Java并发编程(一): synchronized和volati

2018-02-07  本文已影响51人  码农随想录

1、概述

1.1、线程安全概念

当多个线程访问某一个类(对象或方法)时,这个对象始终都能表现出正确的行为,那么这个类(对象或方法)就是线程安全的。

1.2、synchronized

synchronized可以在任意对象及方法上加锁,而加锁的这段代码称为"互斥区"或"临界区"

2、synchronized

2.1、synchronized基本使用

package com.yxp.one.sync001;

/**
 * Created by yangxiooping on 2018/2/5.
 */
public class MyThread extends Thread{

    private int count = 5 ;

    //synchronized加锁
    public synchronized void run(){
        count--;
        System.out.println(this.currentThread().getName() + " count = "+ count);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
 
        MyThread myThread = new MyThread();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(myThread,"t1");
        Thread t2 = new Thread(myThread,"t2");
        Thread t3 = new Thread(myThread,"t3");
        Thread t4 = new Thread(myThread,"t4");
        Thread t5 = new Thread(myThread,"t5");
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();
        t4.start();
        t5.start();
    }
}

运行结果.png

2.2、多个线程多个锁

package com.yxp.one.sync002;

/**
 * Created by yangxiooping on 2018/2/5.
 */
public class MultiThread {
    private int num = 0;

    /** static */
    public synchronized void printNum(String tag){
        try {

            if(tag.equals("a")){
                num = 100;
                System.out.println("tag a, set num over!");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } else {
                num = 200;
                System.out.println("tag b, set num over!");
            }

            System.out.println("tag " + tag + ", num = " + num);

        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    //注意观察run方法输出顺序
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //俩个不同的对象
        final MultiThread m1 = new MultiThread();
        final MultiThread m2 = new MultiThread();

        Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                m1.printNum("a");
            }
        });

        Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                m2.printNum("b");
            }
        });

        t1.start();
        t2.start();

    }
}
运行结果.png

2.3、对象锁的同步和异步

    public synchronized void method1(){
        try {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            Thread.sleep(4000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    public void method2(){
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        
        final MyObject mo = new MyObject();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                mo.method1();
            }
        },"t1");
        
        Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                mo.method2();
            }
        },"t2");
        
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        
    }
运行结果.png

2.4、脏读

public class DirtyRead {

    private String username = "yxp";
    private String password = "123";

    public synchronized void setValue(String username, String password){
        this.username = username;

        try {
            Thread.sleep(2000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        this.password = password;

        System.out.println("setValue最终结果:username = " + username + " , password = " + password);
    }
  //public synchronized void getValue(){
    public void getValue(){
        System.out.println("getValue方法得到:username = " + this.username + " , password = " + this.password);
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{

        final DirtyRead dr = new DirtyRead();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                dr.setValue("z3", "456");
            }
        });
        t1.start();
        Thread.sleep(1000);

        dr.getValue();
    }   
}
运行结果.png

2.5、synchronized锁重入

关键字synchronized拥有锁重入的功能,也就是在使用synchronized时,当一个线程得到了一个对象的锁后,再次请求此对象时是可以再次得到该对象的锁。出现异常,锁自动释放。

2.5.1、对象锁重入
public class SyncDubbo1 {
    public synchronized void method1(){
        System.out.println("method1..");
        method2();
    }
    public synchronized void method2(){
        System.out.println("method2..");
        method3();
    }
    public synchronized void method3(){
        System.out.println("method3..");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final SyncDubbo1 sd = new SyncDubbo1();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                sd.method1();
            }
        });
        t1.start();
    }
}
运行结果
2.5.2、类锁重入
public class SyncDubbo2 {
    static class Main {
        public int i = 10;
        public synchronized void operationSup(){
            try {
                i--;
                System.out.println("Main print i = " + i);
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    static class Sub extends Main {
        public synchronized void operationSub(){
            try {
                while(i > 0) {
                    i--;
                    System.out.println("Sub print i = " + i);
                    Thread.sleep(100);
                    this.operationSup();
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                Sub sub = new Sub();
                sub.operationSub();
            }
        });

        t1.start();
    }
}
运行结果

2、在静态方法上加synchronized关键字,表示锁定.class类,类一级别的锁(独占.class类)。

2.6、异常释放锁

public class SyncException {

    private int i = 0;
    public synchronized void operation(){
        while(true){
            while(true){
                try {
                    i++;
                    Thread.sleep(100);
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " , i = " + i);
                    if(i == 5){//模拟业务逻辑出现异常,抛出异常,在方法抛出异常的时候会自动解锁
                        throw new RuntimeException();
                    }
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public synchronized void operation2(){
        try {
            Thread.sleep(100);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " , i = " + i);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        final SyncException se = new SyncException();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                se.operation();
            }
        },"t1");
        Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                se.operation2();
            }
        },"t2");
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
    }
}
运行结果

2.7、synchronized代码块

public class Optimize {
    public void doLongTimeTask(){
        try {
            System.out.println("当前线程开始:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() +
                    ", 正在执行一个较长时间的业务操作,其内容不需要同步");
            Thread.sleep(2000);
            synchronized(this){
                System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() +
                        ", 执行同步代码块,对其同步变量进行操作");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            }
            System.out.println("当前线程结束:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() +
                    ", 执行完毕");
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final Optimize otz = new Optimize();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                otz.doLongTimeTask();
            }
        },"t1");
        Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                otz.doLongTimeTask();
            }
        },"t2");
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
    }
}
运行结果

2.8、synchronized可以使用任意的Object进行加锁

2.8.1、使用非String的常量加锁
public class ObjectLock {

    public void method1(){
        synchronized (this) {   //对象锁
            try {
                System.out.println("do method1..start");
                Thread.sleep(2000);
                System.out.println("do method1..end");
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    public void method2(){      //类锁
        synchronized (ObjectLock.class) {
            try {
                System.out.println("do method2..start");
                Thread.sleep(2000);
                System.out.println("do method2..end");
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    private Object lock = new Object();
    public void method3(){      //任何对象锁
        synchronized (lock) {
            try {
                System.out.println("do method3..start");
                Thread.sleep(2000);
                System.out.println("do method3..end");
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final ObjectLock objLock = new ObjectLock();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                objLock.method1();
            }
        });
        Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                objLock.method2();
            }
        });
        Thread t3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                objLock.method3();
            }
        });
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();
    }
}
运行结果
2.8.2、使用String的常量加锁
public class StringLock {

    public void method() {
        //new String("字符串常量")
        synchronized ("字符串常量") {
            try {
                while(true){
                    System.out.println("当前线程 : "  + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "开始");
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                    System.out.println("当前线程 : "  + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "结束");
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final StringLock stringLock = new StringLock();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                stringLock.method();
            }
        },"t1");
        Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                stringLock.method();
            }
        },"t2");
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
    }
}
运行结果

2.9、锁对象的改变问题

public class ModifyLock {
    private String name ;
    private int age ;
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public synchronized void changeAttributte(String name, int age) {
        try {
            System.out.println("当前线程 : "  + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 开始");
            this.setName(name);
            this.setAge(age);
            System.out.println("当前线程 : "  + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 修改对象内容为: "
                    + this.getName() + ", " + this.getAge());
            Thread.sleep(2000);
            System.out.println("当前线程 : "  + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 结束");
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final ModifyLock modifyLock = new ModifyLock();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                modifyLock.changeAttributte("张三", 20);
            }
        },"t1");
        Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                modifyLock.changeAttributte("李四", 21);
            }
        },"t2");
        t1.start();
        try {
            Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        t2.start();
    }
}
运行结果

2.10、死锁问题

public class DeadLock implements Runnable{

    private String tag;
    private static Object lock1 = new Object();
    private static Object lock2 = new Object();
    public void setTag(String tag){
        this.tag = tag;
    }
    public void run() {
        if(tag.equals("a")){
            synchronized (lock1) {
                try {
                    System.out.println("当前线程 : "  + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 进入lock1执行");
                    Thread.sleep(2000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                synchronized (lock2) {
                    System.out.println("当前线程 : "  + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 进入lock2执行");
                }
            }
        }
        if(tag.equals("b")){
            synchronized (lock2) {
                try {
                    System.out.println("当前线程 : "  + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 进入lock2执行");
                    Thread.sleep(2000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                synchronized (lock1) {
                    System.out.println("当前线程 : "  + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 进入lock1执行");
                }
            }
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        DeadLock d1 = new DeadLock();
        d1.setTag("a");
        DeadLock d2 = new DeadLock();
        d2.setTag("b");
        Thread t1 = new Thread(d1, "t1");
        Thread t2 = new Thread(d2, "t2");
        t1.start();
        try {
            Thread.sleep(500);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        t2.start();
    }
}
运行结果

3、volatile

3.1、基本概念

volatile关键字的主要作用是使变量在多个线程间可见

public class RunThread extends Thread{

    private volatile boolean isRunning = true;
    private void setRunning(boolean isRunning){
        this.isRunning = isRunning;
    }
    public void run(){
        System.out.println("进入run方法..");
        int i = 0;
        while(isRunning == true){
            try {
                Thread.sleep(10);
            }catch (InterruptedException e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("循环中...");
        }
        System.out.println("线程停止");
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        RunThread rt = new RunThread();
        rt.start();
        Thread.sleep(50);
        rt.setRunning(false);
        System.out.println("isRunning的值已经被设置了false");
    }
}
运行结果

3.2、AtomicInteger

AtomicInteger是一个提供原子操作的Integer类,通过线程安全的方式操作加减。

public class AtomicUse {

    private static AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0);
    //多个addAndGet在一个方法内是非原子性的,需要加synchronized进行修饰,保证4个addAndGet整体原子性
    public synchronized int multiAdd(){
        try {
            Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        count.addAndGet(1);
        count.addAndGet(1);//+2
        return count.get();
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final AtomicUse au = new AtomicUse();

        List<Thread> ts = new ArrayList<Thread>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            ts.add(new Thread(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    System.out.println(au.multiAdd());
                }
            }));
        }
        for(Thread t : ts){
            t.start();
        }
    }
}
运行结果

3.3、volatile关键字不具备synchronized关键字的原子性(同步)

public class VolatileNoAtomic extends Thread{
    private static volatile int count;
    // private static AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0);
    private static void addCount(){
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            count++ ;
            // count.incrementAndGet();
        }
        System.out.println(count);
    }
    public void run(){
        addCount();
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        VolatileNoAtomic[] arr = new VolatileNoAtomic[100];
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            arr[i] = new VolatileNoAtomic();
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            arr[i].start();
        }
    }
}
运行结果
public class VolatileNoAtomic extends Thread{
    //private static volatile int count;
    private static AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0);
    private static void addCount(){
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            //count++ ;
             count.incrementAndGet();
        }
        System.out.println(count);
    }
    public void run(){
        addCount();
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        VolatileNoAtomic[] arr = new VolatileNoAtomic[100];
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            arr[i] = new VolatileNoAtomic();
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            arr[i].start();
        }
    }
}
运行结果

4、最后

这是我在学习synchronized整理的学习笔记,希望能分享出来和大家一起探讨,笔记代码传送门。如果你觉得我的笔记对您有一点帮助,请给我点赞鼓励。谢谢

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