Java设计模式之工厂模式

2021-03-14  本文已影响0人  mundane

需求说明

一个披萨订购的项目,要便于披萨种类的扩展,要便于维护

  1. 披萨的种类很多,比如GreekPizza、CheesePizza
  2. 披萨的制作有prepare、bake、cut、box
  3. 完成披萨店订购的功能

传统写法

Pizza.java

public abstract class Pizza {

    public abstract void prepare();

    private String name;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void bake() {
        System.out.println(name + " baking");
    }

    public void cut() {
        System.out.println(name + " cutting");
    }

    public void box() {
        System.out.println(name + " boxing");
    }

}

奶酪披萨

public class CheesePizza extends Pizza {
    @Override
    public void prepare() {
        System.out.println("给制作奶酪披萨准备原材料");
    }
}

希腊披萨

public class GreekPizza extends Pizza {
    @Override
    public void prepare() {
        System.out.println("给制作希腊披萨准备原材料");
    }
}

披萨订购

public class OrderPizza {

    public OrderPizza() {
        Pizza pizza = null;
        String orderType;
        do {
            orderType = getType();
            if (orderType.equals("greek")) {
                pizza = new GreekPizza();
                pizza.setName("希腊披萨");
            } else if (orderType.equals("cheese")) {
                pizza = new CheesePizza();
                pizza.setName("奶酪披萨");
            } else {
                break;
            }
            pizza.prepare();
            pizza.bake();
            pizza.cut();
            pizza.box();
        } while (true);
    }

    private String getType() {
        try {
            BufferedReader strin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
            System.out.println("input pizza type:");
            String str = strin.readLine();
            return str;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return "";
        }
    }
}

披萨店

public class PizzaStore {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new OrderPizza();
    }
}

这样就能根据输入的披萨种类,来制作对应的披萨
输出如下

input pizza type:
cheese
给制作奶酪披萨准备原材料
奶酪披萨 baking
奶酪披萨 cutting
奶酪披萨 boxing
input pizza type:
greek
给制作希腊披萨准备原材料
希腊披萨 baking
希腊披萨 cutting
希腊披萨 boxing
input pizza type:
hello

Process finished with exit code 0

这种写法的优点是比较好理解,简单易操作,但是缺点是违反了设计模式的ocp原则,即对扩展开发,对修改关闭。比如我们要增加一个新的Pizza种类,就需要修改OrderPizza中的代码,如果有好多个

简单工厂模式

针对上面写法的缺点进行改造,把创建Pizza对象封装到一个类中,这样我们有新的Pizza种类时,只需要修改该类即可,其他有创建Pizza对象的代码就不需要修改了 -> 简单工程模式。
简单工厂模式属于创建型模式,是工厂模式的一种,由一个工厂对象决定创建出哪一种产品的实例。它定义了一个创建对象的类,由这个类封装实例化对象的行为。在软件开发中,当我们会用到大量的创建某种、某类或者某批对象时,就会用到工厂模式

工厂类

public class SimpleFactory {
    public Pizza createPizza(String type) {
        Pizza pizza = null;
        System.out.println("使用简单工厂模式");

        if (type.equals("greek")) {
            pizza = new GreekPizza();
            pizza.setName("希腊披萨");
        } else if (type.equals("cheese")) {
            pizza = new CheesePizza();
            pizza.setName("奶酪披萨");
        } else if (type.equals("pepper")){
            pizza = new PepperPizza();
            pizza.setName("胡椒披萨");
        } else {
            pizza = null;
        }
        return pizza;
    }

}

披萨订购类

public class OrderPizza {

    private SimpleFactory factory;

    private Pizza pizza;

    public OrderPizza(SimpleFactory factory) {
        this.factory = factory;
        String orderType = "";
        do {
            orderType = getType();
            pizza = this.factory.createPizza(orderType);
            if (pizza != null) {
                pizza.prepare();
                pizza.bake();
                pizza.cut();
                pizza.box();
            } else {
                System.out.println("订购披萨失败");
                break;
            }

        } while (true);
    }

    private String getType() {
        try {
            BufferedReader strin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
            System.out.println("input pizza type:");
            String str = strin.readLine();
            return str;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return "";
        }
    }
}

披萨店

public class PizzaStore {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 使用简单工厂模式
        new OrderPizza(new SimpleFactory());
        System.out.println("退出了程序");
    }
}

静态工厂模式

简单工厂模式也叫静态工厂模式,原因是创建对象的方法可以写成一个静态方法。将上面的代码做如下修改
SimpleFactory增加一个方法:

    public static Pizza createPizza2(String type) {
        Pizza pizza = null;
        System.out.println("使用静态工厂模式");

        if (type.equals("greek")) {
            pizza = new GreekPizza();
            pizza.setName("希腊披萨");
        } else if (type.equals("cheese")) {
            pizza = new CheesePizza();
            pizza.setName("奶酪披萨");
        } else if (type.equals("pepper")){
            pizza = new PepperPizza();
            pizza.setName("胡椒披萨");
        } else {
            pizza = null;
        }
        return pizza;
    }

OrderPizza2

public class OrderPizza2 {


    private Pizza pizza;

    public OrderPizza2() {
        String orderType = "";
        do {
            orderType = getType();
            // 直接使用类名调用
            pizza = SimpleFactory.createPizza2(orderType);
            if (pizza != null) {
                pizza.prepare();
                pizza.bake();
                pizza.cut();
                pizza.box();
            } else {
                System.out.println("订购披萨失败");
                break;
            }

        } while (true);
    }

    private String getType() {
        try {
            BufferedReader strin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
            System.out.println("input pizza type:");
            String str = strin.readLine();
            return str;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return "";
        }
    }
}

披萨店

public class PizzaStore {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 使用静态工厂模式
        new OrderPizza2();
        System.out.println("退出了程序");
    }
}

效果是一样的

工厂方法模式

假如有了新的需求:
客户在点披萨时,可以点不同的口味,比如北京的奶酪pizza、北京的胡椒pizza或者伦敦的奶酪pizza、伦敦的胡椒pizza
工厂方法模式就是定义一个创建对象的抽象方法,由子类决定要实例化的类,工厂方法模式将对象的实例化推迟到子类

北京奶酪披萨

public class BJCheesePizza extends Pizza {
    @Override
    public void prepare() {
        setName("北京奶酪");
        System.out.println("为北京的奶酪披萨准备材料");
    }
}

北京胡椒披萨

public class BJPepperPizza extends Pizza {
    @Override
    public void prepare() {
        setName("北京胡椒");
        System.out.println("为北京的胡椒披萨准备材料");
    }
}

伦敦奶酪披萨

public class LDCheesePizza extends Pizza {
    @Override
    public void prepare() {
        setName("伦敦奶酪");
        System.out.println("为伦敦的奶酪披萨准备材料");
    }
}

伦敦胡椒披萨

public class LDPepperPizza extends Pizza {
    @Override
    public void prepare() {
        setName("伦敦胡椒");
        System.out.println("为伦敦的胡椒披萨准备材料");
    }
}

OrderPizza

public abstract class OrderPizza {



    public abstract Pizza createPizza(String orderType);

    public OrderPizza() {
        Pizza pizza = null;
        String orderType = "";
        do {
            orderType = getType();
            pizza = createPizza(orderType);
            if (pizza != null) {
                pizza.prepare();
                pizza.bake();
                pizza.cut();
                pizza.box();
            } else {
                System.out.println("订购披萨失败");
                break;
            }

        } while (true);
    }

    private String getType() {
        try {
            BufferedReader strin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
            System.out.println("input pizza type:");
            String str = strin.readLine();
            return str;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return "";
        }
    }
}

其中createPizza()这个抽象方法由子类去实现

北京OrderPizza

public class BJOrderPizza extends OrderPizza {
    @Override
    public Pizza createPizza(String orderType) {
        Pizza pizza = null;
        if (orderType.equals("cheese")) {
            pizza = new BJCheesePizza();
        } else if (orderType.equals("pepper")) {
            pizza = new BJPepperPizza();
        }
        return pizza;
    }
}

伦敦OrderPizza

public class LDOrderPizza extends OrderPizza {
    @Override
    public Pizza createPizza(String orderType) {
        Pizza pizza = null;
        if (orderType.equals("cheese")) {
            pizza = new LDCheesePizza();
        } else if (orderType.equals("pepper")) {
            pizza = new LDPepperPizza();
        }
        return pizza;
    }
}

PizzaStore

public class PizzaStore {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 工厂方法模式:定一个创建对象的抽象方法,由子类决定要实例化的类,工厂方法模式将对象的实例化推迟到子类
        String location = "bj";
        if (location.equals("bj")) {
            // 创建北京口味的各种披萨
            new BJOrderPizza();
            System.out.println("退出了程序");
        } else if (location.equals("ld")) {
            // 创建伦敦口味的各种披萨
            new LDOrderPizza();
            System.out.println("退出了程序");
        }
    }
}

抽象工厂模式

抽象工厂模式将工厂抽象成两层,AbsFactory(抽象工厂)和具体实现的工厂子类,程序员可以根据创建对象类型使用对象的工厂子类,这样将单个的简单工厂变成工厂簇,更利于代码的维护和扩展。

抽象工厂

public interface AbsFactory {
    Pizza createPizza(String orderType);
}

北京披萨工厂

public class BJFactory implements AbsFactory {
    @Override
    public Pizza createPizza(String orderType) {
        System.out.println("使用的是抽象工厂模式");
        Pizza pizza = null;
        if (orderType.equals("cheese")) {
            pizza = new BJCheesePizza();
        } else if (orderType.equals("pepper")) {
            pizza = new BJPepperPizza();
        }
        return pizza;
    }
}

伦敦披萨工厂

public class LDFactory implements AbsFactory {
    @Override
    public Pizza createPizza(String orderType) {
        System.out.println("使用的是抽象工厂模式");
        Pizza pizza = null;
        if (orderType.equals("cheese")) {
            pizza = new LDCheesePizza();
        } else if (orderType.equals("pepper")) {
            pizza = new LDPepperPizza();
        }
        return pizza;
    }
}

OrderPizza

public class OrderPizza {


    private AbsFactory factory;

    public OrderPizza(AbsFactory factory) {
        this.factory = factory;

        Pizza pizza = null;
        String orderType = "";
        do {
            orderType = getType();
            pizza = this.factory.createPizza(orderType);
            if (pizza != null) {
                pizza.prepare();
                pizza.bake();
                pizza.cut();
                pizza.box();
            } else {
                System.out.println("订购披萨失败");
                break;
            }

        } while (true);
    }

    private String getType() {
        try {
            BufferedReader strin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
            System.out.println("input pizza type:");
            String str = strin.readLine();
            return str;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return "";
        }
    }
}

PizzaStore

public class PizzaStore {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 抽象工厂模式:
        // 将工厂抽象成两层,抽象工厂和具体实现的工厂子类
        new OrderPizza(new BJFactory());
    }
}

小结

代码地址:
https://github.com/mundane799699/DesignPattern/tree/master/FactoryDesignPattern
参考:

尚硅谷Java设计模式(图解+框架源码剖析)

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