ROS机器人系统

安装树梅派4B的Ubuntu18.04 的ROS系统

2021-08-16  本文已影响0人  yuanthu

我进行Tensorflow1.0 API下的Object detection进行目标检测,推荐在树莓派安装ubuntu18.04 + ROS,使用tensorflow API。
TensorFlow1.0 Object detection API下载的地址,我使用了1.13.0:
git clone git://github.com/YuanzhengMa/models/tree/r1.13.0

下载镜像,我下载的石32位的server:
https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/releases/18.04/release/ubuntu-18.04.5-preinstalled-server-armhf+raspi4.img.xz
将树莓派卡插入读卡器,使用官网Raspberry Pi Imager, https://www.raspberrypi.org/software/格式化后进行刻录:

image.png

这时候将卡插回树莓派就可以看到命令行,分别输入以下指令:

  1. 确保我们的系统为最新
sudo apt-get update
  1. 更换apt源,打开 source.list
sudo nano /etc/apt/source.list

增加如下:

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
  1. 继续更新一次系统
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
#sudo apt-get install ubuntu-mate-desktop # 安装mate
  1. 安装远程控制桌面,可以PC,Mac甚至手机端下载VNC viewer进行控制
sudo apt-get install xrdp
  1. 安装ROS
sudo apt-get update
# ROS wki as reference
# http://wiki.ros.org/melodic/Installation/Ubuntu
# setup your sources.list
sudo sh -c '. /etc/lsb-release && echo "deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ros/ubuntu/ `lsb_release -cs` main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros-latest.list'

5.1 设置source key

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver 'hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80' --recv-key C1CF6E31E6BADE8868B172B4F42ED6FBAB17C654

sudo apt update

5.2 安装ROS-melodic

sudo apt install ros-melodic-desktop-full

5.3 如果提示丢包,我建议kill掉进程后使用fix-missing:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt install ros-melodic-desktop-full --fix-missing

5.4 环境设置

# It's convenient if the ROS environment variables are automatically added to your bash session every time a new shell is launched: 

echo "source /opt/ros/melodic/setup.sh" >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

5.5 安装python以及ROS相关依赖库

sudo apt install python-rosdep python-rosinstall python-rosinstall-generator python-wstool build-essential

5.6 安装rosdep,并执行更新,这个非常容易掉线:

sudo rosdep init
rosdep update

如果失败,改大延迟,提高 rosdep update命中率

sudo apt update

5.6.1 打开 sudo nano sources_list.py

cd /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/rosdep2
# 这里树莓派raspbian buster和他的路径是一致的
sudo nano sources_list.py

5.6.2 在如下download_rosdep_data中,将url更改为"https://ghproxy.com/"+url:

# seconds to wait before aborting download of rosdep data
DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT = 300.0


def download_rosdep_data(url):
    """
    :raises: :exc:`DownloadFailure` If data cannot be
        retrieved (e.g. 404, bad YAML format, server down).
    """
    try:
        # http/https URLs need custom requests to specify the user-agent, since$
        # requests from the default user-agent.
        url="https://ghproxy.com/"+url

5.6.3 打开sudo nano gbpdistro_support.py,将延迟由15更改为300

# seconds to wait before aborting download of gbpdistro data
DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT = 300.0

5.6.4 打开sudo nano rep3.py
将DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT延时15更改为300

cd /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/rosdistro$ ,对init.py原先DEFAULT_INDEX_URL前端加入'https://ghproxy.com/
最终:DEFAULT_INDEX_URL = 'https://ghproxy.com/https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/index-v4.yaml'

sudo nano __init__.py

# same version as in:
# - setup.py
# - stdeb.cfg
__version__ = '0.8.3'

# index information

#DEFAULT_INDEX_URL = 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/index-v4.yaml'
DEFAULT_INDEX_URL = 'https://ghproxy.com/https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/index-v4.yaml'

然后再执行安装rosdep update

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt update
rosdep update
sudo apt update

如果解析域名失败,修改google域名的解决办法:

sudo gedit /etc/resolv.conf

5.6.5 将原有的nameserver这一行注释,并添加以下两行:

nameserver 8.8.8.8 #google域名服务器

nameserver 8.8.4.4 #google域名服务器

5.6.6 保存退出,执行

sudo  apt-get update

5.6.7 再执行更新

rosdep update

sudo apt update
  1. 执行roscore,启动ros程序
roscore
  1. crtl + alt + T,新建terminal, 运行turtlesim
rosrun turtlesim turtlesim_node
  1. 再新建终端,ctrl + alt + T,
rosrun turtlesim turtle_teleop_key

修改串口,这个很重要后面ROS控制需要

  1. 查看当前串口状态,交换蓝牙串口和mini-uart
ls /dev/ -all
cd /boot/firmware
sudo nano config.txt

9.1 在文件最后新增

dtoverlay=miniuart-bt
force_turbo=1

9.2 reboot一下,最终状态为

crw-rw----   1 root   dialout 204,  64 Aug  6  2020 ttyAMA0
crw-rw----   1 root   dialout   4,  64 Aug  6  2020 ttyS0

9.3 打开firmware,将第三第四删除,

cd /boot/firmware
sudo nano nobtcmd.txt

最终修正为

net.ifnames=0 dwc_otg.lpm_enable=0 console=tty1 root=LABEL=writable rootfstype=ext4 elevator=deadline rootwait fixrtc

9.4 reboot一下,查看最终修改状态,查看用户组是否在dailout,查看串口读写权限,安装rosserial测试

crw-rw----   1 root   dialout 204,  64 Aug  6  2020 ttyAMA0
crw-rw----   1 root   dialout   4,  64 Aug  6  2020 ttyS0

9.5 输入:

groups ubuntu

显示ubuntu : ubuntu adm dialout cdrom floppy sudo audio dip video plugdev lxd。。。。。。

  1. 安装ros-melodic-rosserial
sudo apt install ros-melodic-rosserial ros-melodic-rosserial-arduino
  1. 启动roscore,设置rosrundiaoyong串口,在未链接外设情况下启动测试rosserial,显示同步15秒超时
roscore
rosrun rosserial_python serial_node.py _port:=/dev/ttyAMA0 _baud:=115200

配置swap

  1. 配置swap为2GB基本够用,目的是为了防止因为内存不足引起树梅派(如4b1G)catkin_make闹错,因为内存引起的catkin_make报错也可限制核心数量,如-j1或-j2
sudo apt-get install dphys-swapfile
sudo nano /etc/dphys-swapfile

去掉注释#,修改CONF_SWAPSIZE为修改

CONF_SWAPSIZE=2048
  1. 查看swap是否生效
reboot
free -h

完毕,速度哦

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