Android面试

手写AIDL 了解binder在java层的实现

2020-06-09  本文已影响0人  wildeyess

AIDL是什么

Android 接口定义语言 (AIDL) 与您可能使用过的其他接口语言 (IDL) 类似。您可以利用它定义客户端与服务均认可的编程接口,以便二者使用进程间通信 (IPC) 进行相互通信。在 Android 中,一个进程通常无法访问另一个进程的内存。因此,为进行通信,进程需将其对象分解成可供操作系统理解的原语,并将其编组为可供您操作的对象。编写执行该编组操作的代码较为繁琐,因此 Android 会使用 AIDL 为您处理此问题。

AIDL的用处

Android 接口定义语言 (AIDL) 会将对象分解成原语,操作系统可通过识别这些原语并将其编组到各进程中来执行 IPC。对于之前采用 Messenger 的方法而言,其实际上是以 AIDL 作为其底层结构。如上所述,Messenger 会在单个线程中创建包含所有客户端请求的队列,以便服务一次接收一个请求。不过,如果您想让服务同时处理多个请求,则可直接使用 AIDL。在此情况下,您的服务必须达到线程安全的要求,并且能够进行多线程处理。

手写AIDL

1.定义binder服务端所提供的功能接口。定义服务端的功能为提供人员的增加与删除,并提供所有人员列表()。

/**
 * 这个类用来定义服务端具有什么样的能力,继承自IInterface才就有跨进程传输的基础能力
/**
 * Base class for Binder interfaces.  When defining a new interface,
 * you must derive it from IInterface.  Iinterface的说明
 */
 */
public interface PersonManager extends IInterface {
    /**
     * 添加人数
     *
     * @throws RemoteException
     */
    void addPerson(PersonBean personBean) throws RemoteException;

    /**
     * 删除人数
     *
     * @throws RemoteException
     */
    void deletePerson(PersonBean personBean) throws RemoteException;

    /**
     * 获取人数
     *
     * @throws RemoteException
     */
    List<PersonBean> getPersons() throws RemoteException;
}

PersonBean 是人员信息的model,我只写了一个name属性,跨进程传输则必须实现Parcelable相关接口。为了后面的删除功能还需要重写equle和hashcode方法。

/**
 * 实现了parcelable接口的实体类,可用于跨进程传输
 */
class PersonBean() : Parcelable {
    var name: String? = null;

    constructor(parcel: Parcel) : this() {
        name = parcel.readString()
    }

    override fun writeToParcel(parcel: Parcel, flags: Int) {
        parcel.writeString(name)
    }

    override fun describeContents(): Int {
        return 0
    }

    override fun toString(): String {
        return "PersonBean(name=$name)"
    }

    override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
        if (this === other) return true
        if (javaClass != other?.javaClass) return false

        other as PersonBean

        if (name != other.name) return false

        return true
    }

    override fun hashCode(): Int {
        return name?.hashCode() ?: 0
    }

    companion object CREATOR : Parcelable.Creator<PersonBean> {
        override fun createFromParcel(parcel: Parcel): PersonBean {
            return PersonBean(parcel)
        }

        override fun newArray(size: Int): Array<PersonBean?> {
            return arrayOfNulls(size)
        }
    }

}

2.添加proxy代理类。我的理解是模拟服务端的所有功能,让客户端感受不到调用的是远程还是本地的服务功能。可以看见PersonManagerProxy实现了PersonManager
接口,所以就实现了相应的方法,而在构造方法中传入了IBinder,实际上的跨进程传输的实体。addPerson,deletePerson,getPersons,三个方法中可以看见实际调用的方法是IBinder的transact方法。PersonManagerProxy只是进行了一些参数方法的封装。

/**
 * personmanager/binder在本地的远程代理类。
 */
public class PersonManagerProxy implements PersonManager {
    /**
     * 远程binder对象
     */
    IBinder remote;
    private static final String DESCRIPTOR = "com.study.stydyfirst.server.PersonManager";

    /**
     * 构造方法传入ibinder
     *
     * @param remote
     */
    public PersonManagerProxy(IBinder remote) {
        this.remote = remote;
    }

    public String getInterfaceDescriptor() {
        return DESCRIPTOR;
    }

    @Override
    public void addPerson(PersonBean personBean) throws RemoteException {
        Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
        Parcel replay = Parcel.obtain();
        try {
            data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
            if (personBean != null) {
                data.writeInt(1);
                personBean.writeToParcel(data, 0);
            } else {
                data.writeInt(0);
            }
            remote.transact(PersonManagerStub.TRANSAVTION_addperson, data, replay, 0);
            replay.readException();
        } finally {
            replay.recycle();
            data.recycle();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void deletePerson(PersonBean personBean) throws RemoteException {
        Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
        Parcel replay = Parcel.obtain();
        try {
            data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
            if (personBean != null) {
                data.writeInt(1);
                personBean.writeToParcel(data, 0);
            } else {
                data.writeInt(0);
            }
            remote.transact(PersonManagerStub.TRANSAVTION_deleteperson, data, replay, 0);
            replay.readException();
        } finally {
            replay.recycle();
            data.recycle();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public List<PersonBean> getPersons() throws RemoteException {
        Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
        Parcel replay = Parcel.obtain();
        List<PersonBean> result;
        try {
            data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
            remote.transact(PersonManagerStub.TRANSAVTION_getpersons, data, replay, 0);
            replay.readException();
            result = replay.createTypedArrayList(PersonBean.CREATOR);
        } finally {
            replay.recycle();
            data.recycle();
        }
        return result;
    }

    @Override
    public IBinder asBinder() {
        return remote;
    }
}

3.添加PersonManagerStub类。跨进程传输的Binder对象。从代码中可以看见PersonManagerStub 继承自Binder,实现了PersonManager 接口的方法。说明:

/**
 * 继承自binder实现了personmanager的方法,说明它可以跨进程传输,并可进行服务端相关的数据操作
 */
public abstract class PersonManagerStub extends Binder implements PersonManager {
    private static final String DESCRIPTOR = "com.study.stydyfirst.server.PersonManager";

    public PersonManagerStub() {
        this.attachInterface(this, DESCRIPTOR);
    }

    public static PersonManager asInterface(IBinder binder) {
        if (binder == null)
            return null;
        IInterface iin = binder.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR);//通过DESCRIPTOR查询本地binder,如果存在则说明调用方和service在同一进程间,直接本地调用
        if (iin != null && iin instanceof PersonManager)
            return (PersonManager) iin;
        return new PersonManagerProxy(binder);//本地没有,返回一个远程代理对象
    }
    @Override
    public IBinder asBinder() {
        return this;
    }

    @Override
    protected boolean onTransact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply, int flags) throws RemoteException {
        switch (code) {
            case INTERFACE_TRANSACTION:
                reply.writeString(DESCRIPTOR);
                return true;

            case TRANSAVTION_getpersons:
                data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
                List<PersonBean> result = this.getPersons();
                reply.writeNoException();
                reply.writeTypedList(result);
                return true;

            case TRANSAVTION_addperson:
                data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
                PersonBean arg0 = null;
                if (data.readInt() != 0) {
                    arg0 = PersonBean.CREATOR.createFromParcel(data);
                }
                this.addPerson(arg0);
                reply.writeNoException();
                return true;
            case TRANSAVTION_deleteperson:
                data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
                PersonBean personBean = null;
                if (data.readInt() != 0) {
                    personBean = PersonBean.CREATOR.createFromParcel(data);
                }
                this.deletePerson(personBean);
                reply.writeNoException();
                return true;

        }
        return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
    }

    public static final int TRANSAVTION_getpersons = IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION;
    public static final int TRANSAVTION_addperson = IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 1;
    public static final int TRANSAVTION_deleteperson = IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 2;
}

AIDL的相关类已经编写完毕,下面只需要远程service实现相应方法,客户端调用,就能测试该手写AIDL的跨进程传输能力了
远程进程service类,这里使用前台服务通知来显示人员信息,便于直观查看跨进程传输结果,可以看见我们在service中实例化了一个PersonManagerStub对象,并实现了相关方法。并通过notification显示personss的数据信息,并通过service的onBind方法将binder对象传输给客户端

/**
 * 远程service
 */
class PersonManagerService : Service() {
    /**
     * 创建一个数组用于管理人员  var 声明可变变量,val声明不可变变量 相当于final
     */
    private var personss: ArrayList<PersonBean> = ArrayList();
    val CHANNEL_ID = "personmanager";
    val notificationId = 1;
    override fun onCreate() {
        super.onCreate()
        createNotificationChannel()
        //初始化通知栏,
        showNotification()

    }

    /**
     * 将当前人数显示通过通知栏显示出来
     */
    fun showNotification() {
        var builder = NotificationCompat.Builder(this, CHANNEL_ID)
            .setContentTitle("0fdg")
            .setStyle(
                NotificationCompat.BigTextStyle()
                    .bigText("当前的人数是:" + personss.size + "人员信息:" + personss.toString())
            )
            .setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)//不设置smallicon,文字信息不生效,我服了
            .setPriority(NotificationCompat.PRIORITY_DEFAULT)
        with(NotificationManagerCompat.from(this)) {
            // notificationId is a unique int for each notification that you must define
            //notify(notificationId, builder.build())
            startForeground(notificationId, builder.build())
        }
    }

    /**
     * 首先创建通知渠道,再进行通知显示
     */
    private fun createNotificationChannel() {
        // Create the NotificationChannel, but only on API 26+ because
        // the NotificationChannel class is new and not in the support library
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
            val name = getString(R.string.channel_name)
            val descriptionText = getString(R.string.channel_description)
            val importance = NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_DEFAULT
            val channel = NotificationChannel(CHANNEL_ID, name, importance).apply {
                description = descriptionText
            }
            // Register the channel with the system
            val notificationManager: NotificationManager =
                getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE) as NotificationManager
            notificationManager.createNotificationChannel(channel)
        }
    }

    override fun onBind(intent: Intent): IBinder {
//        TODO("Return the communication channel to the service.")

        return binder
    }

    private val binder = object : PersonManagerStub() {
        override fun addPerson(personBean: PersonBean?) {
            if (personBean != null) {
                personss.add(personBean)
                Log.d("Server", "添加" + personBean.name)
                showNotification()
            };
        }

        override fun deletePerson(personBean: PersonBean?) {
            personss.remove(personBean)
            Log.d("Server", "删除");

            showNotification()
        }

        override fun getPersons(): List<PersonBean> {
            Log.d("Server", "删除")

            return persons;
        }
    }
}

本地clientActivity,简单service启动与远程建立链接,并传输数据,本地通过PersonManagerStub.asInterface(service)方法直接将binder对象转换为PersonManager即可直接调用远程方法进行数据传输

/**
 * 本地client
 */
class ClientActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

    /** The primary interface we will be calling on the service.  */
    private var mService: PersonManager? = null

    /**
     * 是否绑定的标志
     */
    private var isBound = false

    /**
     * Class for interacting with the main interface of the service.
     */
    private val mConnection = object : ServiceConnection {
        override fun onServiceConnected(className: ComponentName, service: IBinder) {
            // This is called when the connection with the service has been
            // established, giving us the service object we can use to
            // interact with the service.  We are communicating with our
            // service through an IDL interface, so get a client-side
            // representation of that from the raw service object.
            Log.d("client", "链接成功====");
            mService = PersonManagerStub.asInterface(service)//将service转成远程服务代理对象,并调用他的方法
            isBound = true
        }

        override fun onServiceDisconnected(className: ComponentName) {
            // This is called when the connection with the service has been
            // unexpectedly disconnected -- that is, its process crashed.
            mService = null
            isBound = false
        }
    }

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_client)
        // Bind to LocalService
        addListener()
    }

    override fun onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy()
        if (isBound) {
            unbindService(mConnection)
        }
    }

    private fun addListener() {
        btn_add.setOnClickListener {
            var person = PersonBean()
            person.name = "刘德华"
            mService?.addPerson(person)
        }
        btn_delete.setOnClickListener {
            var person = PersonBean()
            person.name = "刘德华"
            mService?.deletePerson(person)
        }
        btn_bind.setOnClickListener {
            Toast.makeText(baseContext, "绑定服务", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            Intent(this, PersonManagerService::class.java).also { intent ->
                bindService(intent, mConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE)
                //startService(intent)
            }
        }
    }
}

以上就是java层面的client-binder-servi,跨进程的一个传输流程。并通过手写方式实现了AIDL的所有功能。 项目demo地址https://github.com/92123748/AIDLTest

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