剖析AutoReleasePool

2020-10-28  本文已影响0人  侯志桐

本文所引用的资料如下

objc4-680源码
sunnyxx的黑幕背后的Autorelease
Clang官方文档

我是前言

Autorelease机制是iOS开发者管理对象内存的好伙伴,MRC中,调用[obj autorelease]来延迟内存的释放是一件简单自然的事,ARC下,我们甚至可以完全不知道Autorelease就能管理好内存。而在这背后,objc和编译器都帮我们做了哪些事呢,它们是如何协作来正确管理内存的呢?刨根问底,一起来探究下黑幕背后的Autorelease机制。

AutoReleasePool数据结构

谈释放一定得说它本身的数据结构以及实现方法才行.先看AutoReleasePool的数据结构.首先它是一个C++的对象.单个对象大小限制是4096字节(PAGE_MAX_SIZE->PAGE_SIZE->I386_PGBYTES -> 4096).本身是一个双向链表.主要属性是parent(父链表),child(子链表),thread(初始化时传入pthread_self(),当前线程.AutoReleasePool是与线程相关的).next(最后一个加入AutoReleasePool的对象位于AutoReleasePool对象的偏移量)

>>//NSObject.mm Line:581
class AutoreleasePoolPage 
{

#define POOL_SENTINEL nil
    static pthread_key_t const key = AUTORELEASE_POOL_KEY;
    static uint8_t const SCRIBBLE = 0xA3;  // 0xA3A3A3A3 after releasing
    static size_t const SIZE = 
#if PROTECT_AUTORELEASEPOOL
        PAGE_MAX_SIZE;  // must be multiple of vm page size
#else
        PAGE_MAX_SIZE;  // size and alignment, power of 2
#endif
    static size_t const COUNT = SIZE / sizeof(id);

    magic_t const magic;
    id *next;
    pthread_t const thread;
    AutoreleasePoolPage * const parent;
    AutoreleasePoolPage *child;
    uint32_t const depth;
    uint32_t hiwat;

Autorelease对象什么时候释放?

这个问题拿来做面试题,问过很多人,没有几个能答对的。很多答案都是“当前作用域大括号结束时释放”,显然木有正确理解Autorelease机制。
在没有手加Autorelease Pool的情况下,Autorelease对象是在当前的runloop迭代结束时释放的,而它能够释放的原因是系统在每个runloop迭代中都加入了自动释放池Push和Pop

在讲述执行Push和Pop时机的时候又需要说一下RunLoop相关的东西了.传送门
简述:App启动后,苹果在主线程 RunLoop 里注册了两个 Observer,其回调都是 _wrapRunLoopWithAutoreleasePoolHandler()。
第一个 Observer 监视的事件是 Entry(即将进入Loop),其回调内会调用 _objc_autoreleasePoolPush() 创建自动释放池。其 order 是 -2147483647,优先级最高,保证创建释放池发生在其他所有回调之前。
第二个 Observer 监视了两个事件: BeforeWaiting(准备进入休眠) 时调用_objc_autoreleasePoolPop() 和 _objc_autoreleasePoolPush() 释放旧的池并创建新池;Exit(即将退出Loop) 时调用 _objc_autoreleasePoolPop() 来释放自动释放池。这个 Observer 的 order 是 2147483647,优先级最低,保证其释放池子发生在其他所有回调之后。
在主线程执行的代码,通常是写在诸如事件回调、Timer回调内的。这些回调会被 RunLoop 创建好的 AutoreleasePool 环绕着,所以不会出现内存泄漏,开发者也不必显示创建 Pool 了。

手动释放指的是在ARC环境下使用@autoreleasepool代码块包裹的autoRelease对象

@autoreleasepool {
    //void *context = objc_autoreleasePoolPush()
    Person *person = [[Person alloc] copyObject];
    //内部返回前调用了autorelease方法
    [person print1];
     //objc_autoreleasePoolPop(context)
  }

简述流程

  • 调用对象的autorelease方法
  • 调用内部的rootAutorelease方法.
  • 调用内部的rootAutorelease2方法
  • 调用AutoreleasePoolPage::autorelease方法.传入self
  • 调用autoreleaseFast方法,传入参数
  • 在autoreleaseFast中通过hotPage方法获得当前使用的AutoreleasePoolPage对象.如果存在并且未满,则调用page的add方法将对象加入AutoreleasePoolPage的栈中.并移动next到下一位置.否为根据page对象是否存在执行不同的方法

如果page存在.则表示full返回true.则执行如下代码.循环遍历child属性到最后一页.然后创建一个新AutoreleasePoolPage对象.并将最后一个page对象设置为新创建对象的parent.然后调用setHotPage函数设置为当前page.并调用page->add方法将对象加入到page的栈中.否则走autoreleaseNoPage方法初始化page

//NSObject.mm Line:839
static inline id *autoreleaseFast(id obj)
{
   AutoreleasePoolPage *page = hotPage();
   if (page && !page->full()) {
       return page->add(obj);
   } else if (page) {
       return autoreleaseFullPage(obj, page);
   } else {
       return autoreleaseNoPage(obj);
   }
}
//NSObject.mm Line:851
static __attribute__((noinline))
id *autoreleaseFullPage(id obj, AutoreleasePoolPage *page)
{
   // The hot page is full.
   // Step to the next non-full page, adding a new page if necessary.
   // Then add the object to that page.
   assert(page == hotPage());
   assert(page->full()  ||  DebugPoolAllocation);

   do {
       if (page->child) page = page->child;
       else page = new AutoreleasePoolPage(page);
   } while (page->full());

   setHotPage(page);
   return page->add(obj);
}
//NSObject.mm Line:869
static __attribute__((noinline))
id *autoreleaseNoPage(id obj)
{
   // No pool in place.
   assert(!hotPage());

   if (obj != POOL_SENTINEL  &&  DebugMissingPools) {
       // We are pushing an object with no pool in place,
       // and no-pool debugging was requested by environment.
       _objc_inform("MISSING POOLS: Object %p of class %s "
                    "autoreleased with no pool in place - "
                    "just leaking - break on "
                    "objc_autoreleaseNoPool() to debug",
                    (void*)obj, object_getClassName(obj));
       objc_autoreleaseNoPool(obj);
       return nil;
   }

   // Install the first page.
   AutoreleasePoolPage *page = new AutoreleasePoolPage(nil);
   setHotPage(page);

   // Push an autorelease pool boundary if it wasn't already requested.
   if (obj != POOL_SENTINEL) {
       page->add(POOL_SENTINEL);
   }

   // Push the requested object.
   return page->add(obj);
}
//NSObject.mm Line:2181
- (id)autorelease {
    return ((id)self)->rootAutorelease();
}
//NSObject.mm Line:596
inline id  objc_object::rootAutorelease()
{
    assert(!UseGC);

    if (isTaggedPointer()) return (id)this;
    if (prepareOptimizedReturn(ReturnAtPlus1)) return (id)this;

    return rootAutorelease2();
}
//NSObject.mm Line:1093
__attribute__((noinline,used))
id  objc_object::rootAutorelease2()
{
    assert(!isTaggedPointer());
    return AutoreleasePoolPage::autorelease((id)this);
}
//NSObject.mm Line:910
static inline id autorelease(id obj)
{
    assert(obj);
    assert(!obj->isTaggedPointer());
    id *dest __unused = autoreleaseFast(obj);
    assert(!dest  ||  *dest == obj);
    return obj;
}
//NSObject.mm Line:839
static inline id *autoreleaseFast(id obj)
{
    AutoreleasePoolPage *page = hotPage();
    if (page && !page->full()) {
        return page->add(obj);
    } else if (page) {
        return autoreleaseFullPage(obj, page);
    } else {
        return autoreleaseNoPage(obj);
    }
}
//NSObject.mm Line:812
static inline AutoreleasePoolPage *hotPage()
{
    AutoreleasePoolPage *result = (AutoreleasePoolPage *)
        tls_get_direct(key);
    if (result) result->fastcheck();
    return result;
}

//NSObject.mm Line:1764
void *_objc_autoreleasePoolPush(void)
{
    return objc_autoreleasePoolPush();
}
//NSObject.mm Line:1749
void *objc_autoreleasePoolPush(void)
{
    if (UseGC) return nil;
    return AutoreleasePoolPage::push();
}
//NSObject.mm Line:920
 static inline void *push() 
{
  id *dest;
  if (DebugPoolAllocation) {
    // Each autorelease pool starts on a new pool page.
    dest = autoreleaseNewPage(POOL_SENTINEL);
  } else {
    dest = autoreleaseFast(POOL_SENTINEL);
  }
  assert(*dest == POOL_SENTINEL);
   return dest;
 }
//NSObject.mm Line:1770
void _objc_autoreleasePoolPop(void *ctxt)
{
    objc_autoreleasePoolPop(ctxt);
}
//NSObject.mm Line:1756
void objc_autoreleasePoolPop(void *ctxt)
{
    if (UseGC) return;
    AutoreleasePoolPage::pop(ctxt);
}
//NSObject.mm Line:933
static inline void pop(void *token)
{
    AutoreleasePoolPage *page;
    id *stop;

    page = pageForPointer(token);
    stop = (id *)token;
    if (DebugPoolAllocation  &&  *stop != POOL_SENTINEL) {
        // This check is not valid with DebugPoolAllocation off
        // after an autorelease with a pool page but no pool in place.
        _objc_fatal("invalid or prematurely-freed autorelease pool %p; ",
                    token);
    }

    if (PrintPoolHiwat) printHiwat();

    page->releaseUntil(stop);

    // memory: delete empty children
    if (DebugPoolAllocation  &&  page->empty()) {
        // special case: delete everything during page-per-pool debugging
        AutoreleasePoolPage *parent = page->parent;
        page->kill();
        setHotPage(parent);
    } else if (DebugMissingPools  &&  page->empty()  &&  !page->parent) {
        // special case: delete everything for pop(top)
        // when debugging missing autorelease pools
        page->kill();
        setHotPage(nil);
    }
    else if (page->child) {
        // hysteresis: keep one empty child if page is more than half full
        if (page->lessThanHalfFull()) {
            page->child->kill();
        }
        else if (page->child->child) {
            page->child->child->kill();
        }
    }
}
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