深入理解ReentrantLock与Condition

2020-06-18  本文已影响0人  dinel

锁是什么?

并发编程的时候,比如说有一个业务是读写操作,那多个线程执行这个业务就会造成已经写入的数据又写一遍,就会造成数据错乱。
所以需要引入锁,进行数据同步,强制使得该业务执行的时候只有一个线程在执行,从而保证不会插入多条重复数据。
一些共享资源也是需要加锁,从而保证数据的一致性。

图片.png

使用ReentrantLock同步

首先来看第一个实例:用两个线程来在控制台有序打出1,2,3。

public class FirstReentrantLock {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Runnable runnable = new ReentrantLockThread();
        new Thread(runnable, "a").start();
        new Thread(runnable, "b").start();
    }
}

class ReentrantLockThread implements Runnable {

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "输出了:  " + i);
        }
    }
}

执行FirstReentrantLock ,查看控制台输出:


图片.png

可以看到,并没有顺序,杂乱无章。
那使用ReentrantLock加入锁,代码如下:

package com.chapter2;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

/**
 * @author tangj
 * 
 *         如何使用ReentrantLock
 */
public class FirstReentrantLock {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Runnable runnable = new ReentrantLockThread();
        new Thread(runnable, "a").start();
        new Thread(runnable, "b").start();
    }
}

class ReentrantLockThread implements Runnable {
    // 创建一个ReentrantLock对象
    ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            // 使用lock()方法加锁
            lock.lock();
            for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "输出了:  " + i);
            }
        } finally {
            // 别忘了执行unlock()方法释放锁
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

执行FirstReentrantLock ,查看控制台输出:

图片.png

有顺序的打印出了0,1,2,0,1,2.

这就是锁的作用,它是互斥的,当一个线程持有锁的时候,其他线程只能等待,待该线程执行结束,再通过竞争得到锁。

使用Condition实现线程等待和唤醒

通常在开发并发程序的时候,会碰到需要停止正在执行业务A,来执行另一个业务B,当业务B执行完成后业务A继续执行。ReentrantLock通过Condtion等待/唤醒这样的机制.

通常在开发并发程序的时候,会碰到需要停止正在执行业务A,来执行另一个业务B,当业务B执行完成后业务A继续执行。ReentrantLock通过Condtion等待/唤醒这样的机制.

相比较synchronize的wait()和notify()/notifAll()的机制而言,Condition具有更高的灵活性,这个很关键。Conditon可以实现多路通知和选择性通知。

当使用notify()/notifAll()时,JVM时随机通知线程的,具有很大的不可控性,所以建议使用Condition。

Condition使用起来也非常方便,只需要注册到ReentrantLock下面即可

参考下图:


图片.png

接下来,使用Condition来实现等待/唤醒,并且能够唤醒制定线程

先写业务代码:

package com.chapter2.howtocondition;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class MyService {

    // 实例化一个ReentrantLock对象
    private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    // 为线程A注册一个Condition
    public Condition conditionA = lock.newCondition();
    // 为线程B注册一个Condition
    public Condition conditionB = lock.newCondition();

    public void awaitA() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入了awaitA方法");
            long timeBefore = System.currentTimeMillis();
            // 执行conditionA等待
            conditionA.await();
            long timeAfter = System.currentTimeMillis();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"被唤醒");
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "等待了: " + (timeAfter - timeBefore)/1000+"s");
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public void awaitB() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入了awaitB方法");
            long timeBefore = System.currentTimeMillis();
            // 执行conditionB等待
            conditionB.await();
            long timeAfter = System.currentTimeMillis();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"被唤醒");
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "等待了: " + (timeAfter - timeBefore)/1000+"s");
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public void signallA() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("启动唤醒程序");
            // 唤醒所有注册conditionA的线程
            conditionA.signalAll();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    
    public void signallB() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("启动唤醒程序");
            // 唤醒所有注册conditionA的线程
            conditionB.signalAll();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

分别实例化了两个Condition对象,都是使用同一个lock注册。注意conditionA对象的等待和唤醒只对使用了conditionA的线程有用,同理conditionB对象的等待和唤醒只对使用了conditionB的线程有用。

继续写两个线程的代码:

package com.chapter2.howtocondition;

public class MyServiceThread1 implements Runnable {

    private MyService service;

    public MyServiceThread1(MyService service) {
        this.service = service;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        service.awaitA();
    }
}

注意:MyServiceThread1 使用了awaitA()方法,持有的是conditionA!

package com.chapter2.howtocondition;

public class MyServiceThread2 implements Runnable {

    private MyService service;

    public MyServiceThread2(MyService service) {
        this.service = service;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        service.awaitB();
    }
}

注意:MyServiceThread2 使用了awaitB()方法,持有的是conditionB!

最后看启动类:

package com.chapter2.howtocondition;

public class ApplicationCondition {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        MyService service = new MyService();
        Runnable runnable1 = new MyServiceThread1(service);
        Runnable runnable2 = new MyServiceThread2(service);
        
        new Thread(runnable1, "a").start();
        new Thread(runnable2, "b").start();
        
        // 线程sleep2秒钟
        Thread.sleep(2000);
        // 唤醒所有持有conditionA的线程
        service.signallA();
        
        Thread.sleep(2000);
        // 唤醒所有持有conditionB的线程
        service.signallB();
    }
}

执行ApplicationCondition ,来看控制台输出结果:


图片.png

a和b都进入各自的await()方法。首先执行的是

图片.png

使用conditionA的线程被唤醒,而后再唤醒使用conditionB的线程。
学会使用Condition,那来用它实现生产者消费者模式

生产者和消费者

首先来看业务类的实现:

package com.chapter2.consumeone;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class Service {

    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private boolean flag = false;
    private Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
    // 以此为衡量标志
    private int number = 1;

    /**
     * 生产者生产
     */
    public void produce() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            while (flag == true) {
                condition.await();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-----生产-----");
            number++;
            System.out.println("number: " + number);
            System.out.println();
            flag = true;
            // 提醒消费者消费
            condition.signalAll();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 消费者消费生产的物品
     */
    public void consume() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            while (flag == false) {
                condition.await();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-----消费-----");
            number--;
            System.out.println("number: " + number);
            System.out.println();
            flag = false;
            // 提醒生产者生产
            condition.signalAll();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

生产者线程代码:

package com.chapter2.consumeone;

/**
 * 生产者线程
 * 
 * @author tangj
 *
 */
public class MyThreadProduce implements Runnable {

    private Service service;

    public MyThreadProduce(Service service) {
        this.service = service;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (;;) {
            service.produce();
        }
    }
}

消费者线程代码:

package com.chapter2.consumeone;

/**
 * 消费者线程
 * 
 * @author tangj
 *
 */
public class MyThreadConsume implements Runnable {

    private Service service;

    public MyThreadConsume(Service service) {
        super();
        this.service = service;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (;;) {
            service.consume();
        }
    }
}

启动类:

package com.chapter2.consumeone;

public class Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Service service = new Service();
        Runnable produce = new MyThreadProduce(service);
        Runnable consume = new MyThreadConsume(service);
        new Thread(produce, "生产者  ").start();
        new Thread(consume, "消费者  ").start();
    }
}

执行Application,看控制台的输出:


图片.png

因为采用了无限循环,生产者线程和消费者线程会一直处于工作状态,可以看到,生产者线程执行完毕后,消费者线程就会执行,以这样的交替顺序,

而且的number也遵循者生产者生产+1,消费者消费-1的一个状态。这个就是使用ReentrantLock和Condition来实现的生产者消费者模式。

顺序执行线程

充分发掘Condition的灵活性,可以用它来实现顺序执行线程。
来看业务类代码:

package com.chapter2.sequencethread;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class Service {

    // 通过nextThread控制下一个执行的线程
    private static int nextThread = 1;
    private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    // 有三个线程,所有注册三个Condition
    Condition conditionA = lock.newCondition();
    Condition conditionB = lock.newCondition();
    Condition conditionC = lock.newCondition();

    public void excuteA() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            while (nextThread != 1) {
                conditionA.await();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 工作");
            nextThread = 2;
            conditionB.signalAll();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public void excuteB() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            while (nextThread != 2) {
                conditionB.await();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 工作");
            nextThread = 3;
            conditionC.signalAll();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public void excuteC() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            while (nextThread != 3) {
                conditionC.await();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 工作");
            nextThread = 1;
            conditionA.signalAll();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

这里可以看到,注册了三个Condition,分别用于三个线程的等待和通知。
启动类代码:

package com.chapter2.sequencethread;

/**
 * 线程按顺序执行
 * 
 * @author tangj
 *
 */
public class Application {

    private static Runnable getThreadA(final Service service) {
        return new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                for (;;) {
                    service.excuteA();
                }
            }
        };
    }

    private static Runnable getThreadB(final Service service) {
        return new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                for (;;) {
                    service.excuteB();
                }
            }
        };
    }

    private static Runnable getThreadC(final Service service) {
        return new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                for (;;) {
                    service.excuteC();
                }
            }
        };
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Service service = new Service();
        Runnable A = getThreadA(service);
        Runnable B = getThreadB(service);
        Runnable C = getThreadC(service);

        new Thread(B, "B").start();
        new Thread(A, "A").start();
        new Thread(C, "C").start();
    }
}

运行启动类,查看控制台输出结果:

图片.png

A,B,C三个线程一直按照顺序执行。

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