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Docker：docker-compose多容器编排管理，部署F

2021-07-18  本文已影响0人  xiaogp

摘要：Docker

Docker Compose简介

Docker Compose是一个用于定义和运行多容器Docker应用程序的工具。使用Compose，可以使用YAML文件来配置应用程序的服务。然后，使用一个命令，从配置中创建并启动所有服务。使用Compose基本上分为三个步骤：

docker-compose.yml示例

docker-compose.yml有多个版本，每个版本格式略有不同，以最新的version3为例一个yml文件如下

version: '3'
services:
  mysql:
    build: ./mysql
    ports: 
      - "3306:3306"
    environment:
      - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=***
    restart: always
  redis:
    image: redis:3.2
    restart: always
  flask:
    build: ./flask
    ports:
     - "5000:5000"
    depends_on: 
     - mysql
     - redis
    links: 
     - mysql:mysql  
     - redis:redis-server 
    restart: always
  nginx: 
    build: ./nginx 
    ports: 
      - "80:80" 
    links: 
     - flask

docker-compose安装

在linux环境下使用curl从github上下载Docker Compose的当前稳定版本

sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.29.2/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

赋予二进制文件可执行权限

root@ubuntu:/etc/openvpn# sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

也可以使用pip安装，必须是3.6之后的Python版本

pip install docker-compose

测试docker-compose命令查看版本

root@ubuntu:/etc/openvpn# docker-compose -v
docker-compose version 1.29.2, build 5becea4c

docker-compose部署应用Quickly start

（1）工程结构准备

创建一个目录test作为项目目录，创建两个子目录mysql，flask分别对应两个服务，目录结构如下

root@ubuntu:~/docker/docker-compose/test# tree
.
├── flask
│   ├── app
│   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   └── __pycache__
│   │       └── __init__.cpython-37.pyc
│   ├── blueprints
│   │   ├── compare.py
│   │   ├── detail.py
...
└── mysql
    └── pira.sql
（2）Flask工程准备

在flask目录下放置工程代码，数据，配置文件，以及Dockerfile，用于docker-compose下一步进行镜像构建和服务启动，其中Dockerfile如下

From python:3.7
MAINTAINER xiaogp
ENV PIPURL "https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple"
COPY . /home
WORKDIR /home
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt -i ${PIPURL} --default-timeout=1000
CMD gunicorn -c gun.conf.py manage:app

其中的部分关键的数据库配置如下,数据库的user，password，db通过docker启动时的-e环境变量传入，数据库host需要访问MySQL容器的IP，采用--link的自动获取

# vim settings.py

class ProductionConfig(BaseConfig):
    USERNAME = os.environ.get('MYSQL_USER')
    PASSWORD = os.environ.get('MYSQL_PASSWORD')
    HOST = 'mysql'
    PORT = '3306'
    DATABASE = os.environ.get('MYSQL_DB')
    DB_URI = 'mysql+pymysql://{}:{}@{}:{}/{}?charset=utf8'.format(USERNAME, PASSWORD, HOST, PORT, DATABASE)
    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = DB_URI
（3）MySQL服务准备

MySQL直接采用默认的latest MySQL镜像，不在额外编写Dockerfile，在mysql目录下放置MySQL的数据导出文件（mysqldump），在启动MySQL容器时挂载到容器内导入（source）

root@ubuntu:~/docker/docker-compose/test/mysql# ls -lh
total 80M
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 80M 7月  10 19:04 pira.sql
（4）docker-compose.yml构建

在test项目目录下创建docker-compose.yml文件如下

version: '3'
services: 
  mysql:
    image: mysql
    restart: always
    volumes: 
      - ./mysql:/home
    environment:
      - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=gp123456
  flask:
    build: ./flask
    volumes: 
      - ./flask:/home
    links: 
      - mysql:mysql
    environment: 
      - MYSQL_USER=xiaogp
      - MYSQL_PASSWORD=gp123456
      - MYSQL_DB=pira
    ports:
      - "5000:5000"

启动docker-compose up，该命令可以自动完成包括构建镜像，(重新)创建服务，启动服务

root@ubuntu:~/docker/docker-compose/test# docker-compose up
Starting test_mysql_1 ... done
Starting test_flask_1 ... done
Attaching to test_mysql_1, test_flask_1
mysql_1  | 2021-07-18 14:53:33+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 8.0.25-1debian10 started.
mysql_1  | 2021-07-18 14:53:33+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Switching to dedicated user 'mysql'
mysql_1  | 2021-07-18 14:53:33+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 8.0.25-1debian10 started.
mysql_1  | 2021-07-18T14:53:33.633919Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.25) starting as process 1
mysql_1  | 2021-07-18T14:53:33.673943Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
flask_1  | [2021-07-18 14:53:38 +0000] [8] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 20.0.4
flask_1  | [2021-07-18 14:53:38 +0000] [8] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:5000 (8)
flask_1  | [2021-07-18 14:53:38 +0000] [8] [INFO] Using worker: gevent
flask_1  | [2021-07-18 14:53:38 +0000] [11] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 11
flask_1  | [2021-07-18 14:53:38 +0000] [12] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 12
flask_1  | [2021-07-18 14:53:38 +0000] [13] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 13
flask_1  | [2021-07-18 14:53:39 +0000] [14] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 14
flask_1  | [2021-07-18 14:53:39 +0000] [15] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 15
flask_1  | [2021-07-18 14:53:39 +0000] [16] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 16
flask_1  | [2021-07-18 14:53:39 +0000] [17] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 17
flask_1  | [2021-07-18 14:53:39 +0000] [18] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 18
flask_1  | [2021-07-18 14:53:39 +0000] [19] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 19

启动成功，分别创建了两个容器test_mysql_1和test_flask_1，都是以项目和服务（目录结构）进行命令，可以使用docker-compose images和docker-compose ps查看，也可以使用docker images和docker ps查看到

root@ubuntu:~/docker/docker-compose/test# docker-compose images
 Container     Repository    Tag       Image Id       Size  
------------------------------------------------------------
test_flask_1   test_flask   latest   6a05c4dd18fe   1.009 GB
test_mysql_1   mysql        latest   5c62e459e087   555.7 MB

分别启动了两个容器，test_mysql_1和test_flask_1

root@ubuntu:~/docker/docker-compose/test# docker-compose ps
    Name                  Command               State           Ports         
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
test_flask_1   /bin/sh -c gunicorn -c gun ...   Up      0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp
test_mysql_1   docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld      Up      3306/tcp, 33060/tcp

下一步进入MySQL容器进行用户创建和导入数据

root@ubuntu:~/docker/docker-compose/test# docker exec -it test_mysql_1 /bin/bash
root@69bbf80dbb39:/# cd /home/
root@69bbf80dbb39:/home# ls
pira.sql
root@69bbf80dbb39:/home# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 27
...

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> create database pira default charset utf8mb4;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.12 sec)

mysql> use pira;
Database changed
mysql> source pira.sql;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
...

下一步创建xiaogp用户，并且赋予全部表权限

mysql> create user 'xiaogp'@'%' identified by 'gp123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'xiaogp'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select host, user from user;
+-----------+---------------+
| host      | user          |
+-----------+---------------+
| localhost  | root          |
| %         | xiaogp        |
| localhost | mysql.session |
| localhost | mysql.sys     |
| localhost | root          |
+-----------+---------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

测试远程登录ok

root@ubuntu:~/docker/docker-compose/test# mysql -h172.17.0.3 -p3306 -uxiaogp -pgp123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 5.7.34 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

mysql>

数据库配置完成后访问web项目地址http://127.0.0.1:5000/PiraScore/，启动成功，在docker-compose终端也能查看到相关日志

...
flask_1  | 2021-07-19 12:26:48,925 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT count(*) AS count_1 
flask_1  | FROM (SELECT pira_score.ent_name AS pira_score_ent_name, pira_score.score AS pira_score_score 
flask_1  | FROM pira_score 
flask_1  | WHERE pira_score.datetime = %(datetime_1)s) AS anon_1
flask_1  | 2021-07-19 12:26:48,925 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine {'datetime_1': '2020-12-07'}
flask_1  | [2021-07-19 12:26:48,991] INFO in __init__: {"AccessLog": {"status_code": 200, "method": "GET", "ip": "172.19.0.1", "url": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/PiraScore/", "requestId": "7b34e51f19aa4c899934c686184a632f"}}
...

docker-compose.yml相关参数介绍

整理一下docker-compose.yml中的参数写法

（1）镜像相关
（2）容器启动相关
（3）容器间关系

docker-compose相关命令介绍

docker-compose + Harbor实践

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