长安游记(六▪上)
2018-03-14 本文已影响0人
简易菲简
偶然经过半坡地铁站,发现地标上有个半坡博物馆,查了以后发现这就是半坡遗址发掘地,于是就有了今日的行程——探究史前文化。
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半坡遗址属新石器时代仰韶文化,而仰韶文化其主要分布在黄河流域一带。半坡遗址是六千年前新石器时代母系氏族社会的缩影,那时人们只知其母,不知其父。
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半坡人属于蒙古人种,容貌和脑容量与当今中国人并无多大差别,只是寿命没有现在人长。
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新石器时代的半坡人,已经懂得用石头和陶制品制作各式各样的工具,如石斧、石铲、石镰、陶措、陶刀等。
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除了石器工具和陶器工具外,半坡人也制作和使用骨质工具。如,骨铲,骨钩,骨针等。骨针的出现,为后来用植物纤维纺织制作服装提供了基础。
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人类的爱美之心,自古有之。那时候的人类,用骨笄、动物的牙齿或者贝壳做装饰。
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半坡人以部落群居的方式生活,他们的房屋有圆形,矩形。他们已经掌握了火的使用方法,能熟练地掌握生火方式,用以制陶、烧灶。
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半坡人通过练泥、搓泥条、做器胚、修整器壁、绘彩、装窑、烧窑的方式制作陶器。如今,依然有保存完好的陶器和窑坑存在。陶器上的图案多用黑色矿物颜料绘制,不易褪色。陶器上的图案多为几何形状,也有变化的鱼形图案。
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有些陶片上刻着一些符号,这些符号是制作者的标志还是语言文字的雏形,至今都是未解之谜。
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据考察,半坡人主要以农耕和打猎为生。
农业生产的主要标志是农作物的种植,半坡遗址出土了很多粟壳,还有菜种,这是当时已有农业和粮食作物的明证。据现场遗留动物残骨考证,他们的猎物主要有鹿,獐等。
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半坡遗址是古人生活的遗迹,虽然时隔六千年,但是依然保存完好。通过它,我们实现了一场与古人之间跨越六千年时空的对话,感受到了中华文明的源远流长。
几千年来,多少次斗转星移,沧海桑田,现在的半坡已经朝文明走了很远很远。而今,让我们一起忆往昔,朝前看吧!
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