英语与翻译英语达人英语点滴

英语的句型(19)

2019-03-13  本文已影响56人  林间竹音

上文讲到了疑问句的三种类型。关于这三种类型的疑问句,Harold E.Palmer把第一种称为一般疑问句(General Question),第二种称为特殊疑问句(Special Question)。而Otto Jespersen把第一种句型称为叙述关系的疑问(Nexus Question),第二种为含有未知数的疑问(X-question)。而第三种句型,则被Onions及Curme称为深思熟虑的疑问(Deliberative Question)。

除了以上这三种类型以外,还有一种所谓的修辞的疑问(Rhetorical Question),即那种表面上是疑问句,实则什么都不要问,而只是作为一种反语来表示自己相反的意见,好使对方接受而已。这种表现手法要比陈述句更为有力,更充满感情。例如:

        有什么用?What is the use?(= It is no use.)

        谁不晓得?Who does not know?(= Everyone knows.)

        有人写过这样没有意义的东西吗?Was ever such nonsense written?(= Never was such nonsense written.)

在这种修辞的疑问中,肯定的疑问句相等于否定的陈述句。例如:

        黑人能够改变他的肤色,豹子能够改变它的斑纹吗?Can the Ethiopian change his skin, or the leopard his spots?

如果用陈述句来说时,当然就变成cannot了。而否定疑问句相当于肯定的陈述句。例如:

        这不好笑吗?Isn’t it funny?(= It is very funny.)

有时,连句尾的问号都可以省略。例如:

Yet, are we not like spoilt children who have so many new toys to play with that we have ceased to wonder at anything. 可是,我们真的   好像是不断地给与许多新玩具的惯坏了的孩子似的,对任何东西都不感到新奇了。

有时,加上一个否定字的not,也和没有此字的句子一样,结果变成同样的意思。例如:

        他发现这个时极为惊异。

        What was his astonishment on finding it? = How great was his astonishment on finding it!(感叹句)

        What was not his astonishment on finding it?(修辞的疑问)= No astonishment could be greater than his was on finding it.

下面就这四种疑问句分别举例翻译如下:

(一) 一般疑问句

今夜月亮圆了没有?Is the moon full tonight?

公众不是最好的批评家吗?Is the public not the best judge?

你知道猫有九条命吗?Do you know the cat has nine lives?

英国人喜欢户外运动吗?Are the English fond of outdoor sports?

他坚持要一意孤行吗?Will he have his own way?

她的眼睛是蓝色的还是棕色的?Has she blue eyes or brown eyes?

你以前认识他吗?Used you to know him?

他应该马上动身吗?Ought he to start at once?

衣服穿得太脏是对人的一种无礼。Isn’t untidy dress a form of discourtesy?

他这样愚笨真令人吃惊?Isn’t it surprising that he should be so foolish?

你的意思是拒绝吗?Am I to understand that you refused?

(二) 特殊疑问句

谁会想到这样呀?Who would have thought so?

一部车子里能够坐多少人?How many passengers can ride in one carriage?

你手里是什么?What have you in your hand?

从这里到车站哪条路最近?Which is the shortest way from here to the railway station?

那本书你在哪里找到的?Where did you find the book?

她为什么要这样说?Why did she say so?

她何时起病的?Since when has she been ill?

你对于中国电影觉得怎么样?How do you like Chinese movies?

假期何时开始?When will the holidays begin?

(三) 深思熟虑的疑问句

他还没来吗?He is not coming yet?

那房间里什么也没有吗?Nothing was found in the room?

我们并不感兴趣。We were not amused, were we?(Queen Elizabeth)(伊丽莎白一世)

那真奇怪呀。That’s queer, isn’t it?

我要尊敬你吗?I honour thee?

他不会说英语?He doesn’t speak English?

你不吃蛋糕?You don’t eat cakes?

再不要了吗?No more?

他把约会忘记了?He to forget the appointment?

他是一个绅士?He a gentleman?(= He is not a gentleman.)

你不去开会吗?You are not going to the meeting?

(四) 修辞的疑问句

这有什么麻烦?What is the trouble?(= It is no trouble.) 

谁不喜欢名利?Who does not care for fame and wealth?(= Everybody likes fame and wealth.) 你能忘记那可怕的光景吗?Can you forget that terrible scene?(= You cannot forget that terrible scene.) 

本性难移。 Can man change his nature? 

世界上有这样的事吗? Has ever such a thing happened in the world? 

我不应该留我兄弟在此。 Am I my brother’s keeper?(= It is not my duty to keep my brother.) 

我不在乎。What do I care?(= I don’t care.) 

我有足够的钱吗? Have I money enough?(= I haven’t enough money.)

英语的句型以前发布的文章链接:

英语的句型(18)

(未完待续)

(注:摘自钱歌川的《翻译的技巧》)

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