防护思路
一个博主分享的防护思路,常用方法,给大家分享一下( 原文请github 直接搜索ZXHookDetection )
### 越狱检测
1.使用NSFileManager通过检测一些越狱后的关键文件/路径是否可以访问来判断是否越狱
常见的文件/路径有
```objective-c
static char *JailbrokenPathArr[] = {"/Applications/Cydia.app","/usr/sbin/sshd","/bin/bash","/etc/apt","/Library/MobileSubstrate","/User/Applications/"};
```
[防]判断是否越狱(使用NSFileManager)
```objective-c
+ (BOOL)isJailbroken1{
if(TARGET_IPHONE_SIMULATOR)return NO;
for (int i = 0;i < sizeof(JailbrokenPathArr) / sizeof(char *);i++) {
if([[NSFileManager defaultManager] fileExistsAtPath:[NSString stringWithUTF8String:JailbrokenPathArr[i]]]){
return YES;
}
}
return NO;
}
```
调用isJailbroken1并将程序运行在越狱设备上,查看打印,检测出是越狱设备
```objective-c
2019-04-22 00:54:08.163918 ZXHookDetection[6933:1053473] isJailbroken1--1
```
[攻]攻击者可以通过hook NSFileManager的fileExistsAtPath方法来绕过检测
```objective-c
//绕过使用NSFileManager判断特定文件是否存在的越狱检测,此时直接返回NO势必会影响程序中对这个方法的正常使用,因此可以先打印一下path,然后判断如果path是用来判断是否越狱则返回NO,否则按照正常逻辑返回
%hook NSFileManager
- (BOOL)fileExistsAtPath:(NSString *)path{
if(TARGET_IPHONE_SIMULATOR)return NO;
for (int i = 0;i < sizeof(JailbrokenPathArr) / sizeof(char *);i++) {
NSString *jPath = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:JailbrokenPathArr[i]];
if([path isEqualToString:jPath]){
return NO;
}
}
return %orig;
}
%end
```
注入dylib后再次查看打印,已绕过越狱检测
```objective-c
2019-04-22 00:58:22.950881 ZXHookDetection[6941:1054289] isJailbroken1--0
```
2.使用C语言函数stat判断文件是否存在(注:stat函数用于获取对应文件信息,返回0则为获取成功,-1为获取失败)
[防]判断是否越狱(使用stat)
```objective-c
+ (BOOL)isJailbroken2{
if(TARGET_IPHONE_SIMULATOR)return NO;
for (int i = 0;i < sizeof(JailbrokenPathArr) / sizeof(char *);i++) {
struct stat stat_info;
if (0 == stat(JailbrokenPathArr[i], &stat_info)) {
return YES;
}
}
return NO;
}
```
调用isJailbroken2并将程序运行在越狱设备上,查看打印,检测出是越狱设备
```objective-c
2019-04-22 00:54:08.164001 ZXHookDetection[6933:1053473] isJailbroken2--1
```
[攻]使用fishhook可hook C函数,fishhook通过在mac-o文件中查找并替换函数地址达到hook的目的
```objective-c
static int (*orig_stat)(char *c, struct stat *s);
int hook_stat(char *c, struct stat *s){
for (int i = 0;i < sizeof(JailbrokenPathArr) / sizeof(char *);i++) {
if(0 == strcmp(c, JailbrokenPathArr[i])){
return 0;
}
}
return orig_stat(c,s);
}
+(void)statHook{
struct rebinding stat_rebinding = {"stat", hook_stat, (void *)&orig_stat};
rebind_symbols((struct rebinding[1]){stat_rebinding}, 1);
}
```
在动态库加载的时候,调用statHook
```objective-c
%ctor{
[StatHook statHook];
}
```
注入dylib后再次查看打印,已绕过越狱检测
```objective-c
2019-04-22 00:58:22.950933 ZXHookDetection[6941:1054289] isJailbroken2--0
```
[防]判断stat的来源是否来自于系统库,因为fishhook通过交换函数地址来实现hook,若hook了stat,则stat来源将指向攻击者注入的动态库中
因此我们可以完善上方的isJailbroken2判断规则,若stat来源非系统库,则直接返回已越狱
```objective-c
+ (BOOL)isJailbroken2{
if(TARGET_IPHONE_SIMULATOR)return NO;
int ret ;
Dl_info dylib_info;
int (*func_stat)(const char *, struct stat *) = stat;
if ((ret = dladdr(func_stat, &dylib_info))) {
NSString *fName = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:dylib_info.dli_fname];
NSLog(@"fname--%@",fName);
if(![fName isEqualToString:@"/usr/lib/system/libsystem_kernel.dylib"]){
return YES;
}
}
for (int i = 0;i < sizeof(JailbrokenPathArr) / sizeof(char *);i++) {
struct stat stat_info;
if (0 == stat(JailbrokenPathArr[i], &stat_info)) {
return YES;
}
}
return NO;
}
```
注入dylib后再次查看打印,检测出stat非来自系统库,自动判定为越狱设备
```objective-c
2019-04-22 00:58:22.950933 ZXHookDetection[6941:1054289] isJailbroken2--1
```
3.通过环境变量DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES判断是否越狱,若获取到的为NULL,则未越狱
```objective-c
+ (BOOL)isJailbroken3{
if(TARGET_IPHONE_SIMULATOR)return NO;
return !(NULL == getenv("DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES"));
}
```
[攻]此时依然可以使用fishhook hook函数getenv,攻防方法同上,此处不再赘述。
***
### 非法动态库注入检测
[防]通过遍历dyld_image检测非法注入的动态库
```objective-c
+ (BOOL)isExternalLibs{
if(TARGET_IPHONE_SIMULATOR)return NO;
int dyld_count = _dyld_image_count();
for (int i = 0; i < dyld_count; i++) {
const char * imageName = _dyld_get_image_name(i);
NSString *res = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:imageName];
if([res hasPrefix:@"/var/containers/Bundle/Application"]){
if([res hasSuffix:@".dylib"]){
//这边还需要过滤掉自己项目中本身有的动态库
return YES;
}
}
}
return NO;
}
```
攻击者注入dylib之后,已被检测出非法动态库注入
```objective-c
2019-04-22 00:58:22.951011 ZXHookDetection[6941:1054289] isExternalLibs--1
```
[攻]可以hook NSString的hasPrefix方法绕过检测
***
### 关键函数hook检测、阻止hook、hook白名单
#### 攻击者dylib动态库注入总是早于类中的+load方法调用,因此在+load方法中无法进行防护,我们可以先link一个自己的framework,并在framework中+load方法内进行防护
*创建一个framework,并在其中创建一个名为ZXMyFramework的类,在+load中进行防护操作
*防护操作基本思路是,我们在攻击者之前hook method_exchangeImplementations与method_setImplementation,使用fishhook进行函数指针交换,并使得我们可以轻松监控所有调用method_exchangeImplementations与method_setImplementation的情况,因Method Swizzle,Cydia Substrate进行方法交换均至少会调用以上两个方法中的一个,因此可以以此检测、阻止重要方法被hook
*在示例demo中,我们在控制器的viewDidload方法中将当前控制器view的背景色设置为绿色,在hook项目中,通过hook ViewController的viewDidload方法,将控制器view的背景色设置为红色,以便我们可以清晰查看这一流程
原控制器viewDidload中代码
```objective-c
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor];
}
```
攻击者hook部分代码
```objective-c
%hook ViewController
-(void)viewDidLoad{
self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
}
%end
```
注入dylib后运行项目,发现控制器view已变为红色
*开始防护,在ZXMyFramework的+load方法中,实现method_exchangeImplementations与method_setImplementation的方法交换,以下为ZXMyFramework.m中类的源码
```objective-c
#pragma mark 受保护的方法数组
static char *DefendSelStrs[] = {"viewDidLoad","bundleIdentifier"};
@implementation ZXMyFramework
void (* orig_exchangeImple)(Method _Nonnull m1, Method _Nonnull m2);
IMP _Nonnull (* orig_setImple)(Method _Nonnull m, IMP _Nonnull imp);
IMP _Nonnull (* getIMP)(Method _Nonnull m);
+(void)load{
NSLog(@"ZXMyFrameworkLoaded!");
if(TARGET_IPHONE_SIMULATOR)return;
struct rebinding exchange_rebinding;
exchange_rebinding.name = "method_exchangeImplementations";
exchange_rebinding.replacement = hook_exchangeImple;
exchange_rebinding.replaced=(void *)&orig_exchangeImple;
struct rebinding setImple_rebinding;
setImple_rebinding.name = "method_setImplementation";
setImple_rebinding.replacement = hook_setImple;
setImple_rebinding.replaced=(void *)&orig_setImple;
struct rebinding rebindings[]={exchange_rebinding,setImple_rebinding};
rebind_symbols(rebindings, 2);
}
void hook_exchangeImple(Method _Nonnull orig_method, Method _Nonnull changed_method){
if(orig_method){
SEL sel = method_getName(orig_method);
bool in_def = in_defend_sel((char *)[NSStringFromSelector(sel) UTF8String]);
if(in_def){
NSLog(@"尝试hook受保护的方法:[%@],已禁止",NSStringFromSelector(sel));
return;
}
}
orig_exchangeImple(orig_method,changed_method);
}
void hook_setImple(Method _Nonnull method, IMP _Nonnull imp){
if(method){
SEL sel = method_getName(method);
bool in_def = in_defend_sel((char *)[NSStringFromSelector(sel) UTF8String]);
if(in_def){
NSLog(@"尝试hook受保护的方法:[%@],已禁止",NSStringFromSelector(sel));
return;
}
}
orig_setImple(method,imp);
}
#pragma mark 判断被交换的方法是否是受保护的方法
bool in_defend_sel(char *selStr){
for (int i = 0;i < sizeof(DefendSelStrs) / sizeof(char *);i++) {
if(0 == strcmp(selStr, DefendSelStrs[i])){
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
@end
```
上方我们对viewDidLoad和bundleIdentifier方法进行了保护,若发现有代码在试图交换它们的方法,则禁止,若需要交换的方法不在保护的数组中,则放行。
*我们开始模拟攻击者开始注入dylib攻击,查看效果
在攻击者的xm中,我们在动态库初始化的时候打印"AttackHookLoaded",并hook ViewController的viewDidLoad方法和NSBundle的bundleIdentifier方法
```objective-c
%ctor{
[StatHook statHook];
NSLog(@"AttackHookLoaded");
}
@interface ViewController:UIViewController
@end
%hook ViewController
-(void)viewDidLoad{
self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
}
%end
%hook NSBundle
-(id)bundleIdentifier{
NSArray *address = [NSThread callStackReturnAddresses];
Dl_info info = {0};
if(dladdr((void *)[address[2] longLongValue], &info) == 0) {
return %orig;
}
NSString *path = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:info.dli_fname];
if ([path hasPrefix:NSBundle.mainBundle.bundlePath]) {
NSLog(@"getBundleIdentifier");
return @"cn.newBundelId";
} else {
return %orig;
}
}
%end
```
*查看防护效果,控制器view的背景色设置为红色已失效,查看打印信息,防护成功!
```objective-c
2019-04-22 01:32:22.457211 ZXHookDetection[6971:1059024] ZXMyFrameworkLoaded!
2019-04-22 01:32:22.546278 ZXHookDetection[6971:1059024]
🎉!!!congratulations!!!🎉
👍----------------insert dylib success----------------👍
2019-04-22 01:32:22.553715 ZXHookDetection[6971:1059024] AttackHookLoaded
2019-04-22 01:32:22.554384 ZXHookDetection[6971:1059024] 尝试hook受保护的方法:[viewDidLoad],已禁止
2019-04-22 01:32:22.554525 ZXHookDetection[6971:1059024] 尝试hook受保护的方法:[bundleIdentifier],已禁止
```
[攻]从上方打印可以看出,我们自己链接的动态库比攻击者注入的动态库早load,我们可以使用otool查看mach-o文件的loadCommand,验证我们的猜想,以下为loadcommand部分信息
```c
Load command 13
cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
cmdsize 76
name @rpath/ZXHookFramework.framework/ZXHookFramework (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Thu Jan 1 08:00:02 1970
current version 1.0.0
compatibility version 1.0.0
Load command 14
cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
cmdsize 84
name /System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Foundation (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Thu Jan 1 08:00:02 1970
current version 1570.15.0
compatibility version 300.0.0
Load command 15
cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
cmdsize 52
name /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Thu Jan 1 08:00:02 1970
current version 228.0.0
compatibility version 1.0.0
Load command 16
cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
cmdsize 52
name /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Thu Jan 1 08:00:02 1970
current version 1252.250.1
compatibility version 1.0.0
Load command 17
cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
cmdsize 92
name /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreFoundation.framework/CoreFoundation (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Thu Jan 1 08:00:02 1970
current version 1570.15.0
compatibility version 150.0.0
Load command 18
cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
cmdsize 76
name /System/Library/Frameworks/UIKit.framework/UIKit (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Thu Jan 1 08:00:02 1970
current version 61000.0.0
compatibility version 1.0.0
Load command 19
cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
cmdsize 80
name @executable_path/Frameworks/libZXHookAttackDylib.dylib (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Thu Jan 1 08:00:02 1970
current version 0.0.0
compatibility version 0.0.0
Load command 20
cmd LC_RPATH
cmdsize 40
path @executable_path/Frameworks (offset 12)
```
显然,ZXHookFramework.framework(防护者)加载早于libZXHookAttackDylib.dylib(攻击者),因此防护有效,因此我们可以通过修改mach-o文件的loadCommand来调整动态库加载顺序,使得libZXHookAttackDylib.dylib加载早于ZXHookFramework.framework即可使防护失效
***
### 签名校验
*通过检测ipa中的embedded.mobileprovision中的我们打包Mac的公钥来确定是否签名被修改,但是需要注意的是此方法只适用于Ad Hoc或企业证书打包的情况,App Store上应用由苹果私钥统一打包,不存在embedded.mobileprovision文件
*公钥读取写法来源于https://www.jianshu.com/p/a3fc10c70a29
```objective-c
+ (BOOL)isLegalPublicKey:(NSString *)publicKey{
if(TARGET_IPHONE_SIMULATOR)return YES;
//来源于https://www.jianshu.com/p/a3fc10c70a29
NSString *embeddedPath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"embedded" ofType:@"mobileprovision"];
NSString *embeddedProvisioning = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:embeddedPath encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding error:nil];
NSArray *embeddedProvisioningLines = [embeddedProvisioning componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet:[NSCharacterSet newlineCharacterSet]];
for (int i = 0; i < embeddedProvisioningLines.count; i++) {
if ([embeddedProvisioningLines[i] rangeOfString:@"application-identifier"].location != NSNotFound) {
NSInteger fromPosition = [embeddedProvisioningLines[i+1] rangeOfString:@""].location+8;
NSInteger toPosition = [embeddedProvisioningLines[i+1] rangeOfString:@""].location;
NSRange range;
range.location = fromPosition;
range.length = toPosition - fromPosition;
NSString *fullIdentifier = [embeddedProvisioningLines[i+1] substringWithRange:range];
NSArray *identifierComponents = [fullIdentifier componentsSeparatedByString:@"."];
NSString *appIdentifier = [identifierComponents firstObject];
NSLog(@"appIdentifier--%@",appIdentifier);
if (![appIdentifier isEqualToString:publicKey]) {
return NO;
}
}
}
return YES;
}
```
***
### BundleID检测
*进行BundleID检测可以有效防止多开
*获取当前项目的BundleID有多种方法,此处不再赘述,绕过检测则是hook对应的方法,返回原有的BundleID
*防止攻击者绕过检测,可以在自行link的framework中获取BundleID并进行检测,以在被hook前进行校验
*可以通过getenv("XPC_SERVICE_NAME")来获取BundleID并进行校验以避免常见的BundleID获取方法被hook
***
###其他
*进行安全检测的类和函数不宜直接使用Defend,Detection,Hook类似的关键字,以避免相应的检测函数直接被hook,hook检测可以放在较隐蔽的地方或不以函数形式体现,可以多位置联合检测
*若检测到hook行为,不宜直接弹窗,以避免攻击者通过关键字回溯,可以延迟一段时间执行异常函数或默默上报后台等。
*加密key不要直接写在代码中,在汇编下很容易直接看出来
原代码
```objective-c
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
NSString *aesKey = @"TEST_AES_KEY";
NSLog(@"aesKey--%@",aesKey);
self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor];
}
```
汇编下的代码[部分]
```assembly
self = X0 ; ViewController *const
_cmd = X1 ; SEL
SUB SP, SP, #0x40
STP X20, X19, [SP,#0x30+var_10]
STP X29, X30, [SP,#0x30+var_s0]
ADD X29, SP, #0x30
MOV X19, self
self = X19 ; ViewController *const
NOP
LDR X8, =_OBJC_CLASS_$_ViewController
STP X0, X8, [SP,#0x30+var_20]
NOP
LDR _cmd, =sel_viewDidLoad ; "viewDidLoad"
ADD X0, SP, #0x30+var_20
BL _objc_msgSendSuper2
ADR X8, cfstr_TestAesKey ; "TEST_AES_KEY"
NOP
aesKey = X8 ; Foundation::NSString::NSString *
STR aesKey, [SP,#0x30+var_30]
ADR X0, cfstr_Aeskey ; "aesKey--%@"
```
*若使用md5或aes等通用加密函数时,关键的加密前的数据或加密key不宜直接当作函数参数传入
### 字符串加密&代码混淆
*字符串加密即关键的常量字符串不直接写死在代码中,而是通过一定的运算计算出来,加大攻击者破解难度
*代码混淆一般是利用宏进行字符串替换,使得攻击者使用class-dump或ida等工具得出的类名和函数变成无意义的字符串,加大攻击者破解难度
* 推荐使用mj老师的[MJCodeObfuscation](https://github.com/CoderMJLee/MJCodeObfuscation)进行字符串加密与代码混淆,快捷高效
### 加密协议分析示例
* 点击访问👉 [创高体育App登录加密协议分析](https://github.com/SmileZXLee/CGEncryptBreak)