Linux下MySQL数据库安装与配置

2017-07-14 本文已影响941人 garyond

安装环境准备
- 操作系统： Oracle Linux Server 6.5
- IP 地址： 192.168.6.176
- 版本信息： MySQL Community Server 5.7.18
下载MySQL数据库
- 访问MySQL网站
  MySQL官网下载
- 根据操作系统类型和版本下载相应的安装包
  注：此处下载的是RPM格式的安装包，通过RPM方式进行安装。
  
  需要下载的安装包：
  - mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
  - mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
  - mysql-community-client-5.7.18-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
  - mysql-community-libs-5.7.18-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
  下载安装包

安装MySQL数据库

在Linux操作系统下执行命令进行安装。

[root@DB-Server-Node1 ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el6.x86_64.rpm  mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el6.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-client-5.7.18-1.el6.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-libs-5.7.18-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.18-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
1:mysql-community-common ########################################### [ 25%]
2:mysql-community-libs   ########################################### [ 50%]
3:mysql-community-client ########################################### [ 75%]
4:mysql-community-server ########################################### [100%]

配置MySQL数据库

修改/etc/my.cnf配置文件，指定数据存放位置

注：修改MySQL数据库的默认数据存储路径，需要关闭SELinux，否则会出现服务启动不了，并出现Can't create directory的错误信息。

[root@DB-Server-Node1 ~]#  vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

[root@DB-Server-Node1 ~]#  mkdir -p /data/mysql
[root@DB-Server-Node1 data]# cd /data
[root@DB-Server-Node1 data]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql
[root@DB-Server-Node1 data]# ll
total 20
drwx------. 2 root  root  16384 Jul 14 10:46 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql  4096 Jul 14 14:43 mysql

启动MySQL服务
```
[root@DB-Server-Node1 mysql]# service mysqld start
Initializing MySQL database:                             [  OK  ]
Installing validate password plugin:                     [  OK  ]
Starting mysqld:                                         [  OK  ]
```
注意： 在初次启动mysql服务时，请先确保是否已经关闭selinux，否则在服务启动时会出现Can’t create test file xxx-lower-test的错误信息，可以通过临时关闭selinux命令setenforce 0或永久关闭selinux（修改/etc/sysconfig/selinux配置文件）来禁用selinux。

修改数据库默认密码

(1). 通过MySQL生成的临时密码来修改

MySQL 5.7在启动时会生成一个初始化密码，而在之前的版本首次登陆不需要登录。可以通过生成的默认密码登录数据库，然后再修改root的密码；

方法 1：
```
[root@DB-Server-Node1 mysql]# cat /root/.mysql_secret
# Password set for user 'root@localhost' at 2015-04-22 22:13:23
?G5W&tz1z.cN
```
注：在Linux操作系统下有可能没有.mysql_secret文件，可以采用以下的方法来查询MySQL的临时密码。

方法2：
```
[root@DB-Server-Node1 mysql]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2015-04-23T03:04:55.113219Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: kqiffRrpa2,:
```
(2). 通过MySQL安全模式来修改密码

另外还可以通过以下的步骤来修改root用户的密码。

先停止MySQL服务

```
[root@DB-Server-Node1 data]#  service mysqld stop
Stopping mysqld:                                           [  OK  ]
```

使用安全模式进入MySQL

```
[root@DB-Server-Node1 data]#  mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables
2017-06-14T07:06:38.506327Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'.
2017-06-14T07:06:38.548109Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/mysql
```

此处，需要新打开一个SSH连接

```
[root@DB-Server-Node1 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>use mysql
Database Changed
mysql>update user set authentication_string=password("123456") where user='root' and host='localhost';
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 1
mysql>flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>exit
 ```

修改完后，退出安全模式，并重启服务

测试MySQL数据库访问

[root@DB-Server-Node1 mysql]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.18

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

登录成功，修改用户密码成功。

注： MySQL 5.7版本在用户首次登录时提示用户修改密码，需要通过set PASSWORD=PASSWORD("新密码");语句来设置新密码，如果不修改则无法对数据库进行操作。

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'Sczq@db123' WITH GRANT 
OPTION;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing 
this statement.

mysql> set PASSWORD=PASSWORD("123456");
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by '123456' with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

Linux下MySQL数据库安装与配置

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