用英语学法语之 三组常用动词的多种语法品相，看完马上过B2

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1 entendre and comprendre
The main difference between the meaning of these two verbs is that entendre means "to hear" and comprendre "to understand." Sometimes entendre mean "to understand" or "to mean".
Entendez-vous la musique? Do you hear the music?
Comprenez-vous la leçon? Do you understand the lesson?
"M'entendres-tu?" dit la mère à l'enfant. "Ne fais pas cela!"
"Do you understand me?!" says the mother to the child. "Don't do that!"

Je ne comprends pas M. Grossier parce qu'il parle la bouche pleine. I do not understand Mr. Grossier because he is talking with his mouth full.
Qu'entendez-vous par là? What do you mean by that? What are you insinuating by the remark?

Je vous entends, mais je ne vous comprends pas; expliquez-vous, s'il vous plaît. I hear you, but I don't understand you; explain yourself please.

2 quitter, partir, sortir and laisser
These four verbs all mean "to leave", but note the differences in their uses:
use quitter when you state a direct object noun or pronoun that could be a person or a place
J'ai quitté mes amis devant le théátre. I left my friends in front of the theater.
J'ai quitté la maison à six heures du matin. I left the house at six in the morning.

use partir when there is no direct object noun or pronoun.
Elle est partie tout de suite. She left immediately.

However, if you use the preposition de after partir, you may add a direct object, but it would be the object of the preposition de, not of the verb partir.
Elle est partie de la maison à six heures du matin. She left (from) the house at six in the morning.

Use sortir, in the sense of "to go out", with no direct object:
Elle est sortie il y a une heure. She went out an hour ago.

Note that sortir can also be conjugated with avoir to form a compound tense, but then the meaning changes because it can take a direct object.
Elle a sorti son mouchoir pour se moucher. She took out her handkerchief to wipe her nose.

Elle a sorti son mouchoir pour moucher son enfant.
She took out her handkerchief to wipe her child's nose.

use laisser when you leave behind something that is not stationary; in other words, something movable, for example, books, and articles of clothing.
J'ai laissé mes livres sur la table dans la cuisine.
i left my books on the table in the kitchen.

J'ai laissé mon imperméable à la maison.
I left my raincoat at home.

Note that laisser also has the meaning " to let, allow a person to do something"
J'ai laissé mon ami partir. I let (allowed) my friend to leave.

partir to leave, go away contains an a and so does "away"
sortir to go out contains an o and so does "out".

3 falloir
fallor is an impersonal verb, which means that it is used only in the third person singular (il form) in all the tenses; its primary meaning is "to be necessary," Also, "you have to".

Il faut étudier pour avoir de bonnes notes. You have to study in order to have good grades.

Faut-il le faire tout de suite?
Is it necessary to do it at once?

Oui, il le faut. Yes, it is (understood: necessary to do it).

The use of the neuter direct object le is needed to show emphasis and to complete the thought
Il faut être honnête. It is necessary to be honest.
In the negative:
Il ne faut pas être malhonnête/ one must not be dishonest.

Note that il faut in the negative means "one must not"
Il ne faut pas fumer. One must not smoke.

Proverb français: il ne faut pas condamner sans entendre. / one must not condemn without a hearing. (No one should be condemned unheard).