Selenium的配置

环境版本:

chromedriver : 103.0.5060.53
google-chrome: 103.0.5060.53
selenium-java: 4.0.0 //最新版4.2.2,可以试试最新版; 今天(2022.6.24)4.3.0发布了
selenium-devtools-v102: 4.2.0 // v102最旧的版本是4.2.0的，应该用v103，但是103还没发布(2022.6.23), V102也可以用；v103今天(2022.6.24)早晨发布了

Java代码:

//配置chromedriver的位置，chromedriver太大了,放镜像里不合适,做了pvc /data挂载
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "/data/crawler/chromedriver");
ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions();
// 如果chrome浏览器安装的是非标准位置，需要指定位置
chromeOptions.setBinary("/usr/bin/google-chrome");

// docker环境下，添加下面的参数
chromeOptions.addArguments("--headless");
chromeOptions.addArguments("--no-sandbox");  // 必须加
chromeOptions.addArguments("--disable-dev-shm-usage");
chromeOptions.addArguments("--disable-gpu");
chromeOptions.addArguments("--blink-settings=imagesEnabled=false");

WebDriver chromeDriver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions);

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
            <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
            <artifactId>selenium-devtools-v102</artifactId>
            <version>4.2.0</version>
        </dependency> 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
            <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.0</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

配置一个基础镜像

• chrome并没有加入到yum仓库中，需要手动下载后安装

在主机上执行:

wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_x86_64.rpm 
放入目录/data/

将jdk:11的镜像启动

docker run -itd --rm --name basecrawler  -v /data/:/data/    jdk:11 
docker exec -it basecrawler /bin/bash

在镜像中执行yum安装

# 添加阿里云的镜像仓库
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo 
# ECS执行:
sed -i 's/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/url_tmp/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo && sed -i 's/mirrors.aliyun.com/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo && sed -i 's/url_tmp/mirrors.aliyun.com/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
# 替换掉repo中的变量
sed -i 's/$releasever/7/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
# 以上可以不做
cd /data/
# 这里只下载就行，不要输入y安装，直接输入d只下载
# 安装libxcb是因为chromedriver 缺少运行库libxcb.so.1
yum install libxcb ./google-chrome-stable_current_x86_64.rpm
# 下载完成后执行:
find /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7Server/  -name "*.rpm" -exec cp -f {} /data/  \;
# 拷贝出去备用

基础镜像的Dockerfile
/data/Dockerfile

FROM registry-vpc.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/acegear/java:11
RUN mkdir -p /app/rpm && echo 'Asia/Shanghai' >/etc/timezone
ENV TZ='Asia/Shanghai'
WORKDIR /app
COPY rpm/*.rpm rpm/
RUN yum install rpm/*.rpm -y && yum clean all && rm -rf /var/cache/yum

以上是使用本地driver的配置(6.24写的)

---

下面是使用远程driver的配置(6.28写的):

1、 拉取镜像

# 单节点模式, host ip 是192.168.10.5
docker pull selenium/standalone-chrome:103.0.5060.53-chromedriver-103.0.5060.53
docker run -d -p 4444:4444 --shm-size="2g" selenium/standalone-chrome:103.0.5060.53-chromedriver-103.0.5060.53

# 浏览器访问192.168.10.5:4444 能看到sessions和浏览器、chromedriver版本

2、Java代码:

package org.example;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver;
import java.net.URL;

public class HelloSelenium {
    public static void main(String[] arg) throws Exception {
        ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions();
        chromeOptions.addArguments("--headless");
        chromeOptions.addArguments("--no-sandbox");
        WebDriver chromeDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL("http://192.168.10.5:4444"),chromeOptions);
        chromeDriver.get("https://www.baidu.com");
        chromeDriver.quit();
    }
}

3、pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>org.example</groupId>
  <artifactId>selenium</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

  <name>selenium</name>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
      <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.0</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

</project>