SpringBoot -- 01 -- 启动加载类Command

2020-04-21  本文已影响0人  dinel

前言:

Spring Boot如何解决项目启动时初始化资源,在我们实际工作中,总会遇到这样需求,在项目启动的时候需要做一些初始化的操作,比如初始化线程池,提前加载好加密证书等。

为了达到这个目的,我们需要使用CommandLineRunner或ApplicationRunner接口创建bean,spring boot会自动监测到它们。这两个接口都有一个run()方法,在实现接口时需要覆盖该方法,并使用@Component注解使其成为bean。

CommandLineRunner和ApplicationRunner的作用是相同的。不同之处在于CommandLineRunner接口的run()方法接收String数组作为参数,即是最原始的参数,没有做任何处理;而ApplicationRunner接口的run()方法接收ApplicationArguments对象作为参数,是对原始参数做了进一步的封装。

当程序启动时,我们传给main()方法的参数可以被实现CommandLineRunner和ApplicationRunner接口的类的run()方法访问,即可接收启动服务时传过来的参数。我们可以创建多个实现CommandLineRunner和ApplicationRunner接口的类。为了使他们按一定顺序执行,可以使用@Order注解或实现Ordered接口。

Maven配置

pom.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.concretepage</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-demo</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    <name>spring-demo</name>
    <description>Spring Boot Demo Project</description>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies> 
    <build>
        <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

CommandLineRunner:

run(String... args)

参数为String数组。

CommandLineRunnerBean.java:

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class CommandLineRunnerBean implements CommandLineRunner {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CommandLineRunnerBean.class);  

    @Override
    public void run(String... args) {
        String strArgs = Arrays.stream(args).collect(Collectors.joining("|"));
        logger.info("Application started with arguments:" + strArgs);
    }
} 

MyApplication.java:

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
import com.concretepage.service.HelloService;

@SpringBootApplication
public class MyApplication {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyApplication.class);
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ConfigurableApplicationContext context = SpringApplication.run(MyApplication.class, args);
        HelloService service =  context.getBean(HelloService.class);
        logger.info(service.getMessage());
        }       
}


我们也可以创建一个service。一旦Spring boot启动完成service就会执行。这意味着SpringApplication.run()执行完成后service的方法就会执行。
HelloService.java:

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class HelloService {
    public String getMessage(){
        return "Hello World!";
    }
}

现在使用带有参数的可执行jar运行程序。spring-boot-demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar为生成的jar文件。执行命令如下:

java -jar spring-boot-demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar data1 data2 data3

输出结果为:

2017-03-19 13:38:38.909  INFO 1036 --- [           main] c.c.bean.CommandLineRunnerBean           : Application started with arguments:data1|data2|data3
2017-03-19 13:38:38.914  INFO 1036 --- [           main] com.concretepage.MyApplication           : Started MyApplication in 1.398 seconds (JVM running for 1.82)
2017-03-19 13:38:38.915  INFO 1036 --- [           main] com.concretepage.MyApplication           : Hello World! 

ApplicationRunner:

run(ApplicationArguments args)

可以看到,CommandLineRunner.run()接收String数组作为参数,而ApplicationRunner.run()接收ApplicationArguments作为参数。这些参数是启动spring boot程序时传给main()方法的。

ApplicationRunnerBean.java:

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationArguments;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationRunner;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class ApplicationRunnerBean implements ApplicationRunner {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ApplicationRunnerBean.class);  
    @Override
    public void run(ApplicationArguments arg0) throws Exception {
            String strArgs = Arrays.stream(arg0.getSourceArgs()).collect(Collectors.joining("|"));
            logger.info("Application started with arguments:" + strArgs);
    }
} 

创建可执行jar包并使用如下参数运行:

java -jar spring-boot-demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar data1 data2 data3

输出结果为:

2017-03-19 16:26:06.952  INFO 5004 --- [           main] c.c.bean.ApplicationRunnerBean           : Application started with arguments:data1|data2|data3
2017-03-19 16:26:06.956  INFO 5004 --- [           main] com.concretepage.MyApplication           : Started MyApplication in 1.334 seconds (JVM running for 1.797)
2017-03-19 16:26:06.957  INFO 5004 --- [           main] com.concretepage.MyApplication           : Hello World! 

ApplicationArguments是对参数(main方法)做了进一步的处理,可以解析–name=value的,我们就可以通过name来获取value(而CommandLineRunner只是获取–name=value),可以接收–foo=bar这样的参数。
–getOptionNames()方法可以得到foo这样的key的集合。
–getOptionValues(String name)方法可以得到bar这样的集合的value。

看一个demo:

import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationArguments;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationRunner;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Arrays;

@Component
public class MyApplicationRunner implements ApplicationRunner{

    @Override
    public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("===MyApplicationRunner==="+ Arrays.asList(args.getSourceArgs()));
        System.out.println("===getOptionNames========"+args.getOptionNames());
        System.out.println("===getOptionValues======="+args.getOptionValues("foo"));
        System.out.println("==getOptionValues========"+args.getOptionValues("developer.name"));
    }
}

创建可执行jar包并使用如下参数运行:

java -jar spring-boot-demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar data1 data2 data3

输出结果为:

2017-03-19 16:26:06.952  INFO 5004 --- [           main] c.c.bean.ApplicationRunnerBean           : Application started with arguments:data1|data2|data3
2017-03-19 16:26:06.956  INFO 5004 --- [           main] com.concretepage.MyApplication           : Started MyApplication in 1.334 seconds (JVM running for 1.797)
2017-03-19 16:26:06.957  INFO 5004 --- [           main] com.concretepage.MyApplication           : Hello World! 

ApplicationArguments是对参数(main方法)做了进一步的处理,可以解析–name=value的,我们就可以通过name来获取value(而CommandLineRunner只是获取–name=value),可以接收–foo=bar这样的参数。
–getOptionNames()方法可以得到foo这样的key的集合。
–getOptionValues(String name)方法可以得到bar这样的集合的value。

看一个demo:

import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationArguments;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationRunner;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Arrays;

@Component
public class MyApplicationRunner implements ApplicationRunner{

    @Override
    public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("===MyApplicationRunner==="+ Arrays.asList(args.getSourceArgs()));
        System.out.println("===getOptionNames========"+args.getOptionNames());
        System.out.println("===getOptionValues======="+args.getOptionValues("foo"));
        System.out.println("==getOptionValues========"+args.getOptionValues("developer.name"));
    }
}

配置参数启动:


在这里插入图片描述

运行结果:

===MyApplicationRunner===[--foo=bar, --developer.name=xiao.qiang]
===getOptionNames========[foo, developer.name]
===getOptionValues=======[bar]
==getOptionValues========[xiao.qiang]

CommandLineRunner和ApplicationRunner的执行顺序:

在spring boot程序中,我们可以使用不止一个实现CommandLineRunner和ApplicationRunner的bean。为了有序执行这些bean的run()方法,可以使用@Order注解或Ordered接口。例子中我们创建了两个实现CommandLineRunner接口的bean和两个实现ApplicationRunner接口的bean。我们使用@Order注解按顺序执行这四个bean。

CommandLineRunnerBean1.java

@Component
@Order(1)
public class CommandLineRunnerBean1 implements CommandLineRunner {
    @Override
    public void run(String... args) {
        System.out.println("CommandLineRunnerBean 1");
    }
}

ApplicationRunnerBean1.java

@Component
@Order(2)
public class ApplicationRunnerBean1 implements ApplicationRunner {
    @Override
    public void run(ApplicationArguments arg0) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("ApplicationRunnerBean 1");
    }
}

CommandLineRunnerBean2.java

@Component
@Order(3)
public class CommandLineRunnerBean2 implements CommandLineRunner {
    @Override
    public void run(String... args) {
        System.out.println("CommandLineRunnerBean 2");
    }
}

ApplicationRunnerBean2.java

@Component
@Order(4)
public class ApplicationRunnerBean2 implements ApplicationRunner {
    @Override
    public void run(ApplicationArguments arg0) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("ApplicationRunnerBean 2");
    }
}

输出结果为:

CommandLineRunnerBean 1
ApplicationRunnerBean 1
CommandLineRunnerBean 2
ApplicationRunnerBean 2
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