android动画及用法

2015-12-07  本文已影响0人  leiming32

android动画及用法

android中三种动画:view animation, drawable animation, property animation(3.0以后引入).
官方链接:http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/graphics/overview.html

1.view animation/tweened animation 补间动画

淡入淡出、缩放、平移、旋转四种
给出两个关键帧,通过一些算法将给定属性值在给定的时间内在两个关键帧间渐变。
缺点:

现在屏幕的左上角有一个按钮,然后我们通过补间动画将它移动到了屏幕的右下角,现在你可以去尝试点击一下这个按钮,点击事件是绝对不会触发的,因为实际上这个按钮还是停留在屏幕的左上角,只不过补间动画将这个按钮绘制到了屏幕的右下角而已。

可以通过设置interpolator属性改变动画渐变的方式,如AccelerateInterpolator,开始时慢,然后逐渐加快。默认为AccelerateDecelerateInterpolator。
xml中放在res/anim目录下

2.drawable Animation/frame Animation 帧动画

逐帧动画的工作原理很简单,其实就是将一个完整的动画拆分成一张张单独的图片,然后再将它们连贯起来进行播放,类似于动画片的工作原理。

3.property animation

真正改变view的left/top值以及width/height等。

ValueAnimator

ValueAnimator表示一个动画,包含动画的开始值,结束值,持续时间等属性。
ValueAnimator封装了一个TimeInterpolator,TimeInterpolator定义了属性值在开始值与结束值之间的插值方法。
ValueAnimator还封装了一个TypeEvaluator,根据开始、结束值与TimeInterpolator计算得到的值计算出属性值。
ValueAnimator根据动画已进行的时间跟动画总时间(duration)的比计算出一个时间因子(0~1),然后根据TimeInterpolator计算出另一个因子,最后TypeAnimator通过这个因子计算出属性值

//几个float值平滑过渡
ValueAnimator anim = ValueAnimator.ofFloat(0f, 5f, 3f, 10f);
anim.setDuration(300);
anim.addUpdateListener(new ValueAnimator.AnimatorUpdateListener() {
    @Override
    public void onAnimationUpdate(ValueAnimator animation) {
        float currentValue = (Float) animation.getAnimatedValue();
        Log.d("TAG", "cuurent value is " + currentValue);
    }
});
anim.setStartDelay(1000);
anim.setTarget(null);
anim.setRepeatCount(5);
//anim.setInterpolator(value);
//anim.setEvaluator(value);
//anim.setFrameDelay(frameDelay);
anim.start();

ObjectAnimator extends ValueAnimator

ValueAnimator只不过是对值进行了一个平滑的动画过渡,但我们实际使用到这种功能的场景好像并不多

float curTranslationX = textview.getTranslationX();
ObjectAnimator oa = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(image1, "translationX", curTranslationX, -40, curTranslationX);

//ObjectAnimator animator = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(textview, "alpha", 1f, 0f, 1f);  
oa.setDuration(1000);
oa.addListener(new AnimatorListener() {
    @Override
    public void onAnimationStart(Animator animation) {
    }

    @Override
    public void onAnimationRepeat(Animator animation) {}

    @Override
    public void onAnimationEnd(Animator animation) {}

    @Override
    public void onAnimationCancel(Animator animation) {}
});
oa.start();

动画回调太多了,不想监听那么多事件,使用AnimatorListenerAdapter

oa.addListener(new AnimatorListenerAdapter() {
    public void onAnimationRepeat(Animator animation) {
    }
});

组合动画

实现组合动画功能主要需要借助AnimatorSet这个类,这个类提供了一个play()方法,如果我们向这个方法中传入一个Animator对象(ValueAnimator或ObjectAnimator)将会返回一个AnimatorSet.Builder的实例,AnimatorSet.Builder中包括以下四个方法:

//image3先从屏幕外移动进屏幕,然后开始旋转360度,旋转的同时进行淡入淡出操作
ObjectAnimator moveIn = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(image3, "translationX", -500f, 0f);  
ObjectAnimator rotate = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(image3, "rotation", 0f, 360f);  
ObjectAnimator fadeInOut = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(image3, "alpha", 1f, 0f, 1f);  
AnimatorSet animSet = new AnimatorSet();  
animSet.play(rotate).with(fadeInOut).after(moveIn);  
animSet.setDuration(5000);  
animSet.start(); 

使用XML写动画

使用xml写动画没有代码快,但是可以重用性好。
目录:res/animator文件夹
共三种标签:

从0到100平滑过渡的动画:

<animator xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
    android:valueFrom="0"  
    android:valueTo="100"  
    android:valueType="intType"/> 

视图的alpha属性从1变成0:

<objectAnimator xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
    android:valueFrom="1"  
    android:valueTo="0"  
    android:valueType="floatType"  
    android:propertyName="alpha"/> 

将一个视图先从屏幕外移动进屏幕,然后开始旋转360度,旋转的同时进行淡入淡出操作:

<set xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
    android:ordering="sequentially" >  
  
    <objectAnimator  
        android:duration="2000"  
        android:propertyName="translationX"  
        android:valueFrom="-500"  
        android:valueTo="0"  
        android:valueType="floatType" >  
    </objectAnimator>  
  
    <set android:ordering="together" >  
        <objectAnimator  
            android:duration="3000"  
            android:propertyName="rotation"  
            android:valueFrom="0"  
            android:valueTo="360"  
            android:valueType="floatType" >  
        </objectAnimator>  
  
        <set android:ordering="sequentially" >  
            <objectAnimator  
                android:duration="1500"  
                android:propertyName="alpha"  
                android:valueFrom="1"  
                android:valueTo="0"  
                android:valueType="floatType" >  
            </objectAnimator>  
            <objectAnimator  
                android:duration="1500"  
                android:propertyName="alpha"  
                android:valueFrom="0"  
                android:valueTo="1"  
                android:valueType="floatType" >  
            </objectAnimator>  
        </set>  
    </set>  
  
</set>  

ValueAnimator的高级用法

搞清楚什么是TypeEvaluator:
ValueAnimator.ofFloat()方法就是实现了初始值与结束值之间的平滑过度,它内置了一个FloatEvaluator:

public class FloatEvaluator implements TypeEvaluator {  
    public Object evaluate(float fraction, Object startValue, Object endValue) {  
        float startFloat = ((Number) startValue).floatValue();  
        return startFloat + fraction * (((Number) endValue).floatValue() - startFloat);  
    }  
}

自定义一个View,里面使用ValueAnimator.ofObject来定义动画:

public class MyAnimView extends View {  
      
    public static final float RADIUS = 50f;  
  
    private MyPoint currentPoint;  
  
    private Paint mPaint;  
  
    public MyAnimView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {  
        super(context, attrs);  
        mPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);  
        mPaint.setColor(Color.BLUE);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {  
        if (currentPoint == null) {  
            currentPoint = new MyPoint(RADIUS, RADIUS);
            drawCircle(canvas);  
            startAnimation();  
        } else {  
            drawCircle(canvas);  
        }  
    }  
  
    private void drawCircle(Canvas canvas) {  
        float x = currentPoint.getX();  
        float y = currentPoint.getY();  
        canvas.drawCircle(x, y, RADIUS, mPaint);  
    }  
  
    private void startAnimation() {  
        MyPoint startPoint = new MyPoint(RADIUS, RADIUS);
        MyPoint endPoint = new MyPoint(getWidth() - RADIUS, getHeight() - RADIUS);  
        ValueAnimator anim = ValueAnimator.ofObject(new PointEvaluator(), startPoint, endPoint);  
        anim.addUpdateListener(new ValueAnimator.AnimatorUpdateListener() {  
            @Override  
            public void onAnimationUpdate(ValueAnimator animation) {  
                currentPoint = (MyPoint) animation.getAnimatedValue();//PointEvaluator计算好的
                invalidate();
            }  
        });  
        anim.setDuration(5000);  
        anim.start();  
    }  
  
}

MyPoint:

public class MyPoint {

    private float x;

    private float y;

    public MyPoint(float x, float y) {
        this.x = x;
        this.y = y;
    }

    public float getX() {
        return x;
    }

    public float getY() {
        return y;
    }

}

PointEvaluator:

public class PointEvaluator implements TypeEvaluator<MyPoint> {

    @Override
    public MyPoint evaluate(float fraction, MyPoint startValue, MyPoint endValue) {
        float x = startValue.getX() + fraction * (endValue.getX() - startValue.getX());
        float y = startValue.getY() + fraction * (endValue.getY() - startValue.getY());
        MyPoint point = new MyPoint(x, y);
        return point;
    }
}

效果:


再增加ObjectAnimator,两个动画playwith,先看效果:

MyAnimView增加setColor方法:
...
private String color;  
public String getColor() {  
    return color;  
}
public void setColor(String color) {  
    this.color = color;  
    mPaint.setColor(Color.parseColor(color));  
    invalidate();  
}  

修改startAnimation,使用AnimatorSet将两个动画一起播放:

private void startAnimation() {  
    Point startPoint = new Point(RADIUS, RADIUS);  
    Point endPoint = new Point(getWidth() - RADIUS, getHeight() - RADIUS);  
    ValueAnimator anim = ValueAnimator.ofObject(new PointEvaluator(), startPoint, endPoint);  
    anim.addUpdateListener(new ValueAnimator.AnimatorUpdateListener() {  
        @Override  
        public void onAnimationUpdate(ValueAnimator animation) {  
            currentPoint = (Point) animation.getAnimatedValue();  
            invalidate();  
        }  
    });  
    ObjectAnimator anim2 = ObjectAnimator.ofObject(this, "color", new ColorEvaluator(),   
            "#0000FF", "#FF0000");  
    AnimatorSet animSet = new AnimatorSet();  
    animSet.play(anim).with(anim2);  
    animSet.setDuration(5000);  
    animSet.start();  
}  

ColorEvaluator.java:

//计算一个颜色字符串然后返回
public class ColorEvaluator implements TypeEvaluator {  
  
    private int mCurrentRed = -1;  
  
    private int mCurrentGreen = -1;  
  
    private int mCurrentBlue = -1;  
  
    @Override  
    public Object evaluate(float fraction, Object startValue, Object endValue) {  
        String startColor = (String) startValue;  
        String endColor = (String) endValue;  
        int startRed = Integer.parseInt(startColor.substring(1, 3), 16);  
        int startGreen = Integer.parseInt(startColor.substring(3, 5), 16);  
        int startBlue = Integer.parseInt(startColor.substring(5, 7), 16);  
        int endRed = Integer.parseInt(endColor.substring(1, 3), 16);  
        int endGreen = Integer.parseInt(endColor.substring(3, 5), 16);  
        int endBlue = Integer.parseInt(endColor.substring(5, 7), 16);  
        // 初始化颜色的值  
        if (mCurrentRed == -1) {  
            mCurrentRed = startRed;  
        }  
        if (mCurrentGreen == -1) {  
            mCurrentGreen = startGreen;  
        }  
        if (mCurrentBlue == -1) {  
            mCurrentBlue = startBlue;  
        }  
        // 计算初始颜色和结束颜色之间的差值  
        int redDiff = Math.abs(startRed - endRed);  
        int greenDiff = Math.abs(startGreen - endGreen);  
        int blueDiff = Math.abs(startBlue - endBlue);  
        int colorDiff = redDiff + greenDiff + blueDiff;  
        if (mCurrentRed != endRed) {  
            mCurrentRed = getCurrentColor(startRed, endRed, colorDiff, 0,  
                    fraction);  
        } else if (mCurrentGreen != endGreen) {  
            mCurrentGreen = getCurrentColor(startGreen, endGreen, colorDiff,  
                    redDiff, fraction);  
        } else if (mCurrentBlue != endBlue) {  
            mCurrentBlue = getCurrentColor(startBlue, endBlue, colorDiff,  
                    redDiff + greenDiff, fraction);  
        }  
        // 将计算出的当前颜色的值组装返回  
        String currentColor = "#" + getHexString(mCurrentRed)  
                + getHexString(mCurrentGreen) + getHexString(mCurrentBlue);  
        return currentColor;  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 根据fraction值来计算当前的颜色。 
     */  
    private int getCurrentColor(int startColor, int endColor, int colorDiff,  
            int offset, float fraction) {  
        int currentColor;  
        if (startColor > endColor) {  
            currentColor = (int) (startColor - (fraction * colorDiff - offset));  
            if (currentColor < endColor) {  
                currentColor = endColor;  
            }  
        } else {  
            currentColor = (int) (startColor + (fraction * colorDiff - offset));  
            if (currentColor > endColor) {  
                currentColor = endColor;  
            }  
        }  
        return currentColor;  
    }  
      
    /** 
     * 将10进制颜色值转换成16进制。 
     */  
    private String getHexString(int value) {  
        String hexString = Integer.toHexString(value);  
        if (hexString.length() == 1) {  
            hexString = "0" + hexString;  
        }  
        return hexString;  
    }  
  
}  

Intorplator:
第一个动画增加以下:

anim.setInterpolator(new BounceInterpolator());

设置TimeInterpolator,这个接口要实现float getInterpolation(float input);
时间因子input(0~1):已进行的时间跟动画总时间的比,0代表开始,1代表结束

ViewPropertyAnimator

它是3.1系统中增加的一个功能。是为了方便使用ObjctAnimator来操作View,代码更加人性化。

参考:
http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/graphics/overview.html
http://www.cnblogs.com/angeldevil/archive/2011/12/02/2271096.html
http://blog.csdn.net/guolin_blog/article/details/43536355

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