Handler原理剖析

2018-01-11  本文已影响8人  pphdsny

API说明

构造函数

public Handler(Looper looper, Callback callback, boolean async) {
  mLooper = looper;
  mQueue = looper.mQueue;
  mCallback = callback;
  mAsynchronous = async;
}

Handler提供的构造方法有很多,归根到底是初始化一些核心参数:

Looper

获取Looper对象

主线程的Looper会在应用启动时通过ActivityThread,如果在子线程new Handler会报错,因为没有创建该线程下的Looper。

public static @Nullable Looper myLooper() {
  return sThreadLocal.get();
}
//从静态参数中获取
static final ThreadLocal<Looper> sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Looper>();
private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
  if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
    throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
  }
  sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
}
public static void prepareMainLooper() {
  prepare(false);
  synchronized (Looper.class) {
    //只允许被调用一次
    if (sMainLooper != null) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("The main Looper has already been prepared.");
    }
    sMainLooper = myLooper();
  }
}
//prepareMainLooper调用,通过ActivityThread的main方法中调用
public static void main(String[] args) {
  //初始化Looper
  Looper.prepareMainLooper();

  ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
  thread.attach(false);

  if (sMainThreadHandler == null) {
    sMainThreadHandler = thread.getHandler();
  }

  if (false) {
    Looper.myLooper().setMessageLogging(new LogPrinter(Log.DEBUG, "ActivityThread"));
  }

  //开启looper循环
  Looper.loop();
}

loop循环

public static void loop() {
  final Looper me = myLooper();
  if (me == null) {
    throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
  }
  final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
  for (;;) {//死循环
    //当queen返回null时候,loop会中断执行,相当于quit
    Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
    if (msg == null) {
      // No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
      return;
    }
    try {
      //分发消息
      //msg.target就是发送消息的Handler
      msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
    } finally {
    }
    //回收消息
    msg.recycleUnchecked();
  }
}

Handler.dispathcMessage()

public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
  if (msg.callback != null) {
    handleCallback(msg);
  } else {
    if (mCallback != null) {
      if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
        return;
      }
    }
    handleMessage(msg);
  }
}

MessageQueue

MessageQueue的Native实现

核心方法:next()


Message next() {
        // Return here if the message loop has already quit and been disposed.
        // This can happen if the application tries to restart a looper after quit
        // which is not supported.
        // 如果消息循环已经退出了。则直接在这里return。因为调用disposed()方法后mPtr=0
        final long ptr = mPtr;
        if (ptr == 0) {
            return null;
        }
        //记录空闲时处理的IdlerHandler的数量
        int pendingIdleHandlerCount = -1; // -1 only during first iteration
        // native层用到的变量 ,如果消息尚未到达处理时间,则表示为距离该消息处理事件的总时长,
        // 表明Native Looper只需要block到消息需要处理的时间就行了。 所以nextPollTimeoutMillis>0表示还有消息待处理
        int nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0;
        for (;;) {
            if (nextPollTimeoutMillis != 0) {
                //刷新下Binder命令,一般在阻塞前调用
                Binder.flushPendingCommands();
            }
            // 调用native层进行消息标示,nextPollTimeoutMillis 为0立即返回,为-1则阻塞等待。
            nativePollOnce(ptr, nextPollTimeoutMillis);
            //加上同步锁
            synchronized (this) {
                // Try to retrieve the next message.  Return if found.
                // 获取开机到现在的时间
                final long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
                Message prevMsg = null;
                // 获取MessageQueue的链表表头的第一个元素
                Message msg = mMessages;
                 // 判断Message是否是障栅,如果是则执行循环,拦截所有同步消息,直到取到第一个异步消息为止
                if (msg != null && msg.target == null) {
                     // 如果能进入这个if,则表面MessageQueue的第一个元素就是障栅(barrier)
                    // Stalled by a barrier.  Find the next asynchronous message in the queue.
                    // 循环遍历出第一个异步消息,这段代码可以看出障栅会拦截所有同步消息
                    do {
                        prevMsg = msg;
                        msg = msg.next;
                       //如果msg==null或者msg是异步消息则退出循环,msg==null则意味着已经循环结束
                    } while (msg != null && !msg.isAsynchronous());
                }
                 // 判断是否有可执行的Message
                if (msg != null) {  
                    // 判断该Mesage是否到了被执行的时间。
                    if (now < msg.when) {
                        // Next message is not ready.  Set a timeout to wake up when it is ready.
                        // 当Message还没有到被执行时间的时候,记录下一次要执行的Message的时间点
                        nextPollTimeoutMillis = (int) Math.min(msg.when - now, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
                    } else {
                        // Message的被执行时间已到
                        // Got a message.
                        // 从队列中取出该Message,并重新构建原来队列的链接
                        // 刺客说明说有消息,所以不能阻塞
                        mBlocked = false;
                        // 如果还有上一个元素
                        if (prevMsg != null) {
                            //上一个元素的next(越过自己)直接指向下一个元素
                            prevMsg.next = msg.next;
                        } else {
                           //如果没有上一个元素,则说明是消息队列中的头元素,直接让第二个元素变成头元素
                            mMessages = msg.next;
                        }
                        // 因为要取出msg,所以msg的next不能指向链表的任何元素,所以next要置为null
                        msg.next = null;
                        if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Returning message: " + msg);
                        // 标记该Message为正处于使用状态,然后返回Message
                        msg.markInUse();
                        return msg;
                    }
                } else {
                    // No more messages.
                    // 没有任何可执行的Message,重置时间
                    nextPollTimeoutMillis = -1;
                }

                // Process the quit message now that all pending messages have been handled.
                // 关闭消息队列,返回null,通知Looper停止循环
                if (mQuitting) {
                    dispose();
                    return null;
                }

                // If first time idle, then get the number of idlers to run.
                // Idle handles only run if the queue is empty or if the first message
                // in the queue (possibly a barrier) is due to be handled in the future.
                // 当第一次循环的时候才会在空闲的时候去执行IdleHandler,从代码可以看出所谓的空闲状态
                // 指的就是当队列中没有任何可执行的Message,这里的可执行有两要求,
                // 即该Message不会被障栅拦截,且Message.when到达了执行时间点
                if (pendingIdleHandlerCount < 0
                        && (mMessages == null || now < mMessages.when)) {
                    pendingIdleHandlerCount = mIdleHandlers.size();
                }
                
                // 这里是消息队列阻塞( 死循环) 的重点,消息队列在阻塞的标示是消息队列中没有任何消息,
                // 并且所有的 IdleHandler 都已经执行过一次了
                if (pendingIdleHandlerCount <= 0) {
                    // No idle handlers to run.  Loop and wait some more.
                    mBlocked = true;
                    continue;
                }
    
                // 初始化要被执行的IdleHandler,最少4个
                if (mPendingIdleHandlers == null) {
                    mPendingIdleHandlers = new IdleHandler[Math.max(pendingIdleHandlerCount, 4)];
                }
                mPendingIdleHandlers = mIdleHandlers.toArray(mPendingIdleHandlers);
            }

            // Run the idle handlers.
            // We only ever reach this code block during the first iteration.
            // 开始循环执行所有的IdleHandler,并且根据返回值判断是否保留IdleHandler
            for (int i = 0; i < pendingIdleHandlerCount; i++) {
                final IdleHandler idler = mPendingIdleHandlers[i];
                mPendingIdleHandlers[i] = null; // release the reference to the handler

                boolean keep = false;
                try {
                    keep = idler.queueIdle();
                } catch (Throwable t) {
                    Log.wtf(TAG, "IdleHandler threw exception", t);
                }

                if (!keep) {
                    synchronized (this) {
                        mIdleHandlers.remove(idler);
                    }
                }
            }

            // Reset the idle handler count to 0 so we do not run them again.
            // 重点代码,IdleHandler只会在消息队列阻塞之前执行一次,执行之后改标示设置为0,
            // 之后就不会再执行,一直到下一次调用MessageQueue.next() 方法。
            pendingIdleHandlerCount = 0;

            // While calling an idle handler, a new message could have been delivered
            // so go back and look again for a pending message without waiting.
            // 当执行了IdleHandler 的 处理之后,会消耗一段时间,这时候消息队列里的可能有消息已经到达 
             // 可执行时间,所以重置该变量回去重新检查消息队列。
            nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0;
        }
    }

Message

内部实现单链表存储

//message标示
public int what;
//保存相关对象
public int arg1;
public int arg2;
public Object obj;
int flags;      //当前状态
long when;      //延时时间
Bundle data;    //数据绑定
Handler target; //发送目标Handler
Runnable callback;  //Handler.post发送的Runnable回调
// sometimes we store linked lists of these things
Message next;   //链式存储
//同步锁
private static final Object sPoolSync = new Object();
//Message复用池
private static Message sPool;
private static int sPoolSize = 0;
private static final int MAX_POOL_SIZE = 50;
//回收时是否检查Message状态
private static boolean gCheckRecycle = true;

获取Message对象

public static Message obtain() {
  synchronized (sPoolSync) {
    if (sPool != null) {
      //当前sPool对象所指的Message
      Message m = sPool;
      //将sPool链表后移一位,大小-1
      sPool = m.next;
      //将Message从链表中断裂
      m.next = null;
      m.flags = 0; // clear in-use flag
      sPoolSize--;
      return m;
    }
  }
  return new Message();
}

回收

void recycleUnchecked() {
  // Mark the message as in use while it remains in the recycled object pool.
  // Clear out all other details.
  flags = FLAG_IN_USE;
  what = 0;
  arg1 = 0;
  arg2 = 0;
  obj = null;
  replyTo = null;
  sendingUid = -1;
  when = 0;
  target = null;
  callback = null;
  data = null;

  synchronized (sPoolSync) {
    if (sPoolSize < MAX_POOL_SIZE) {
      //将使用完的Message添加到链表头
      next = sPool;
      sPool = this;
      sPoolSize++;
    }
  }
}

Handler

发送消息的方法:postXxx、sendXxx

//postXxx会生成一个Message后再调用后续sendMessageAtTime方法
private static Message getPostMessage(Runnable r) {
  Message m = Message.obtain();
  m.callback = r;
  return m;
}
//sendXxx最终都会调用到下面方法
public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
        MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
        if (queue == null) {
            RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
                    this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
            Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
            return false;
        }
        return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
    }
//将消息队列添加到MessageQueue中
private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
  msg.target = this;
  if (mAsynchronous) {
    msg.setAsynchronous(true);
  }
  return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
}

使用Handler的内存泄露

使用Handler造成的内存泄露会有以下几种情况

public class SampleActivity extends Activity {
  private final Handler mLeakyHandler = new Handler() {
    @Override
    public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
      // ... 
    }
  }
}

在使用handler时,这是一段很常见的代码。但是,它却会造成严重的内存泄漏问题。在实际编写中,我们往往会得到如下警告:

Handler classes should be static or leaks might occur.

分析:

1、在java里,非静态内部类和匿名类都会潜在的引用它们所属的外部类,静态内部类却不会。

2、Handler会中有个一直循环的Looper。当主线程里,实例化一个Handler对象后,它就会自动与主线程Looper的消息队列关联起来,所以其持有外部对象Activity就会导致无法被销毁回收。

mLeakyHandler.postDelayed(new Runnable() {
  @Override
  public void run() { 
    //
  }
}, 1000 * 60 * 10);
finish();

问题:

1、匿名内部类默认持有外部对象

2、内部类实例的生命周期比Activity更长

Handler正确的使用

//1、弱引用外部对象
public abstract class WeakHandler<T> extends Handler {

    private final WeakReference<T> targetWeak;

    public WeakHandler(T autoScrollViewPager) {
        this.targetWeak = new WeakReference<T>(autoScrollViewPager);
    }

    @Override
    public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
        super.handleMessage(msg);
        T target = this.targetWeak.get();
        if (target == null) {
            return;
        }
        handleWeakMessage(msg, target);
    }

    public abstract void handleWeakMessage(Message msg, T target);
}
//2、Activity中申明静态
private static WeakHandler handler = new WeakHandler();
//3、Activity onDestory中销毁所有消息
handler.removeCallbacksAndMessages(null);
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