经济学人早报阅读笔记|202003323The Economis
Justice delayed: the Supreme Court goes dark
司法延误: 最高法院陷入黑暗
For the first time since 1918, a public- health crisis has interruptedhearings at America's Supreme Court. Among the 11 oral arguments that were due to be heard between today and April 1st are two related disputes over whether a New York prosecutor and congressional committees may subpoena President Donald Trump's financial records. With no date set for hearings to resume and the pandemic worsening, the term's final nine engagements—still on the calendar for late April—are also in question. Many could be resolved without argument or when the court reconvenes in October. More pressing are the case of Mr Trump's financial records and a dispute over whether states may punish "faithless electors" who do not vote the way theypledged to in the electoral college. The justices could hear such cases in a largely empty courtroom. Or they could find an electronic solution that protects them while giving Americans a glimpse into matters of great public interest.
自1918年以来，公共卫生危机第一次中断了美国最高法院的听证会。 在今天到4月1日之间的11个口头辩论中，有两个相关的争议，即纽约检察官和国会委员会是否可能传唤唐纳德 · 特朗普总统的财务记录。 由于没有确定恢复听证会的日期，而且大流行病的情况正在恶化，该任期的最后九项任务(仍在4月下旬的日历上)也受到了质疑。 许多问题可以在没有争论的情况下得到解决，或者在10月法院重新开庭时得到解决。 更紧迫的是特朗普先生的财务记录，以及各州是否会惩罚那些没有按照他们在选举团中承诺的方式投票的“不忠实的选举人”的争论。 大法官们可以在一个基本上空无一人的法庭上审理此类案件。 或者，他们可以找到一种电子解决方案，在保护他们的同时，让美国人瞥见公众极为关注的事情。
subpoena n. <律>(传唤出庭的)传票 vt. <律>(用传票)传唤(某人)
Not minding the gap: Britons disregard social distancing
不要介意差距: 英国人漠视社会疏远
On March 20th, Boris Johnson, Britain's prime minister, instructed all of the country's pubs and restaurants to shut to help stem the spread of covid-19. Yet data released over the weekend suggest that Britons are still mingling more than people in most other Western countries. Citymapper, a route-planning app with 20m users, created a "mobility index" that estimates how much people are moving around in a selection of 40 cities, compared with a typical day. Western Europe and North America have seen the sharpest declines, as the virus has claimed hundreds of lives in several countries. But among places where the death toll has reached three figures, Britain is an outlier. On March 20th mobility in London, Manchester and Birmingham hovered around 25% of normal levels. New York was at 10%, with Rome, Paris and Madrid all at 5% or below. Unless Britain's government takes more strident action—and its people follow official advice—the country may be headed for trouble.
3月20日，英国首相鲍里斯 · 约翰逊下令全国所有的酒吧和餐馆关门，以帮助阻止 covid-19的传播。 然而，上周末公布的数据显示，英国人仍然比大多数其他西方国家的人交往更多。 拥有2000万用户的路线规划应用 Citymapper 创建了一个“流动性指数” ，用于估算40个城市的人口流动量，而不是通常一天的流动量。 西欧和北美下降最快，几个国家已有数百人死于该病毒。 但在死亡人数达到三位数的地区中，英国是一个例外。 3月20日在伦敦，曼彻斯特和伯明翰的流动性徘徊在正常水平的25% 左右。 纽约是10% ，罗马、巴黎和马德里都是5% 或更低。 除非英国政府采取更加强硬的行动，并让人民听从官方的建议，否则这个国家可能会陷入麻烦。
mingle vt. & vi. 混合, 混入 vi. 混进, 与…交往[联系]
has reached three figures 达到三位数
outlier n. 露宿者,局外人,外露层
strident adj. (指声音)尖锐的;刺耳的
Airing dirty laundry: the Swedbank report
揭露丑闻: 瑞典银行的报告
For Sweden's oldest bank, the reckoning for serious deficiencies in its anti-money-laundering measures in its Baltic operations has been painful. On March 19th Swedbank was fined SKr4bn ($398m) by Sweden's financial supervisory authority for shoddy AML controls and for withholding documents from regulators, who had investigated reports that €135bn ($145bn) of "high-risk" money allegedly sloshed through its Estonian branch. Today Clifford Chance, a law firm, will present the findings of an internal Swedbank probe covering transactions between 2007 and 2019. The bank has reportedly launched 152 initiatives to avoid a repeat of the scandal. Nevertheless, big fines loom elsewhere. The internal report is expected to shed light on hundreds of transactions that potentially violated American sanctions. Swedbank's only consolation is that it is not alone— other European banks ensnared in recent money-laundering scandals include Danske Bank and ING. European authorities face a balancing act: strengthening AML enforcement, including fines, at a time when, thanks to covid-19, bank balance-sheets are under increasing strain.
对于这家历史最悠久的瑞典银行而言，对其波罗的海业务反洗钱措施严重缺陷的清算一直是痛苦的。 3月19日，瑞典银行被瑞典冰岛金融监管局交易委员会处以40亿瑞典克朗(合3.98亿美元)的罚款，理由是反洗钱控制措施不当，以及向监管机构隐瞒文件。监管机构调查了有关1350亿瑞典克朗(合1450亿美元)的“高风险”资金据称流经其爱沙尼亚分行的报告。 今天，高伟绅律师事务所(Clifford Chance)将公布瑞典银行(Swedbank)对2007年至2019年间交易的内部调查结果。 据报道，该银行已经启动了152项举措，以避免丑闻重演。 尽管如此，高额罚款还是在其他地方出现了。 预计这份内部报告将揭露数百项可能违反美国制裁规定的交易。 瑞典银行唯一的安慰是，它不是唯一一家受到洗钱丑闻困扰的欧洲银行，包括丹斯克银行(Danske Bank)和荷兰国际集团(ING)。 欧洲当局面临着一个平衡问题: 在由于 covid-19，银行资产负债表承受着越来越大的压力之际，加强反洗钱执法，包括罚款。
shoddy adj. 劣质的;劣等的 吝啬的;卑鄙的
withhold vt. 保留，不给；隐瞒；抑制 vi. 忍住；克制
sloshed adj. 喝醉的；醉的 v. 搅动；痛饮；艰难行进；发出溅水声（slosh的过去分词）
probe n. 探针；调查 vi. 调查；探测 vt. 探查；用探针探测
initiatives 主动的行动, 倡议; 主动权 n. 主动性, 首创精神
loom vi. 可怕地出现；朦胧地出现；隐约可见 n. 织布机；若隐若现的景象 vt. 在织布机上织
consolation n. 安慰,慰问 起安慰作用的人(或事物)
ensnared vt. 诱捕；诱入陷阱；进入罗网
Heading south: The rainbow nation braces for covid-1 9
向南: 彩虹之国准备迎接covid -19
South Africans are slowly adjusting to the new reality brought by covid-19. Since the first case in the country was announced on March 5th, President Cyril Ramaphosa has announced a ban on travellers from China and most of Europe. Gatherings of more than 100 are prohibited. But there is a growing sense that it is too late. As of March 22nd, South Africa reported 274 cases, the highest official tally in sub-Saharan Africa, up from 116 four days before. This is worrying in a country with the world's highest number of people with HIV/AIDS and a parlous economy. The unemployment rate is nearly 30% and the country is in its second recession in two years. Families can ill afford to lose their breadwinner and the state cannot afford to help much. Sadly South Africans are familiar with trauma and tough times. They will need to draw on all those reserves of resilience.
南非人正在缓慢地适应 covid-19带来的新现实。 自从3月5日该国发现第一例病例以来，总统西里尔 · 拉马福萨已经宣布禁止来自中国和欧洲大部分地区的旅行者入境。 禁止100人以上的集会。 但越来越多的人认为，现在为时已晚。 截至3月22日，南非报告了274例病例，这是2009年撒哈拉以南非洲最高的官方统计数字，比四天前的116例有所增加。 在一个艾滋病毒 / 艾滋病感染者人数居世界首位、经济状况岌岌可危的国家，这种情况令人担忧。 失业率接近30% ，这个国家正处于两年内的第二次经济衰退。 家庭承担不起失去养家糊口的人的代价，国家也承担不起太多的帮助。 不幸的是，南非人对创伤和艰难时期很熟悉。 他们将需要利用所有这些储备的弹性。
tally n. 标签；记账；计数器 vt. 计算；记录；使符合 vi. 一致；记分
parlous adj. 危险的;不确定的;难对付的
breadwinner n. 养家糊口的人
resilience n. 弹回;弹性 恢复力；适应力
Holed under the waterline: covid-1 9 cripples cruise lines
在水线之下：covid-1 9条残废的巡游路线
At the start of January cruise lines were expecting a record-breaking "wave season"—the quarter during which they sell a majority of their holidays. Cruise revenues at Carnival, the world's largest operator, grew 10% last year to $20.4bn. Its executives were expecting an even better 2020. That was until the spread of covid-19. Now an industry with global revenues of nearly $50bn a year is almost completely shut down. Cruise ships, sold as the safe and easy way to see the world, have come to be seen as diseased-infested traps. The crisis has made some Carnival ships infamous. The Diamond Princess eventually tallied 700 cases and the Grand Princess, whose quarantine ends today, dozens. The world's three largest cruise lines, which account for nearly 80% of global capacity, have suspended all voyages for months. With operators' reputations in tatters and their shares down 80-90%, investors have been left to wonder whether this industry will ever make a full recovery.
1月初，邮轮公司预计将迎来一个打破纪录的“浪潮季节”——在这个季度，他们的大部分假期都会出售。 全球最大的邮轮运营商嘉年华邮轮公司去年的邮轮收入增长了10% ，达到204亿美元。 该公司的高管们期待着一个更好的2020年。 直到 covid-19的传播。 如今，一个年全球收入近500亿美元的行业几乎完全关闭。 游轮，作为安全和简单的方式来看待这个世界，已经被视为病虫害出没的陷阱。 这场危机使得一些狂欢节船只声名狼藉。 钻石公主最终记录了700个病例，而隔离检疫今天结束的大公主则记录了数十个。 世界上最大的三家邮轮公司已经暂停所有航行数月，这三家邮轮公司的运力占全球邮轮运力的近80% 。 随着运营商声誉受损，股价下跌80-90% ，投资者开始怀疑这个行业是否会完全复苏。
infest vt. 骚扰；寄生于；大批出没；大批滋生
tatter n. 碎布；破布条；破旧的衣服 崩溃;毁坏 vt. 扯碎,撕碎;使破烂 vi. 变得破烂
The world in brief
The novel coronavirus continued its devastating march across the globe as the number of confirmed cases surpassed 310,000 and deaths exceeded 13,000. Australia's prime minister announced restrictions on pubs and restaurants. India's capital, Delhi, went on lockdown. Lombardy—the Italian region hit worst by the outbreak —banned outdoor exercise. And in America, President Donald Trump approved a disaster declaration for the state of New York, indicating he would consider the status, which unlocks federal funding, for other states.
新型冠状病毒继续在全球肆虐，确诊病例超过31万例，死亡人数超过1.3万人。 澳大利亚总理宣布限制酒吧和餐馆。 印度首都德里进入封锁状态。 意大利伦巴第地区是此次疫情最严重的地区，该地区禁止进行户外运动。 在美国，唐纳德 · 特朗普总统为纽约州批准了重大灾难状态声明，表示他将考虑为其他州解锁联邦资金的地位。
Republicans and Democrats in America's Senate continued to tussle over a stimulus bill intended to soften the blow to the world's largest economy from the coronavirus pandemic. The package could exceed $1.8trn and would be Congress's largest-ever financial rescue. A sticking point has been whether, and how, companies rescued with federal funding should protect workers.
美国参议院的共和党人和民主党人继续就经济刺激法案争论不休，该法案旨在减轻冠状病毒大流行对世界最大经济体造成的打击。 该方案可能超过1.8万亿美元，将成为国会有史以来规模最大的金融救助方案。 关键问题是，用联邦资金救助的企业是否应该保护工人，以及如何保护工人。
tussle vi. 扭打；打斗；剧烈的斗争 n. 争斗，扭打
stimulus n. 刺激；激励；刺激物
sticking point 关键点；症结
Iran's supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, rejected an American offer to help battle covid-19, calling the proposed humanitarian assistance "strange". The Islamic republic has recorded the highest number of cases of any country in the Middle East. Iranian authorities have blamed American sanctions for their struggle to contain the disease.
伊朗最高领袖阿亚图拉 · 阿里 · 哈梅内伊(Ayatollah Ali Khamenei)拒绝了美国提出的帮助抵御 covid-19的提议，称提议的人道主义援助“很奇怪”。 这个伊斯兰共和国是中东地区病例最多的国家。 伊朗当局指责美国的制裁是伊朗努力遏制艾滋病蔓延的原因。
The committee organising the Olympic games in Tokyo has begun to plan for the possibility of postponing this summer's event, officials told Reuters. A delay would mark a reversal for Japan's government, which has maintained that the games must go on. The Olympics had become a pet project of the prime minister, Abe Shinzo.
官员们告诉路透社，组织东京奥运会的委员会已经开始计划推迟今年夏天的活动。 推迟奥运会将标志着日本政府的态度发生逆转。日本政府一直坚持认为，奥运会必须继续下去。 奥运会已经成为日本首相安倍晋三的宠儿。
pet n. 宠物；受宠爱的人；生气 vt. 宠爱 vi. 爱抚；生气 adj. 宠爱的
Primark, a fast-fashion retailer, planned to close all 189 of its stores in Britain, just days after shuttering its outlets in Europe and America. It also cancelled future orders from suppliers. Primark's closures follow similar moves by John Lewis and Topshop, highlighting the strain retailers face as consumers remain at home to avoid spreading the coronavirus.
快速时尚零售商 Primark 计划关闭其在英国的所有189家门店，而就在几天前，它刚刚关闭了在欧洲和美国的门店。 它还取消了未来来自供应商的订单。 Primark 的关闭紧随 John Lewis 和 Topshop 的类似举措，突显出零售商面临的压力，因为消费者仍然留在家里，以避免传播冠状病毒。
shutter （ to close a business, office etc for a short time or permanently）
retail outlets 零售店
Britain's financial regulator asked companies with shares listed in London to delay publishing preliminary results for at least a fortnight. The financial statements come ahead of full annual reports. The regulator said it wanted to give companies enough time to assess the damage wrought by covid-19 and ensure that investors are given accurate information.
英国金融监管机构要求在伦敦上市的公司将公布初步业绩的时间推迟至少两周。 财务报表在正式年度报告之前发布。 监管机构表示，希望给企业足够的时间来评估 covid-19造成的损害，并确保投资者获得准确的信息。
preliminary adj. 初步的, 预备的, 开端的 n. 准备工作, 初步行动
fortnight n. 两星期, 十四天
An earthquake of magnitude 5.3 rocked Zagreb, the capital of Croatia, cracking buildings and cluttering the streets of the city with debris. Andrej Plenkovic, the prime minister, called it Zagreb's biggest tremor in 140 years. It left a 15-year-old in critical condition and injured several others, putting pressure on hospitals in a city already under partial lockdown thanks to covid-19.
一场5.3级的地震震动了克罗地亚首都札格拉布，建筑物被震裂，街道上布满了碎片。 首相安德烈•普伦科维奇(Andrej Plenkovic)称这是札格拉布140年来最大的地震。 由于 covid-19的爆炸，一名15岁的少年情况危急，数人受伤，这给一个已经部分封锁的城市的医院带来了压力。
earthquake magnitude 地震震级，地震等级；地震规模
tremor n. 颤动；震颤
critical conditio情况危急（Critical condition is a medical state.）
声明：
本文摘自The Economist Espresso
仅作为学习交流之用
如若侵权请联系删除
更多文章请关注公众号“无知阁”
