linux下安装mysql

2018-08-17 本文已影响0人 yandaren

官方下载地址 : https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

IMG20180817_162402.png

操作系统我们选择linux-generic, 然后选择x86_64安装包

安装包下载完后之后，将安装包解压

tar xvf mysql-8.0.12-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

解压完毕之后，我们将文件夹移动到 /usr/local下面, 然后建立软连接（符号链接或者说类似windows的快捷方式）

root@debian:~/soft# mv ./mysql-8.0.12-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64  /usr/local/
root@debian:~/soft# cd /usr/local/
root@debian:/usr/local# ls
bin  etc  games  include  lib  man  mysql-8.0.12-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64  sbin  share  src
root@debian:/usr/local# ln -s mysql-8.0.12-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ /usr/local/mysql
root@debian:/usr/local# ls
bin  games    lib  mysql                                sbin   src
etc  include  man  mysql-8.0.12-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64  share

安装步骤

创建mysql用户组

root@debian:/usr/local# groupadd  mysql

创建mysql用户，并放入mysql用户组

root@debian:/usr/local# useradd -r -g mysql mysql

修改文件夹权限
将mysql下的文件所有者都改为root

chown -R root .

将mysql下的文件的用户组改为mysql

chgrp -R mysql .

最后文件权限如下

root@debian:/usr/local/mysql# ls -la
total 340
drwxr-xr-x 10 root mysql   4096 Aug 17 17:58 .
drwxrwsr-x 11 root staff   4096 Aug 17 16:59 ..
drwxr-xr-x  2 root mysql   4096 Aug 17 16:46 bin
drwxr-xr-x  2 root mysql   4096 Aug 17 16:46 docs
drwxr-xr-x  3 root mysql   4096 Aug 17 16:45 include
drwxr-xr-x  5 root mysql   4096 Aug 17 16:46 lib
-rw-r--r--  1 root mysql 301518 Jun 29 00:18 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x  4 root mysql   4096 Aug 17 16:45 man
-rw-r--r--  1 root mysql    687 Jun 29 00:18 README
drwxr-xr-x 28 root mysql   4096 Aug 17 16:46 share
drwxr-xr-x  2 root mysql   4096 Aug 17 16:46 support-files

初始化数据库
注意, 此操作之后，最后一行会有一个初始化密码，用于root账号的首次登陆

root@debian:/usr/local/mysql# ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
./bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

提示没有 libasio.so.1, 安装之(还缺少libnuma.so.1，一起安装)

apt-get install libaio1
apt-get install libnuma1

然后在试下初始化

root@debian:/usr/local/mysql# ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
2018-08-17T10:13:54.738725Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql-8.0.12-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.12) initializing of server in progress as process 15658
2018-08-17T10:13:57.502167Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: g3JLtaUwr4,n
2018-08-17T10:13:58.911266Z 0 [System] [MY-013170] [Server] /usr/local/mysql-8.0.12-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.12) initializing of server has completed

注意这行，这里给出了首次登陆的密码: g3JLtaUwr4,n

A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: g3JLtaUwr4,n

生成证书
```
./bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
```

修改文件所有者，保证修改下如下

root@debian:/usr/local/mysql# ls -la
total 344
drwxr-xr-x 11 root mysql   4096 Aug 17 18:13 .
drwxrwsr-x 11 root staff   4096 Aug 17 16:59 ..
drwxr-xr-x  2 root mysql   4096 Aug 17 16:46 bin
drwxr-x---  5 root mysql   4096 Aug 17 18:14 data
drwxr-xr-x  2 root mysql   4096 Aug 17 16:46 docs
drwxr-xr-x  3 root mysql   4096 Aug 17 16:45 include
drwxr-xr-x  5 root mysql   4096 Aug 17 16:46 lib
-rw-r--r--  1 root mysql 301518 Jun 29 00:18 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x  4 root mysql   4096 Aug 17 16:45 man
-rw-r--r--  1 root mysql    687 Jun 29 00:18 README
drwxr-xr-x 28 root mysql   4096 Aug 17 16:46 share
drwxr-xr-x  2 root mysql   4096 Aug 17 16:46 support-files

启动数据库实例

root@debian:/usr/local/mysql# ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
[1] 15724
root@debian:/usr/local/mysql# Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/debian.err'.
2018-08-17T10:27:46.201422Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data

新开一个连接终端，检查下mysql是否已经启动

root@debian:/usr/local/mysql# netstat  -ano | grep 3306
tcp6       0      0 :::33060                :::*                    LISTEN      off (0.00/0/0)
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      off (0.00/0/0)

首次登录并且修改root密码
提示Enter password 的时候，输入上面生成的密码

root@debian:/usr/local/mysql# cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
root@debian:/usr/local/mysql/bin# ./mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.12

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

修改密码, 假设我们修改为123456

mysql> set password = '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)

mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' password expire never;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>

增加一个 root@%账号实现远程登录

grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456' with grant option;

或者用改表法

mysql> use mysql;
Database changed
mysql> update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select host, user from user;
+-----------+------------------+
| host      | user             |
+-----------+------------------+
| %         | root             |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema |
| localhost | mysql.session    |
| localhost | mysql.sys        |
+-----------+------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

配置服务自动启动
- 复制服务文件到 /etc/init.d
```
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
```
- 启用mysqld.service
```
systemctl enable mysqld.service
```
如果不先执行该命令，会提示服务load失败
```
Failed to start mysqld.service: Unit mysqld.service failed to load: No such file or directory.
```
- 服务相关命令
  - 服务状态：service mysqld status
  - 服务启动：service mysqld start
  - 服务停止：service mysqld stop
将mysql的二进制目录放入环境变量
打开文件 /etc/profile
在文件尾部加上
```
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
```
然后运行命令 source /etc/profile 以使环境变量马上生效
至此，就完成了mysql的安装和配置

linux下安装mysql

猜你喜欢

热点阅读