elasticsearchElasticsearch 程序员

Elasticsearch Java API 索引的增删改查(二

2017-11-15  本文已影响322人  全科

Elasticsearch Java API - 客户端连接(TransportClient,PreBuiltXPackTransportClient)(一)

本节介绍以下 CRUD API:

单文档 APIs

多文档 APIs

Multi Get API
Bulk API

注意:所有的单文档的CRUD API,index参数只能接受单一的索引库名称,或者是一个指向单一索引库的alias。

Index API

Index API 允许我们存储一个JSON格式的文档,使数据可以被搜索。文档通过index、type、id唯一确定。我们可以自己提供一个id,或者也使用Index API 为我们自动生成一个。

这里有几种不同的方式来产生JSON格式的文档(document):

手动方式

数据格式

String json = "{" +
        "\"user\":\"kimchy\"," +
        "\"postDate\":\"2013-01-30\"," +
        "\"message\":\"trying out Elasticsearch\"" +
    "}";
实例
/**  
 * 手动生成JSON  
 */  
@Test  
public void CreateJSON(){  
      
    String json = "{" +  
            "\"user\":\"fendo\"," +  
            "\"postDate\":\"2013-01-30\"," +  
            "\"message\":\"Hell word\"" +  
        "}";  
      
    IndexResponse response = client.prepareIndex("fendo", "fendodate")  
            .setSource(json)  
            .get();  
    System.out.println(response.getResult());  
      
}  

Map方式

Map是key:value数据类型,可以代表json结构.

Map<String, Object> json = new HashMap<String, Object>();
json.put("user","kimchy");
json.put("postDate",new Date());
json.put("message","trying out Elasticsearch");
实例
 /**  
 * 使用集合  
 */  
@Test  
public void CreateList(){  
      
    Map<String, Object> json = new HashMap<String, Object>();  
    json.put("user","kimchy");  
    json.put("postDate","2013-01-30");  
    json.put("message","trying out Elasticsearch");  
      
    IndexResponse response = client.prepareIndex("fendo", "fendodate")  
            .setSource(json)  
            .get();  
    System.out.println(response.getResult());  
      
}  

序列化方式

ElasticSearch已经使用了jackson,可以直接使用它把javabean转为json.

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.*;

// instance a json mapper
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper(); // create once, reuse

// generate json
byte[] json = mapper.writeValueAsBytes(yourbeaninstance);
实例
/**  
 * 使用JACKSON序列化  
 * @throws Exception  
 */  
@Test  
public void CreateJACKSON() throws Exception{  
      
    CsdnBlog csdn=new CsdnBlog();  
    csdn.setAuthor("fendo");  
    csdn.setContent("这是JAVA书籍");  
    csdn.setTag("C");  
    csdn.setView("100");  
    csdn.setTitile("编程");  
    csdn.setDate(new Date().toString());  
      
    // instance a json mapper  
    ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper(); // create once, reuse  

    // generate json  
    byte[] json = mapper.writeValueAsBytes(csdn);  
      
    IndexResponse response = client.prepareIndex("fendo", "fendodate")  
            .setSource(json)  
            .get();  
    System.out.println(response.getResult());  
}  

XContentBuilder帮助类方式

ElasticSearch提供了一个内置的帮助类XContentBuilder来产生JSON文档

// Index name
String _index = response.getIndex();
// Type name
String _type = response.getType();
// Document ID (generated or not)
String _id = response.getId();
// Version (if it's the first time you index this document, you will get: 1)
long _version = response.getVersion();
// status has stored current instance statement.
RestStatus status = response.status();
实例
/**  
 * 使用ElasticSearch 帮助类  
 * @throws IOException   
 */  
@Test  
public void CreateXContentBuilder() throws IOException{  
      
    XContentBuilder builder = XContentFactory.jsonBuilder()  
            .startObject()  
                .field("user", "ccse")  
                .field("postDate", new Date())  
                .field("message", "this is Elasticsearch")  
            .endObject();  
      
    IndexResponse response = client.prepareIndex("fendo", "fendodata").setSource(builder).get();  
    System.out.println("创建成功!");  
      
      
}  

综合实例

 
import java.io.IOException;  
import java.net.InetAddress;  
import java.net.UnknownHostException;  
import java.util.Date;  
import java.util.HashMap;  
import java.util.Map;  
  
import org.elasticsearch.action.index.IndexResponse;  
import org.elasticsearch.client.transport.TransportClient;  
import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;  
import org.elasticsearch.common.transport.InetSocketTransportAddress;  
import org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.XContentBuilder;  
import org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.XContentFactory;  
import org.elasticsearch.transport.client.PreBuiltTransportClient;  
import org.junit.Before;  
import org.junit.Test;  
  
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;  
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;  
  
public class CreateIndex {  
  
    private TransportClient client;  
      
    @Before  
    public void getClient() throws Exception{  
        //设置集群名称  
        Settings settings = Settings.builder().put("cluster.name", "my-application").build();// 集群名  
        //创建client  
        client  = new PreBuiltTransportClient(settings)  
                .addTransportAddress(new InetSocketTransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9300));  
    }  
      
    /**  
     * 手动生成JSON  
     */  
    @Test  
    public void CreateJSON(){  
          
        String json = "{" +  
                "\"user\":\"fendo\"," +  
                "\"postDate\":\"2013-01-30\"," +  
                "\"message\":\"Hell word\"" +  
            "}";  
          
        IndexResponse response = client.prepareIndex("fendo", "fendodate")  
                .setSource(json)  
                .get();  
        System.out.println(response.getResult());  
          
    }  
      
      
    /**  
     * 使用集合  
     */  
    @Test  
    public void CreateList(){  
          
        Map<String, Object> json = new HashMap<String, Object>();  
        json.put("user","kimchy");  
        json.put("postDate","2013-01-30");  
        json.put("message","trying out Elasticsearch");  
          
        IndexResponse response = client.prepareIndex("fendo", "fendodate")  
                .setSource(json)  
                .get();  
        System.out.println(response.getResult());  
          
    }  
      
    /**  
     * 使用JACKSON序列化  
     * @throws Exception  
     */  
    @Test  
    public void CreateJACKSON() throws Exception{  
          
        CsdnBlog csdn=new CsdnBlog();  
        csdn.setAuthor("fendo");  
        csdn.setContent("这是JAVA书籍");  
        csdn.setTag("C");  
        csdn.setView("100");  
        csdn.setTitile("编程");  
        csdn.setDate(new Date().toString());  
          
        // instance a json mapper  
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper(); // create once, reuse  
  
        // generate json  
        byte[] json = mapper.writeValueAsBytes(csdn);  
          
        IndexResponse response = client.prepareIndex("fendo", "fendodate")  
                .setSource(json)  
                .get();  
        System.out.println(response.getResult());  
    }  
      
    /**  
     * 使用ElasticSearch 帮助类  
     * @throws IOException   
     */  
    @Test  
    public void CreateXContentBuilder() throws IOException{  
          
        XContentBuilder builder = XContentFactory.jsonBuilder()  
                .startObject()  
                    .field("user", "ccse")  
                    .field("postDate", new Date())  
                    .field("message", "this is Elasticsearch")  
                .endObject();  
          
        IndexResponse response = client.prepareIndex("fendo", "fendodata").setSource(builder).get();  
        System.out.println("创建成功!");  
          
          
    }  
      
}  

你还可以通过startArray(string)和endArray()方法添加数组。.field()方法可以接受多种对象类型。你可以给它传递数字、日期、甚至其他XContentBuilder对象。

Get API

根据id查看文档:

GetResponse response = client.prepareGet("twitter", "tweet", "1").get();

更多请查看 rest get API 文档

配置线程

operationThreaded 设置为 true 是在不同的线程里执行此次操作

下面的例子是operationThreaded 设置为 false

GetResponse response = client.prepareGet("twitter", "tweet", "1")
        .setOperationThreaded(false)
        .get();

Delete API

根据ID删除:

DeleteResponse response = client.prepareDelete("twitter", "tweet", "1").get();

更多请查看 delete API 文档

配置线程

operationThreaded 设置为 true 是在不同的线程里执行此次操作

下面的例子是operationThreaded 设置为 false

GetResponse response = client.prepareGet("twitter", "tweet", "1")
        .setOperationThreaded(false)
        .get();
DeleteResponse response = client.prepareDelete("twitter", "tweet", "1")
        .setOperationThreaded(false)
        .get();

Delete By Query API

通过查询条件删除

BulkByScrollResponse response =
    DeleteByQueryAction.INSTANCE.newRequestBuilder(client)
        .filter(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("gender", "male")) //查询条件
        .source("persons") //index(索引名)
        .get();  //执行

long deleted = response.getDeleted(); //删除文档的数量

如果需要执行的时间比较长,可以使用异步的方式处理,结果在回调里面获取

DeleteByQueryAction.INSTANCE.newRequestBuilder(client)
    .filter(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("gender", "male"))      //查询            
    .source("persons")                //index(索引名)                                    
    .execute(new ActionListener<BulkByScrollResponse>() {     //回调监听     
        @Override
        public void onResponse(BulkByScrollResponse response) {
            long deleted = response.getDeleted();   //删除文档的数量                 
        }
        @Override
        public void onFailure(Exception e) {
            // Handle the exception
        }
    });

Update API

有两种方式更新索引:

使用UpdateRequest

UpdateRequest updateRequest = new UpdateRequest();
updateRequest.index("index");
updateRequest.type("type");
updateRequest.id("1");
updateRequest.doc(jsonBuilder()
        .startObject()
            .field("gender", "male")
        .endObject());
client.update(updateRequest).get();

使用 prepareUpdate() 方法

这里官方的示例有问题,new Script()参数错误,所以一下代码是我自己写的(2017/11/10)

client.prepareUpdate("ttl", "doc", "1")
        .setScript(new Script("ctx._source.gender = \"male\""  ,ScriptService.ScriptType.INLINE, null, null))//脚本可以是本地文件存储的,如果使用文件存储的脚本,需要设置 ScriptService.ScriptType.FILE 
        .get();

client.prepareUpdate("ttl", "doc", "1")
        .setDoc(jsonBuilder()   //合并到现有文档
            .startObject()
                .field("gender", "male")
            .endObject())
        .get();

Update by script

使用脚本更新文档

UpdateRequest updateRequest = new UpdateRequest("ttl", "doc", "1")
        .script(new Script("ctx._source.gender = \"male\""));
client.update(updateRequest).get();

Update by merging documents

合并文档

UpdateRequest updateRequest = new UpdateRequest("index", "type", "1")
        .doc(jsonBuilder()
            .startObject()
                .field("gender", "male")
            .endObject());
client.update(updateRequest).get();

Upsert

更新插入,如果存在文档就更新,如果不存在就插入

IndexRequest indexRequest = new IndexRequest("index", "type", "1")
        .source(jsonBuilder()
            .startObject()
                .field("name", "Joe Smith")
                .field("gender", "male")
            .endObject());
UpdateRequest updateRequest = new UpdateRequest("index", "type", "1")
        .doc(jsonBuilder()
            .startObject()
                .field("gender", "male")
            .endObject())
        .upsert(indexRequest); //如果不存在此文档 ,就增加 `indexRequest`
client.update(updateRequest).get();

如果 index/type/1 存在,类似下面的文档:

{
    "name"  : "Joe Dalton",
    "gender": "male"        
}

如果不存在,会插入新的文档:

{
    "name" : "Joe Smith",
    "gender": "male"
}

Multi Get API

一次获取多个文档

MultiGetResponse multiGetItemResponses = client.prepareMultiGet()
    .add("twitter", "tweet", "1") //一个id的方式
    .add("twitter", "tweet", "2", "3", "4") //多个id的方式
    .add("another", "type", "foo")  //可以从另外一个索引获取
    .get();

for (MultiGetItemResponse itemResponse : multiGetItemResponses) { //迭代返回值
    GetResponse response = itemResponse.getResponse();
    if (response.isExists()) {      //判断是否存在                
        String json = response.getSourceAsString(); //_source 字段
    }
}

更多请浏览REST multi get 文档

Bulk API

Bulk API,批量插入:

import static org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.XContentFactory.*;
BulkRequestBuilder bulkRequest = client.prepareBulk();

// either use client#prepare, or use Requests# to directly build index/delete requests
bulkRequest.add(client.prepareIndex("twitter", "tweet", "1")
        .setSource(jsonBuilder()
                    .startObject()
                        .field("user", "kimchy")
                        .field("postDate", new Date())
                        .field("message", "trying out Elasticsearch")
                    .endObject()
                  )
        );

bulkRequest.add(client.prepareIndex("twitter", "tweet", "2")
        .setSource(jsonBuilder()
                    .startObject()
                        .field("user", "kimchy")
                        .field("postDate", new Date())
                        .field("message", "another post")
                    .endObject()
                  )
        );

BulkResponse bulkResponse = bulkRequest.get();
if (bulkResponse.hasFailures()) {
    // process failures by iterating through each bulk response item
    //处理失败
}

使用 Bulk Processor

BulkProcessor 提供了一个简单的接口,在给定的大小数量上定时批量自动请求

创建BulkProcessor实例

首先创建BulkProcessor实例

import org.elasticsearch.action.bulk.BackoffPolicy;
import org.elasticsearch.action.bulk.BulkProcessor;
import org.elasticsearch.common.unit.ByteSizeUnit;
import org.elasticsearch.common.unit.ByteSizeValue;
import org.elasticsearch.common.unit.TimeValue;
BulkProcessor bulkProcessor = BulkProcessor.builder(
        client,  //增加elasticsearch客户端
        new BulkProcessor.Listener() {
            @Override
            public void beforeBulk(long executionId,
                                   BulkRequest request) { ... } //调用bulk之前执行 ,例如你可以通过request.numberOfActions()方法知道numberOfActions

            @Override
            public void afterBulk(long executionId,
                                  BulkRequest request,
                                  BulkResponse response) { ... } //调用bulk之后执行 ,例如你可以通过request.hasFailures()方法知道是否执行失败

            @Override
            public void afterBulk(long executionId,
                                  BulkRequest request,
                                  Throwable failure) { ... } //调用失败抛 Throwable
        })
        .setBulkActions(10000) //每次10000请求
        .setBulkSize(new ByteSizeValue(5, ByteSizeUnit.MB)) //拆成5mb一块
        .setFlushInterval(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(5)) //无论请求数量多少,每5秒钟请求一次。
        .setConcurrentRequests(1) //设置并发请求的数量。值为0意味着只允许执行一个请求。值为1意味着允许1并发请求。
        .setBackoffPolicy(
            BackoffPolicy.exponentialBackoff(TimeValue.timeValueMillis(100), 3))//设置自定义重复请求机制,最开始等待100毫秒,之后成倍更加,重试3次,当一次或多次重复请求失败后因为计算资源不够抛出 EsRejectedExecutionException 异常,可以通过BackoffPolicy.noBackoff()方法关闭重试机制
        .build();

BulkProcessor 默认设置

增加requests

然后增加requestsBulkProcessor

bulkProcessor.add(new IndexRequest("twitter", "tweet", "1").source(/* your doc here */));
bulkProcessor.add(new DeleteRequest("twitter", "tweet", "2"));

关闭 Bulk Processor

当所有文档都处理完成,使用awaitCloseclose 方法关闭BulkProcessor:

bulkProcessor.awaitClose(10, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

bulkProcessor.close();

在测试中使用Bulk Processor

如果你在测试种使用Bulk Processor可以执行同步方法

BulkProcessor bulkProcessor = BulkProcessor.builder(client, new BulkProcessor.Listener() { /* Listener methods */ })
        .setBulkActions(10000)
        .setConcurrentRequests(0)
        .build();

// Add your requests
bulkProcessor.add(/* Your requests */);

// Flush any remaining requests
bulkProcessor.flush();

// Or close the bulkProcessor if you don't need it anymore
bulkProcessor.close();

// Refresh your indices
client.admin().indices().prepareRefresh().get();

// Now you can start searching!
client.prepareSearch().get();

所有实例 已经上传到Git

更多请浏览 spring-boot-starter-es 开源项目

全科龙婷▼升职加薪

全科龙婷
上一篇下一篇

猜你喜欢

热点阅读