iOS底层原理:alloc流程图及源码分析

2020-09-07  本文已影响0人  iOS_沧海一笑

万物皆对象,那对象是怎么创建出来的呢?带着这个问题,我们首先得了解一个类 [[LGPerson alloc] init] 在创建的过程中alloc做了些什么?init做了些什么?alloc 是怎样开辟内存的?

1.我们首先来看一个例子:

image.png

准备工作:

  1. 下载 objc4-781 源码
  2. 编译源码,这期间会出现各类问题,解决的方法请参考这篇文章objc4_debug
image.png

通过配置好的源码,我们可以打断点一步一步的往下走:

+ (id)alloc {
    return _objc_rootAlloc(self);
}
id
_objc_rootAlloc(Class cls)
{
    return callAlloc(cls, false/*checkNil*/, true/*allocWithZone*/);
}
static ALWAYS_INLINE id
callAlloc(Class cls, bool checkNil, bool allocWithZone=false)
{
#if __OBJC2__
    if (slowpath(checkNil && !cls)) return nil;
    if (fastpath(!cls->ISA()->hasCustomAWZ())) {
        return _objc_rootAllocWithZone(cls, nil);
    }
#endif

    // No shortcuts available.
    if (allocWithZone) {
        return ((id(*)(id, SEL, struct _NSZone *))objc_msgSend)(cls, @selector(allocWithZone:), nil);
    }
    return ((id(*)(id, SEL))objc_msgSend)(cls, @selector(alloc));
}
id
_objc_rootAllocWithZone(Class cls, malloc_zone_t *zone __unused)
{
    // allocWithZone under __OBJC2__ ignores the zone parameter
    return _class_createInstanceFromZone(cls, 0, nil,
                                         OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_CALL_BADALLOC);
}
static ALWAYS_INLINE id
_class_createInstanceFromZone(Class cls, size_t extraBytes, void *zone,
                              int construct_flags = OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_NONE,
                              bool cxxConstruct = true,
                              size_t *outAllocatedSize = nil)
{
    ASSERT(cls->isRealized());

    // Read class's info bits all at once for performance
    bool hasCxxCtor = cxxConstruct && cls->hasCxxCtor();
    bool hasCxxDtor = cls->hasCxxDtor();
    bool fast = cls->canAllocNonpointer();
    size_t size;

    size = cls->instanceSize(extraBytes);
    if (outAllocatedSize) *outAllocatedSize = size;

    id obj;
    if (zone) {
        obj = (id)malloc_zone_calloc((malloc_zone_t *)zone, 1, size);
    } else {
        // alloc 开辟内存的地方
        obj = (id)calloc(1, size);
    }
    if (slowpath(!obj)) {
        if (construct_flags & OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_CALL_BADALLOC) {
            return _objc_callBadAllocHandler(cls);
        }
        return nil;
    }

    if (!zone && fast) {
        obj->initInstanceIsa(cls, hasCxxDtor);
    } else {
        // Use raw pointer isa on the assumption that they might be
        // doing something weird with the zone or RR.
        obj->initIsa(cls);
    }

    if (fastpath(!hasCxxCtor)) {
        return obj;
    }

    construct_flags |= OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_FREE_ONFAILURE;
    return object_cxxConstructFromClass(obj, cls, construct_flags);
}
size_t instanceSize(size_t extraBytes) const {
        if (fastpath(cache.hasFastInstanceSize(extraBytes))) {
            return cache.fastInstanceSize(extraBytes);
        }

        size_t size = alignedInstanceSize() + extraBytes;
        // CF requires all objects be at least 16 bytes.
        if (size < 16) size = 16;
        return size;
    }
size_t fastInstanceSize(size_t extra) const
    {
        ASSERT(hasFastInstanceSize(extra));

        if (__builtin_constant_p(extra) && extra == 0) {
            return _flags & FAST_CACHE_ALLOC_MASK16;
        } else {
            size_t size = _flags & FAST_CACHE_ALLOC_MASK;
            // remove the FAST_CACHE_ALLOC_DELTA16 that was added
            // by setFastInstanceSize
            return align16(size + extra - FAST_CACHE_ALLOC_DELTA16);
        }
    }
static inline size_t align16(size_t x) {
    return (x + size_t(15)) & ~size_t(15);
}

接下来我们分析init方法做了什么

+ (id)init {
    return (id)self;
}
- (id) init {
    return _objc_rootInit(self);
}
id
_objc_rootInit(id obj)
{
    return obj;
}

补充: 我们可以看一下 new方法的源码是怎样实现的。

+ (id)new {
    return [callAlloc(self, false/*checkNil*/) init];
}
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