硅三角 （之二）
“英文部分来自经济学人，译文仅供个人研习、欣赏语言之用，谢绝任何转载及用于任何商业用途。本译文所涉法律后果均由本人承担。本人同意简书平台在接获有关著作权人的通知后，删除文章。”
The official story attributes Shenzhen’ssuccess tobrave party leaders and far-sighted policies. Deng Xiaoping is lauded for liberalising the region’s economy. Later political leaders receive praise for investments in infrastructure that enabled rapid growth. That is an incomplete versionof history.
laud [ lɔ:d ]
v. praise, glorify, or honor赞美、称赞。
官方将深圳的成功归功于党领导人的英明决策和远见卓识。邓小平因解放了该地区的经济而备受称赞。之后的政治领导人也因为基础设施投资促成经济高速发展而受到好评。而这一版本的历史并不完整。
An incisive new book, “Learning from Shenzhen”, edited by Mary Ann O’Donnell, Winnie Wong and Jonathan Bach, reveals that many of the advances seen since the city was opened up in 1980 camedisruptively from below.For example, early reformerspushed ahead with unauthorised investment deals with non-mainland companies and retroactively developed the legal framework needed to protect foreign firms. Time and again, grassroots innovators hit on better ways of doing things, even though strictly speaking they were not permitted. When their risk-taking proved successful, communist leaders typically took the credit. So the best way to study innovation in Shenzhen is to examine it through the eyes of its entrepreneurial firms.
Incisive
acute discriminating keen knifelike penetrating penetrative piercing sharp（敏锐的、尖锐的，adj.）
retroactively
adv. retroactive的变形
retroactive [,retrəu'æktiv]
Adj.逆动的；反作用的；追溯既往的；有追溯效力的；从以前某天起开始生效的
由玛丽·安·奥多奈尔，黄韵然和乔纳森·巴赫编著的新书《向深圳学习》，观点深刻而尖锐。这本书一针见血地指出自这个城市1980年开放以来的诸多进步来自于底层的颠覆性发展。例如，非内地企业的投资协议尚未批准，早期的改革者就先推进项目，之后才发展出法律框架，保护外国公司。草根创新者一次又一次地改进做事的方法，尽管严格来说，很多事情是不被允许的。 当他们这些冒险的行为取得成功后，党的领导人通常会归功于自己。因此，研究深圳创新的最好办法就是以创业企业的视角去观察它。
The common perception that China is incapable of innovation needs re-examining. According to a widely quoted study published earlier this decade, the value added on the mainland to Apple’s iPods (nearly all of which are assembled there) represents less than 5% of the total, reinforcing the stereotype of Chinese factories as low-end sweatshops. However, a more recent study by Britain’s University of Sussex and others for the European Commission concludes that the iPod example “is far from representative”. These researchers calculate that the average value China adds to its exports is 76% (the EU’s is 87%). The World Bank reaches similar conclusions.
认为中国没有创新能力的看法需要重新审视。据几年前发表的一份广泛被引用的研究，中国内地生产苹果iPod播放器（几乎全在内地组装）的附加值不到产品总价值的5%，进而强化了中国工厂是低端血汗工厂的刻板印象。但是英国萨克塞斯大学和欧盟其他大学的一项最新研究得出的结论是iPod的例子“远不具备代表性”。研究人员计算了中国出口产品的平均附加值约为76%，而欧盟的数据是87%。世界银行也得出了相似的结论。
The PRD’s companies, whichaccount fora huge chunk of China’s innovation, have been moving up the value chain. Local firms that used to rely entirely on imported know-how and parts have started to work on their own inventions and methods. Foreign firms that used to come to the delta to harness its brawn are now tapping into its brains as well. Today, Shenzhen is attracting many entrepreneurs keen to develop new ways of making things. The innovators are transforming the entire delta into an advanced manufacturing cluster. Many multinationals have a listening post in the city to stay close to the latest trends.
珠三角的企业对中国的创新贡献巨大，这些企业已经向价值链的上游迈进。过去完全依赖进口知识和零部件的本地企业也已开始研究它们自己的创新和方法。过去冲着利用体力进入珠三角的外国企业也开始研究如何利用其脑力。今天的深圳，吸引着众多热衷于开发新生产方法的创业者。这些创新者正将整个珠三角转变为先进制造业的集聚地。许多跨国企业也在深圳设有情报站以跟上最新的趋势。
