则返回connection.protocol()
        Protocol protocol = connection != null ? connection.protocol() : Protocol.HTTP_1_1;
        // 比如: --> POST http://121.40.227.8:8088/api http/1.1
        String requestStartMessage = "--> " + request.method() + ' ' + request.url() + ' ' + protocol;

        System.out.println("ddddddddddddddddddd requestStartMessage = " + requestStartMessage);

        // 打印 Response
        Response response;
        try {
            response = chain.proceed(request);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw e;
        }
        ResponseBody responseBody = response.body();
        long contentLength = responseBody.contentLength();

        if (bodyEncoded(response.headers())) {

        } else {
            BufferedSource source = responseBody.source();
            source.request(Long.MAX_VALUE); // Buffer the entire body.
            Buffer buffer = source.buffer();
            Charset charset = UTF8;
            if (contentLength != 0) {
                // 获取Response的body的字符串 并打印
                System.out.println("ddddddddddddddddddddddddd response = " + buffer.clone().readString(charset));
            }
        }
        return response;
    }

    private boolean bodyEncoded(Headers headers) {
        String contentEncoding = headers.get("Content-Encoding");
        return contentEncoding != null && !contentEncoding.equalsIgnoreCase("identity");
    }
}

JkApiConvertFactory代码如下:

/**
 * @className: JkApiConvertFactory
 * @classDescription: this converter decode the response.
 * @author: leibing
 * @createTime: 2016/8/30
 */
public class JkApiConvertFactory extends Converter.Factory{

    public static JkApiConvertFactory create() {
        return create(new Gson());
    }

    public static JkApiConvertFactory create(Gson gson) {
        return new JkApiConvertFactory(gson);
    }

    private JkApiConvertFactory(Gson gson) {
        if (gson == null) throw new NullPointerException("gson == null");
    }

    @Override
    public Converter<ResponseBody, ?> responseBodyConverter(Type type, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit) {
        return new GsonResponseBodyConverter<>(type);
    }

    final class GsonResponseBodyConverter<T> implements Converter<ResponseBody, T> {
        private final Type type;

        GsonResponseBodyConverter(Type type) {
            this.type = type;
        }

        @Override public T convert(ResponseBody value) throws IOException {
            BaseResponse baseResponse;
            String reString;
            try {
                reString = value.string();
                // 解析Json数据返回TransData对象
                TransData transData = TransUtil.getResponse(reString);
                try {
                    if (transData.getErrorcode().equals("0") &&  !TextUtils.isEmpty(transData.getInfo())) {
                        baseResponse = new Gson().fromJson(transData.getInfo(), type);
                        baseResponse.setSuccess(transData.getErrorcode().equals("0"));
                        baseResponse.setInfo(transData.getInfo());
                        baseResponse.setInfo(transData.getInfo());
                    } else {
                        baseResponse = (BaseResponse) StringUtil.getObject(((Class) type).getName());
                        baseResponse.setSuccess(transData.getErrorcode().equals("0"));
                        baseResponse.setInfo(transData.getInfo());
                        baseResponse.setInfo(transData.getInfo());
                    }
                    return (T)baseResponse;
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            //从不返回一个空的Response.
            baseResponse = (BaseResponse) StringUtil.getObject(((Class) type).getName());
            try {
                baseResponse.setSuccess(false);
                //JkApiConvertFactory can not recognize the response!
                baseResponse.setErrormsg("");
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                return (T)baseResponse;
            }
        }
    }
}

接着我们写api接口,我这里是将对应的接口封装到对应的类中,这样当前api类中接口名称可以统一起来,请求api的方法也写入当前api类,这样做既能解耦又能减少在使用处的冗余代码,代码如下:

/**
 * @className: ApiLogin
 * @classDescription: 登陆api
 * @author: leibing
 * @createTime: 2016/8/12
 */
public class ApiLogin {
    // api
    private ApiStore mApiStore;

    /**
     * Constructor
     * @author leibing
     * @createTime 2016/08/30
     * @lastModify 2016/08/30
     * @param
     * @return
     */
    public ApiLogin() {
        // 初始化api
        mApiStore = JkApiRequest.getInstance().create(ApiStore.class);
    }

    /**
     * 登录
     * @author leibing
     * @createTime 2016/08/30
     * @lastModify 2016/08/30
     * @param username 用户名
     * @param password 密码
     * @param callback 回调
     * @return
     */
    public void Login(String username, String password, ApiCallback<LoginResponse> callback){
        Call<LoginResponse> mCall =  mApiStore.login(URLEncoder.encode(username), password);
        mCall.enqueue(new JkApiCallback<LoginResponse>(callback));
    }

    /**
     * @interfaceName: ApiStore
     * @interfaceDescription: 登录模块api接口
     * @author: leibing
     * @createTime: 2016/08/30
     */
    private interface ApiStore {
        @GET("app/User/Login")
        Call<LoginResponse> login(
                @Query("username") String username,
                @Query("userpass") String userpass);
    }
}

从上面代码我们看到ApiCallback和JkApiCallback两个回调接口,这两者区别在哪呢?观察仔细的童鞋会发现这个问题.ApiCallback接口是作为通用接口,而JkApiCallback是作为一个接口封装类,针对不同数据情景,做不同回调.

ApiCallback代码如下:

/**
 * @className: ApiCallback
 * @classDescription: Api回调
 * @author: leibing
 * @createTime: 2016/08/30
 */
public interface ApiCallback<T> {
    // 请求数据成功
    void onSuccess(T response);
    // 请求数据错误
    void onError(String err_msg);
    // 网络请求失败
    void onFailure();
}

JkApiCallback代码如下:

public class JkApiCallback<T> implements Callback <T>{
    // 回调
    private ApiCallback<T> mCallback;

    /**
     * Constructor
     * @author leibing
     * @createTime 2016/08/30
     * @lastModify 2016/08/30
     * @param mCallback 回调
     * @return
     */
    public JkApiCallback(ApiCallback<T> mCallback){
        this.mCallback = mCallback;
    }

    @Override
    public void onResponse(Call<T> call, Response<T> response) {
        if (mCallback == null){
            throw new NullPointerException("mCallback == null");
        }
        if (response != null && response.body() != null){
            if (((BaseResponse)response.body()).isSuccess()){
                mCallback.onSuccess((T)response.body());
            }else {
                mCallback.onError(((BaseResponse) response.body()).getErrormsg());
            }
        }else {
            mCallback.onFailure();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onFailure(Call<T> call, Throwable t) {
        if (mCallback == null){
            throw new NullPointerException("mCallback == null");
        }
        mCallback.onFailure();
    }
}

接下来我们写Response类,用于接收Gson解析回来的数据,这个只需写json数据信息里面的字段.代码如下:

/**
 * @className: LoginResponse
 * @classDescription: 获取登录返回的信息
 * @author: leibing
 * @createTime: 2016/08/30
 */
public class LoginResponse extends BaseResponse implements Serializable{
    // 序列化UID 用于反序列化
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 4863726647304575308L;
    // token
    public String accesstoken;
}

阅读仔细的童鞋会发现,在Convert工厂中Gson解析时,用到了一个BaseResponse,这个响应类是作为基类,就是服务端返回的固定json数据格式,因为每个项目返回的固定格式可能不一样,所以只需改这里,就能定制对应项目的网络框架.
BaseResponse代码如下:

/**
 * @className: BaseResponse
 * @classDescription: 网络请求返回对象公共抽象类
 * @author: leibing
 * @createTime: 2016/08/30
 */
public class BaseResponse implements Serializable {
    // 序列化UID 用于反序列化
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 234513596098152098L;
    // 是否成功
    private boolean isSuccess;
    // 数据
    public String info;
    // 错误消息
    public String errormsg;

    public boolean isSuccess() {
        return isSuccess;
    }

    public void setSuccess(boolean success) {
        isSuccess = success;
    }

    public String getInfo() {
        return info;
    }

    public void setInfo(String info) {
        this.info = info;
    }

    public String getErrormsg() {
        return errormsg;
    }

    public void setErrormsg(String errormsg) {
        this.errormsg = errormsg;
    }
}

一个简洁、实用、易移植的网络框架模块封装完毕.

本项目已开源github,地址:a common httpRequest.

如有疑问请联系,联系方式如下:

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