Material Design - 常用控件介绍和使用
2018-07-13 本文已影响2人
Peakmain
效果图1.gif
效果2.gif
添加依赖
implementation 'com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:3.7.0'
implementation 'com.android.support:cardview-v7:27.1.1'
implementation 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:27.1.1'
implementation 'com.android.support:design:27.1.1'
activity_main主布局
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
android:id="@+id/toolbar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"
app:title="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark.ActionBar"
app:popupTheme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light"
app:layout_scrollFlags="scroll|enterAlways|snap" />
</android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>
<android.support.v4.widget.SwipeRefreshLayout
android:id="@+id/swipe_refresh"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior">
<android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
android:id="@+id/recycler_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" />
</android.support.v4.widget.SwipeRefreshLayout>
<android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton
android:id="@+id/fab"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="bottom|end"
android:layout_margin="16dp"
android:src="@drawable/ic_done" />
</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>
<android.support.design.widget.NavigationView
android:id="@+id/nav_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_gravity="start"
app:headerLayout="@layout/nav_header"
app:menu="@menu/nav_menu" />
</android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>
DrawerLayout+NavigationView实现侧滑
mDrawerLayout.openDrawer(GravityCompat.START);打开
mDrawerLayout.openDrawer(Gravity.LEFT)左边
AppBarLayout
app:layout_scrollFlags参数:
- scroll值设为scroll的View会跟随滚动事件一起发生移动。
- enterAlways:值设为enterAlways的View,当ScrollView往下滚动时，该View会直接往下滚动。而不用考虑ScrollView是否在滚动。
- exitUntilCollapsed：值设为exitUntilCollapsed的View，当这个View要往上逐渐“消逝”时，会一直往上滑动，直到剩下的的高度达到它的最小高度后，再响应ScrollView的内部滑动事件。
- enterAlwaysCollapsed：是enterAlways的附加选项，一般跟enterAlways一起使用，它是指，View在往下“出现”的时候，首先是enterAlways效果，当View的高度达到最小高度时，View就暂时不去往下滚动，直到ScrollView滑动到顶部不再滑动时，View再继续往下滑动，直到滑到View的顶部结束。
NavigationView\
android:layout_gravity="start"侧滑在左边,end代表在右边
app:headerLayout="@layout/nav_header"头部的布局
app:menu="@menu/nav_menu"子菜单的内容
nav_header布局
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="180dp"
android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"
android:padding="10dp">
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/icon_image"
android:layout_width="70dp"
android:layout_height="70dp"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:src="@drawable/nav_icon" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/mail"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:text="peakmain@mail.com"
android:textColor="#FFF"
android:textSize="14sp" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/username"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_above="@id/mail"
android:text="Peakmain"
android:textColor="#FFF"
android:textSize="14sp" />
</RelativeLayout>
nav_menu菜单内容
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<group android:checkableBehavior="single">
<item
android:id="@+id/nav_call"
android:icon="@drawable/nav_call"
android:title="Call" />
<item
android:id="@+id/nav_friends"
android:icon="@drawable/nav_friends"
android:title="Friends" />
<item
android:id="@+id/nav_location"
android:icon="@drawable/nav_location"
android:title="Location" />
<item
android:id="@+id/nav_mail"
android:icon="@drawable/nav_mail"
android:title="Mail" />
<item
android:id="@+id/nav_task"
android:icon="@drawable/nav_task"
android:title="Tasks" />
</group>
</menu>
toolbar样式
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">
<item
android:id="@+id/backup"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_backup"
android:title="Backup"
app:showAsAction="always"/>
<item
android:id="@+id/delete"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_delete"
android:title="Delete"
app:showAsAction="ifRoom"/>
<item
android:id="@+id/settings"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings"
android:title="Settings"
app:showAsAction="never"/>
</menu>
1.alaways:这个值会使菜单项一直显示在ActionBar上。
2.ifRoom:如果有足够的空间,这个值会使菜单显示在ActionBar上。
3.never:这个值菜单永远不会出现在ActionBar是。
4.withText:这个值使菜单和它的图标，菜单文本一起显示。
MainActivity主布局
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private DrawerLayout mDrawerLayout;
/**
* 初始化数据
*/
private Fruit[] fruits = {new Fruit("Apple", R.drawable.apple), new Fruit("Banana", R.drawable.banana),
new Fruit("Orange", R.drawable.orange), new Fruit("Watermelon", R.drawable.watermelon),
new Fruit("Pear", R.drawable.pear), new Fruit("Grape", R.drawable.grape),
new Fruit("Pineapple", R.drawable.pineapple), new Fruit("Strawberry", R.drawable.strawberry),
new Fruit("Cherry", R.drawable.cherry), new Fruit("Mango", R.drawable.mango)};
private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<>();
private SwipeRefreshLayout swipeRefresh;
private FruitAdapter adapter;
@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2)
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//设置toolbar
Toolbar toolbar = findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
//侧滑
NavigationView navView = findViewById(R.id.nav_view);
mDrawerLayout = findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
ActionBar actionBar = getSupportActionBar();
if (actionBar != null) {
//设置导航默认是箭头，id是android.R.id.home
actionBar.setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
//将箭头设置成我们的图片
actionBar.setHomeAsUpIndicator(R.drawable.ic_menu);
}
//设置被选中的item
navView.setCheckedItem(R.id.nav_call);
//获取侧滑的头部
View headerView = navView.getHeaderView(0);
//头部的图像
headerView.findViewById(R.id.icon_image).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "点击了图像", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
//头部的邮件
headerView.findViewById(R.id.mail).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "点击了邮件", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
//头部的用户名
headerView.findViewById(R.id.username).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "点击了用户名", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
//侧滑点击列表
navView.setNavigationItemSelectedListener(new NavigationView.OnNavigationItemSelectedListener() {
@Override
public boolean onNavigationItemSelected(@NonNull MenuItem item) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, item.getTitle(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
//关闭侧滑
mDrawerLayout.closeDrawers();
return true;
}
});
//悬浮点击事件
FloatingActionButton fab = findViewById(R.id.fab);
fab.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// Snackbar的使用，第一个参数代表附属于哪个View,第二个文本
Snackbar.make(v, "Data deleted", Snackbar.LENGTH_LONG).setAction("Undo", new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Data restored", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}).show();
}
});
initFruits();
RecyclerView recyclerView = findViewById(R.id.recycler_view);
GridLayoutManager layoutManager = new GridLayoutManager(this, 2);
recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
adapter = new FruitAdapter(fruitList);
recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
//下拉刷新的使用
swipeRefresh = findViewById(R.id.swipe_refresh);
//设置下拉刷新时候的箭头的颜色
swipeRefresh.setColorSchemeResources(R.color.colorAccent);
//下拉刷新的事件
swipeRefresh.setOnRefreshListener(new SwipeRefreshLayout.OnRefreshListener() {
@Override
public void onRefresh() {
refreshFruits();
}
});
}
/**
* 刷新数据,模拟数据
*/
private void refreshFruits() {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
initFruits();
adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
swipeRefresh.setRefreshing(false);
}
});
}
}).start();
}
/**
* 初始化数据
*/
private void initFruits() {
fruitList.clear();
for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
Random random = new Random();
int index = random.nextInt(fruits.length);
fruitList.add(fruits[index]);
}
}
/**
* 加载创建 menu 布局
*
* @param menu
* @return
*/
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.toolbar, menu);
return true;
}
/**
* 点击menu的一些回掉
*
* @param item
* @return
*/
@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
switch (item.getItemId()) {
case android.R.id.home:
mDrawerLayout.openDrawer(GravityCompat.START);
break;
case R.id.backup:
Toast.makeText(this, "You clicked Backup", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
case R.id.delete:
Toast.makeText(this, "You clicked Delete", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
case R.id.settings:
Toast.makeText(this, "You clicked Settings", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
default:
break;
}
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}
}
FruitAdapter适配器
public class FruitAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<FruitAdapter.ViewHolder> {
private static final String TAG = "FruitAdapter";
private Context mContext;
private List<Fruit> mFruitList;
public FruitAdapter(List<Fruit> fruitList) {
this.mFruitList = fruitList;
}
public class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
CardView cardView;
ImageView fruitImage;
TextView fruitName;
public ViewHolder(View itemView) {
super(itemView);
cardView = (CardView) itemView;
fruitImage = itemView.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
fruitName = itemView.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
}
}
@NonNull
@Override
public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
//获得上下文
if (mContext == null) {
mContext = parent.getContext();
}
View view = LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(R.layout.fruit_item, parent, false);
final ViewHolder holder = new ViewHolder(view);
holder.cardView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
//获取当前的位置
int position = holder.getAdapterPosition();
Fruit fruit = mFruitList.get(position);
Intent intent = new Intent(mContext, FruitActivity.class);
intent.putExtra(FruitActivity.FRUIT_NAME, fruit.getName());
intent.putExtra(FruitActivity.FRUIT_IMAGE_ID, fruit.getImageId());
mContext.startActivity(intent);
}
});
return holder;
}
/**
* 设置数据
*/
@Override
public void onBindViewHolder(@NonNull ViewHolder holder, int position) {
Fruit fruit = mFruitList.get(position);
//设置图片
Glide.with(mContext).load(fruit.getImageId()).into(holder.fruitImage);
//设置名字
holder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
}
@Override
public int getItemCount() {
return mFruitList.size();
}
}
FruitActivity
public class FruitActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
public static final String FRUIT_NAME = "FRUIT_NAME";
public static final String FRUIT_IMAGE_ID = "FRUIT_IMAGE_ID";
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_fruit);
//获取传过来的名字和图片的Id
Intent intent = getIntent();
String fruitName = intent.getStringExtra(FRUIT_NAME);
int fruitImageId = intent.getIntExtra(FRUIT_IMAGE_ID, 0);
//toolbar
Toolbar toolbar = findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
//collapsingToolbar
CollapsingToolbarLayout collapsingToolbar = findViewById(R.id.collapsing_toolbar);
ImageView fruitImageView = findViewById(R.id.fruit_image_view);
TextView fruitContentText = findViewById(R.id.fruit_content_text);
//设置actionbar
setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
ActionBar actionBar = getSupportActionBar();
if (actionBar != null) {
actionBar.setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
}
//设置标题
collapsingToolbar.setTitle(fruitName);
//加载图片
Glide.with(this).load(fruitImageId).into(fruitImageView);
String fruitContent = generateFruitContent(fruitName);
fruitContentText.setText(fruitContent);
}
private String generateFruitContent(String fruitName) {
StringBuilder fruitContent = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
fruitContent.append(fruitName);
}
return fruitContent.toString();
}
@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
switch (item.getItemId()) {
case android.R.id.home:
finish();
return true;
default:
break;
}
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}
}
activity_fruit布局
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:fitsSystemWindows="true">
<android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
android:id="@+id/appBar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="250dp"
android:fitsSystemWindows="true">
<android.support.design.widget.CollapsingToolbarLayout
android:id="@+id/collapsing_toolbar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
android:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark.ActionBar"
app:contentScrim="?attr/colorPrimary"
app:layout_scrollFlags="scroll|exitUntilCollapsed">
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/fruit_image_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
android:scaleType="centerCrop"
app:layout_collapseMode="parallax" />
<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
android:id="@+id/toolbar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
app:layout_collapseMode="pin" />
</android.support.design.widget.CollapsingToolbarLayout>
</android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>
<android.support.v4.widget.NestedScrollView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior">
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical">
<android.support.v7.widget.CardView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginBottom="15dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="15dp"
android:layout_marginRight="15dp"
android:layout_marginTop="35dp"
app:cardCornerRadius="4dp">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/fruit_content_text"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="10dp" />
</android.support.v7.widget.CardView>
</LinearLayout>
</android.support.v4.widget.NestedScrollView>
<android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="16dp"
android:src="@drawable/ic_comment"
app:layout_anchor="@id/appBar"
app:layout_anchorGravity="bottom|end" />
</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>
fitsSystemWindows只作用在sdk>=19的系统上就是高于4.4的系统
这个属性可以给任何view设置,只要设置了这个属性此view的所有padding属性失效.
只有在设置了透明状态栏(StatusBar)或者导航栏(NavigationBar)此属性才会生效
CollapsingToolbarLayout
CollapsingToolbarLayout是用来对Toolbar进行再次包装的ViewGroup，主要是用于实现折叠（其实就是看起来像伸缩~）的App Bar效果。它需要放在AppBarLayout布局里面，并且作为AppBarLayout的直接子View。CollapsingToolbarLayout主要包括几个功能
- 内容纱布：根据滚动的位置是否到达一个阀值，来决定是否对View“盖上纱布”。可以通过setContentScrim(Drawable)来设置纱布的图片.如我们这里的app:contentScrim="?attr/colorPrimary"
- app:layout_collapseMode="pin":将子View位置固定(Pinned position children)：子View可以选择是否在全局空间上固定位置，这对于Toolbar来说非常有用，因为当布局在移动时，可以将Toolbar固定位置而不受移动的影响。
- app:layout_collapseMode="parallax" 视差滚动子View(Parallax scrolling children):子View可以选择在当前的布局当时是否以“视差”的方式来跟随滚动。（PS:其实就是让这个View的滚动的速度比其他正常滚动的View速度稍微慢一点）
- app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior"设置放置到状态栏下面
- app:layout_anchor="@id/appBar"附属在toolbar上面
