linux笔记2
qemu中uboot用tftp加载内核并用NFS作为根文件系统
作者 codercjg 在 20 八月 2015, 5:16 下午
1.****设置****nfs服务器
sudo apt-get install nfs-kernel-server
sudo vim /etc/exports 增加一行内容：
/nfs *(rw,sync,no_root_squash)
其中/nfs表示作文根文件系统的目录， *表示任何主机都可以访问
重启nfs服务：
sudo /etc/init.d/portmap restart
sudo /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart
然后把之前用busybox制作好的_install目录下内容全部拷到/nfs下
设置主机ip:
ifconfig eth0 192.168.5.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
2. 设置uboot
uboot中include/configs/versatile.h中设置参数和命令
define CONFIG_BOOTARGS"root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=192.168.5.1:/nfs "\
"nfsaddrs=192.168.5.3:192.168.5.1:192.168.5.2:255.255.255.0::eth0:off "\
"mem=128M "\
"netdev=25,0,0xf1010000,0xf1010010,eth0 "\
"console=ttyAMA0,38400n1"
define CONFIG_SMC91111_EXT_PHY
define CONFIG_NETMASK 255.255.255.0
define CONFIG_IPADDR 192.168.5.3
define CONFIG_SERVERIP 192.168.5.1
define CONFIG_INITRD_TAG
define CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND \
"set ipaddr 192.168.5.3;"\
"set serverip 192.168.5.1;"\
"tftpboot 0x00008000 uImage;"\
"bootm 0x8000 "
uImage在/tftpboot下，要开启tftp server服务
其中192.168.5.3为uboot ip, 192.168.5.2为qemu ip，192.168.5.1为主机ip
3. 启动uboot
qemu-system-arm加载uboot:
sudo modprobe tun
qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -kernel u-boot -net nic,vlan=0,macaddr=00:4c:4c:00:00:01 -net tap,vlan=0 -nographic
这样uboot启动后就会通过tftp把主机上的/tftpboot目录下的zImage下载到ram 0×8000处，并把主机中/nfs目录作为根文件系统
手动启动命令为：
tftp 0×8000 uImage
bootm 0×8000
如果tftp失败，则添加一条路由 route add -host 192.168.5.3 gw 192.168.5.2
启动日志：
U-Boot 2015.07 (Aug 20 2015 - 10:44:36 +0200)
DRAM: 128 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: ## Unknown flash on Bank 1 - Size = 0x00000000 = 0 MB
*** failed ***
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: SMC91111-0
Warning: SMC91111-0 using MAC address from net device
Warning: Your board does not use generic board. Please read
doc/README.generic-board and take action. Boards not
upgraded by the late 2014 may break or be removed.
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
SMC91111: MAC 00:4c:4c:00:00:01
Using SMC91111-0 device
TFTP from server 192.168.5.1; our IP address is 192.168.5.3
Filename 'uImage'.
Load address: 0x8000
Loading: T #################################################################
#######################################################
321.3 KiB/s
done
Bytes transferred = 1756040 (1acb88 hex)
Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 00008000 ...
Image Name: Linux-3.2.0
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 1755976 Bytes = 1.7 MiB
Load Address: 00008000
Entry Point: 00008000
Loading Kernel Image ... OK
Starting kernel ...
Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.
Linux version 3.2.0 (user@instant-contiki) (gcc version 4.8.3 20140320 (prerelease) (Sourcery CodeBench Lite 2014.05-29) ) #6 Tue Aug 18 19:59:05 CEST 2015
CPU: ARM926EJ-S [41069265] revision 5 (ARMv5TEJ), cr=00093177
CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache
Machine: ARM-Versatile PB
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
sched_clock: 32 bits at 24MHz, resolution 41ns, wraps every 178956ms
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 32512
Kernel command line: root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=192.168.5.1:/nfs nfsaddrs=192.168.5.3:192.168.5.1:192.168.5.2:255.255.255.0::eth0:off mem=128M netdev=25,0,0xf1010000,0xf1010010,eth0 console=ttyAMA0,38400n1
PID hash table entries: 512 (order: -1, 2048 bytes)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Memory: 128MB = 128MB total
Memory: 126444k/126444k available, 4628k reserved, 0K highmem
Virtual kernel memory layout:
vector : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000 ( 4 kB)
fixmap : 0xfff00000 - 0xfffe0000 ( 896 kB)
vmalloc : 0xc8800000 - 0xd8000000 ( 248 MB)
lowmem : 0xc0000000 - 0xc8000000 ( 128 MB)
modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xc0000000 ( 16 MB)
.text : 0xc0008000 - 0xc030cf1c (3092 kB)
.init : 0xc030d000 - 0xc0329000 ( 112 kB)
.data : 0xc032a000 - 0xc03474a0 ( 118 kB)
.bss : 0xc03474c4 - 0xc0361444 ( 104 kB)
NR_IRQS:192
VIC @f1140000: id 0x00041190, vendor 0x41
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
Calibrating delay loop... 307.20 BogoMIPS (lpj=1536000)
pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
NET: Registered protocol family 16
Serial: AMBA PL011 UART driver
dev:f1: ttyAMA0 at MMIO 0x101f1000 (irq = 12) is a PL011 rev1
console [ttyAMA0] enabled
dev:f2: ttyAMA1 at MMIO 0x101f2000 (irq = 13) is a PL011 rev1
dev:f3: ttyAMA2 at MMIO 0x101f3000 (irq = 14) is a PL011 rev1
fpga:09: ttyAMA3 at MMIO 0x10009000 (irq = 38) is a PL011 rev1
bio: create slab <bio-0> at 0
Switching to clocksource timer3
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 4096 bind 4096)
TCP reno registered
UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
NET: Registered protocol family 1
RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
RPC: Registered udp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (double precision)
Installing knfsd (copyright (C) 1996 okir@monad.swb.de).
JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) © 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
ROMFS MTD (C) 2007 Red Hat, Inc.
msgmni has been set to 246
Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 254)
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler deadline registered
io scheduler cfq registered (default)
clcd-pl11x dev:20: PL110 rev0 at 0x10120000
clcd-pl11x dev:20: Versatile hardware, VGA display
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 80x60
brd: module loaded
physmap platform flash device: 04000000 at 34000000
physmap-flash physmap-flash.0: map_probe failed
smc91x.c: v1.1, sep 22 2004 by Nicolas Pitre <nico@fluxnic.net>
eth0: SMC91C11xFD (rev 1) at c8800000 IRQ 25 [nowait]
eth0: Ethernet addr: 00:4c:4c:00:00:01
mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
TCP cubic registered
NET: Registered protocol family 17
VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 1 part 10 variant 9 rev 0
eth0: link up
IP-Config: Complete:
device=eth0, addr=192.168.5.3, mask=255.255.255.0, gw=192.168.5.2,
host=192.168.5.3, domain=, nis-domain=(none),
bootserver=192.168.5.1, rootserver=192.168.5.1, rootpath=
input: AT Raw Set 2 keyboard as /devices/fpga:06/serio0/input/input0
input: ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse as /devices/fpga:07/serio1/input/input1
VFS: Mounted root (nfs filesystem) on device 0:11.
Freeing init memory: 112K
Please press Enter to activate this console.
/ # ls
bin dev etc linuxrc proc sbin sys usr
主机、qemu和uboot三者的ip要设置为同一个网段。
qemu中实现uboot和主机网络通信
作者 codercjg 在 19 八月 2015, 4:36 下午
1.修改u-boot/include/configs/versatile.h
define CONFIG_SMC91111_EXT_PHY
没有这句ping时总会报“SMC91111: PHY auto-negotiate timed out”
然后重新编译uboot
2.修改/etc/qemu-ifup
!/sbin/bash
ifconfig $1 192.168.5.2
3.启动qemu
sudo modprobe tun
qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -kernel u-boot -net nic,vlan=0,macaddr=00:4c:4c:00:00:01 -net tap,vlan=0 -nographic
3.设置主机IP添加路由表项
ifconfig eth0 192.168.5.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
route add -host 192.168.5.3 gw 192.168.5.2
route add -host 192.168.5.1 gw 192.168.5.2
可以用route -n 查看设置后的路由表
4.设置uboot IP
set ipaddr 192.168.5.3
set netmask 255.255.255.0
用print可以打印env查看设置的参数：
VersatilePB # printbaudrate=38400bootargs=root=/dev/nfs mem=128M ip=dhcp netdev=25,0,0xf1010000,0xf1010010,eth0 console=ttyAMA0,38400n1bootdelay=2bootfile=/tftpboot/uImageethact=SMC91111-0ethaddr=00:4c:4c:00:00:01ipaddr=192.168.5.3netmask=255.255.255.0serverip=192.168.5.1stderr=serialstdin=serialstdout=serialverify=n
之后就可以在uboot中ping通主机了
VersatilePB # ping 192.168.5.1SMC91111: MAC 00:4c:4c:00:00:01Using SMC91111-0 devicehost 192.168.5.1 is alive
参考： 为qemu中的u-boot增加网络支持http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-20552523-id-2191633.html
ubuntu下tftp服务器的安装、配置、使用（转）
作者 codercjg 在 18 八月 2015, 4:07 下午
安装$ apt-get install tftp-hpa tftpd-hpa
建立目录$ mkdir /tftpboot # 这是建立tftp传输目录。$ sudo chmod 0777 /tftpboot$ sudo touch test.txt # test.txt文件最好输入内容以便区分
配置$ sudo vi /etc/default/tftpd-hpa
TFTP_USERNAME=”tftp”** TFTP_DIRECTORY=”/tftpboot” # 这里是你的tftpd-hpa的服务目录,这个想建立在哪里都行TFTP_ADDRESS=”0.0.0.0:69″** TFTP_OPTIONS=”-l -c -s” # 这里是选项,-c是可以上传文件的参数，-s是指定tftpd-hpa服务目录，上面已经指定
重启服务$ sudo service tftpd-hpa restart # 启动服务，这里要注意，采用的独立服务形式。
测试$ tftp 127.0.0.1tftp>get test.txttftp>put test1.txttftp>qverbose可以开启显示详细信息
原文地址：http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-26495963-id-3206829.html
qemu 模拟arm跑linux
作者 codercjg 在 12 八月 2015, 3:32 下午
1.安装qemu
sudo apt-get install qemu qemu-kvm qemu-kvm-extras
ubuntu us的源很慢，可以改成国内阿里的源。
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
:%s/us.archive/cn.archive
安装好后，qemu-system-arm M ? 可以查看qemu支持的开发板
user@instant-contiki:~/qemu/busybox-1.23.2$ qemu-system-arm -M ?
Supported machines are:
beagle Beagle board (OMAP3530)
beaglexm Beagle board XM (OMAP3630)
collie Collie PDA (SA-1110)
nuri Samsung NURI board (Exynos4210)
smdkc210 Samsung SMDKC210 board (Exynos4210)
connex Gumstix Connex (PXA255)
verdex Gumstix Verdex (PXA270)
highbank Calxeda Highbank (ECX-1000)
integratorcp ARM Integrator/CP (ARM926EJ-S) (default)
mainstone Mainstone II (PXA27x)
musicpal Marvell 88w8618 / MusicPal (ARM926EJ-S)
n800 Nokia N800 tablet aka. RX-34 (OMAP2420)
n810 Nokia N810 tablet aka. RX-44 (OMAP2420)
n900 Nokia N900 (OMAP3)
sx1 Siemens SX1 (OMAP310) V2
sx1-v1 Siemens SX1 (OMAP310) V1
overo Gumstix Overo board (OMAP3530)
cheetah Palm Tungsten|E aka. Cheetah PDA (OMAP310)
realview-eb ARM RealView Emulation Baseboard (ARM926EJ-S)
realview-eb-mpcore ARM RealView Emulation Baseboard (ARM11MPCore)
realview-pb-a8 ARM RealView Platform Baseboard for Cortex-A8
realview-pbx-a9 ARM RealView Platform Baseboard Explore for Cortex-A9
akita Akita PDA (PXA270)
spitz Spitz PDA (PXA270)
borzoi Borzoi PDA (PXA270)
terrier Terrier PDA (PXA270)
lm3s811evb Stellaris LM3S811EVB
lm3s6965evb Stellaris LM3S6965EVB
tosa Tosa PDA (PXA255)
versatilepb ARM Versatile/PB (ARM926EJ-S)
versatileab ARM Versatile/AB (ARM926EJ-S)
vexpress-a9 ARM Versatile Express for Cortex-A9
vexpress-a15 ARM Versatile Express for Cortex-A15
z2 Zipit Z2 (PXA27x)
2.去官网下载uboot、linux内核、busybox最新代码还有arm-linux交叉编译工具链
最好在～/.bashrc里加上两句
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/arm-2014.05/bin
export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi-
方便后面编译linux内核和busybox.
然后source ~/.bashrc让它生效
3.编译linux内核
在linux源码目录下
make versatile_defconfig ARCH=arm后生成.config文件
然后把.config文件修改下，加上一句CONFIG_AEABI=y，不然后面加载initramfs会出错
然后make -j12 all ARCH=arm
之后再arch/arm/boot下生存zImage
4.编译busybox
make defconfig ARCH=arm
make menuconfig进入配置界面
build option下选择生成静态库文件
make ARCH=arm
编译完成后
make install会在busybox目录下生成_install目录，然后在该目录下
mkdir dev etc proc sys etc/init.d，之后_install目录如下
bin dev etc linuxrc proc sbin sys usr
在init.d目录下创建文件rcS, 内容如下
!/bin/sh
mount -t proc none /proc
mount -t sysfs none /sys
/sbin/mdev -s
给rcS加上可执行权限 chmod +x rcS
生成ramdisk文件
在_insall目录下执行命令
find . | cpio -o --format=newc > ../initramfs
5.启动linux
qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -kernel arch/arm/boot/zImage -initrd ../busybox-1.23.2/initramfs -serial stdio -append “console=ttyAMA0 root=dev/arm rdinit=/sbin/init”
之后就能看到启动Linux后的Please press Enter to activate this console.
其实也不一定就要使用busybox制作的ramfs文件系统，也可以启动一个简单的hello world。
参考：
http://blog.csdn.net/caspiansea/article/details/12361787
http://blog.csdn.net/caspiansea/article/details/12342053
linux用vsftpd搭建ftp服务器
作者 codercjg 在 11 八月 2015, 11:28 上午
网上说得太复杂，我只需要简单的文件传输功能。整个过程分五步：
1.安装vsftpd
sudo apt-get install vsftpd
2.配置vsftpd
sudo vim /etc/vsftpd.conf
anonymous_enable=NO
local_enable=YES
write_enable=YES
chroot_local_user=YES
local_root=/home/ftp
3.创建可访问的目录
sudo mkdir /home/ftp
sudo chmod a+w /home/ftp
4.创建可访问的用户
sudo useradd -d /home/ftp -M fuser
sudo passwd fuser
5.重启vsftpd服务
sudo service vsftpd restart
就下来就可以在该linux上浏览器里用ftp://127.0.0.1测试, 或者在windows用cuteftp工具测试。
