本文主要以 Mockito 2.9.0 为基础进行分析，如有bug请大家指正。

Mockito 主要过程如下图所示：

Mockito架构

如上图所示，通过对目标类进行创建 proxy 类，并添加相应的函数拦截方式，然后实例化，即为最终生成的 mock 对象。
通过 Interceptor 类来对目标类中的特殊函数乃至特殊参数进行特殊返回值的定义。

入口分析

通过官方示例，可以看出 Mockito 的使用都是依赖于 Annotation 进行完成的，因此程序的入口也由其来承担。那它们是怎么进行 Annotation 解析的呢？
示例如下：

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class UnitTest {

    private static final String FAKE_STRING = "HELLO WORLD";

    @Mock
    Context mMockContext;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        when(mMockContext.getString(R.string.app_name))
                .thenReturn(FAKE_STRING);
    }

    @Test
    public void test() {
        String text = mMockContext.getString(R.string.app_name);
        System.out.println(text);
    }

}

在 Mockito 1.x 版本中通过 BlockJUnit4ClassRunner 来判定 JUnit版本（是否4~5以上），因此通过 BlockJUnit4ClassRunner 及 JUnit44RunnerImpl 中为初始化过程添加MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(target); 这样来兼容老版本 JUnit 。
而在 Mockito 2.9.x 中则使用仅仅考虑JUnit 4以上的版本。因此如下图所示：

初始化类关系

从而在代码中的 Annotations 相关的标记即可被发现。

架构分析

在 Mockito 中主要的类为 Mockito ，其中主要用来处理 mock 函数的相关实现。具体类图如下：

架构图
从类图结构上来看， Mockito 通过 ByteBuddy 来创建 mock 类并进行实例化 proxy 对象。
<b> 老版本中使用的是 cglib 的方式来进行创建子类 </b>
其中主要通过接口类ClassCreatingMockMaker来创建proxy类。

函数返回值分析

在 Mockito 中可以通过如下方式来进行返回值的 mock, 如下：

when(mMockContext.getString(R.string.app_name)).thenReturn(FAKE_STRING);

上述事项主要是通过 ThreadSafeMockingProgress 中 MockingProgressImpl 来获取当前调用过程中的 OngoingStubbing 来缓存其执行结果。具体过程如下图：

Mock 生成代理 Object 时序图

在 SubclassBytecodeGenerator 中通过重写父类函数的实现来拦截对应函数的返回值，具体类的声明如下所示：

@Override
    public <T> Class<? extends T> mockClass(MockFeatures<T> features) {
        DynamicType.Builder<T> builder =
                byteBuddy.subclass(features.mockedType)
                         .name(nameFor(features.mockedType))
                         .ignoreAlso(isGroovyMethod())
                         .annotateType(features.mockedType.getAnnotations())
                         .implement(new ArrayList<Type>(features.interfaces))
                         .method(matcher)
                           .intercept(to(DispatcherDefaultingToRealMethod.class))
                           .transform(withModifiers(SynchronizationState.PLAIN))
                           .attribute(INCLUDING_RECEIVER)
                         .method(isHashCode())
                           .intercept(to(MockMethodInterceptor.ForHashCode.class))
                         .method(isEquals())
                           .intercept(to(MockMethodInterceptor.ForEquals.class))
                         .serialVersionUid(42L)
                         .defineField("mockitoInterceptor", MockMethodInterceptor.class, PRIVATE)
                         .implement(MockAccess.class)
                           .intercept(FieldAccessor.ofBeanProperty());
        if (features.serializableMode == SerializableMode.ACROSS_CLASSLOADERS) {
            builder = builder.implement(CrossClassLoaderSerializableMock.class)
                             .intercept(to(MockMethodInterceptor.ForWriteReplace.class));
        }
        if (readReplace != null) {
            builder = builder.defineMethod("readObject", void.class, Visibility.PRIVATE)
                    .withParameters(ObjectInputStream.class)
                    .throwing(ClassNotFoundException.class, IOException.class)
                    .intercept(readReplace);
        }
        ClassLoader classLoader = new MultipleParentClassLoader.Builder()
            .append(features.mockedType)
            .append(features.interfaces)
            .append(currentThread().getContextClassLoader())
            .append(MockAccess.class, DispatcherDefaultingToRealMethod.class)
            .append(MockMethodInterceptor.class,
                MockMethodInterceptor.ForHashCode.class,
                MockMethodInterceptor.ForEquals.class).build(MockMethodInterceptor.class.getClassLoader());
        if (classLoader != features.mockedType.getClassLoader()) {
            assertVisibility(features.mockedType);
            for (Class<?> iFace : features.interfaces) {
                assertVisibility(iFace);
            }
            builder = builder.ignoreAlso(isPackagePrivate()
                .or(returns(isPackagePrivate()))
                .or(hasParameters(whereAny(hasType(isPackagePrivate())))));
        }
        return builder.make()
                      .load(classLoader, loader.getStrategy(features.mockedType))
                      .getLoaded();
    }

在 SubclassByteBuddyMockMaker 中创建根据上述内容实例化出对应的 proxy 对象，并对相应的实例化字段进行赋值，具体内容参见 createMock 函数的实现，如下所示：

@Override
    public <T> T createMock(MockCreationSettings<T> settings, MockHandler handler) {
        // 创建对应的代理类
        Class<? extends T> mockedProxyType = createMockType(settings);

        Instantiator instantiator = Plugins.getInstantiatorProvider().getInstantiator(settings);
        T mockInstance = null;
        try {
            // 实例化代理对象
            mockInstance = instantiator.newInstance(mockedProxyType);
            MockAccess mockAccess = (MockAccess) mockInstance;
            // 注册 mockMethodInterceptor 实例
            mockAccess.setMockitoInterceptor(new MockMethodInterceptor(asInternalMockHandler(handler), settings));

            return ensureMockIsAssignableToMockedType(settings, mockInstance);
        } catch (ClassCastException cce) {
            throw new MockitoException(join(
                    "ClassCastException occurred while creating the mockito mock :",
                    "  class to mock : " + describeClass(settings.getTypeToMock()),
                    "  created class : " + describeClass(mockedProxyType),
                    "  proxy instance class : " + describeClass(mockInstance),
                    "  instance creation by : " + instantiator.getClass().getSimpleName(),
                    "",
                    "You might experience classloading issues, please ask the mockito mailing-list.",
                    ""
            ), cce);
        } catch (org.mockito.internal.creation.instance.InstantiationException e) {
            throw new MockitoException("Unable to create mock instance of type '" + mockedProxyType.getSuperclass().getSimpleName() + "'", e);
        }
    }

具体接口调用的拦截过程，参见 bytebuddy 拦截过程，下面是个简单的拦截例子，如下所示：

Class<?> dynamicType = new ByteBuddy()
  .subclass(Object.class)
  .method(ElementMatchers.named("toString"))
  .intercept(FixedValue.value("Hello World!"))
  .make()
  .load(getClass().getClassLoader())
  .getLoaded();
 
assertThat(dynamicType.newInstance().toString(), is("Hello World!"));

上述方式可以固定返回 "Hello World"。
类似上述内容，在 Mockito 中会主动调用 MockMethodInterceptor 中的 doIntercept 函数中，从而最终调用 InternalMockHandler.handle() 函数，其中含有调用参数等信息。
因此当mock代理对象的函数被调用之后，最终会调用MockHandlerImpl.handle() 函数，具体实现如下：

    public Object handle(Invocation invocation) throws Throwable {
        if (invocationContainerImpl.hasAnswersForStubbing()) {
            // stubbing voids with doThrow() or doAnswer() style
            InvocationMatcher invocationMatcher = matchersBinder.bindMatchers(
                    mockingProgress().getArgumentMatcherStorage(),
                    invocation
            );
            invocationContainerImpl.setMethodForStubbing(invocationMatcher);
            return null;
        }
        VerificationMode verificationMode = mockingProgress().pullVerificationMode();

        InvocationMatcher invocationMatcher = matchersBinder.bindMatchers(
                mockingProgress().getArgumentMatcherStorage(),
                invocation
        );

        mockingProgress().validateState();

        // if verificationMode is not null then someone is doing verify()
        if (verificationMode != null) {
            // We need to check if verification was started on the correct mock
            // - see VerifyingWithAnExtraCallToADifferentMockTest (bug 138)
            if (((MockAwareVerificationMode) verificationMode).getMock() == invocation.getMock()) {
                VerificationDataImpl data = createVerificationData(invocationContainerImpl, invocationMatcher);
                verificationMode.verify(data);
                return null;
            } else {
                // this means there is an invocation on a different mock. Re-adding verification mode
                // - see VerifyingWithAnExtraCallToADifferentMockTest (bug 138)
                mockingProgress().verificationStarted(verificationMode);
            }
        }

        // prepare invocation for stubbing
        invocationContainerImpl.setInvocationForPotentialStubbing(invocationMatcher);
        OngoingStubbingImpl<T> ongoingStubbing = new OngoingStubbingImpl<T>(invocationContainerImpl);
        mockingProgress().reportOngoingStubbing(ongoingStubbing);

        // look for existing answer for this invocation
        StubbedInvocationMatcher stubbedInvocation = invocationContainerImpl.findAnswerFor(invocation);
        notifyStubbedAnswerLookup(invocation, stubbedInvocation);

        if (stubbedInvocation != null) {
            stubbedInvocation.captureArgumentsFrom(invocation);
            return stubbedInvocation.answer(invocation);
        } else {
            Object ret = mockSettings.getDefaultAnswer().answer(invocation);
            DefaultAnswerValidator.validateReturnValueFor(invocation, ret);

            // redo setting invocation for potential stubbing in case of partial
            // mocks / spies.
            // Without it, the real method inside 'when' might have delegated
            // to other self method and overwrite the intended stubbed method
            // with a different one. The reset is required to avoid runtime exception that validates return type with stubbed method signature.
            invocationContainerImpl.resetInvocationForPotentialStubbing(invocationMatcher);
            return ret;
        }
    }

这样在调用之后，会通过 mockingProgress().reportOngoingStubbing(ongoingStubbing); 函数调用来保存当前执行的函数信息，以及相关参数的信息，因此回到文章开头，使用 when 函数进行函数调用返回值的固定方式就通过 mockingProcess() 中获取 OngoingStubbing 对象，并设定相应的返回参数即可完成返回默认值或固定值的操作。