KVO的底层实现原理
2017-01-09 本文已影响111人
三十一_iOS
Runtime.png
主要是写一下自己对如何自己动手实现 KVO这个文章的理解。
当你观察一个对象时,一个新的类会动态被创建。这个类继承自该对象的原本的类,并重写了被观察属性的 setter
方法。自然,重写的 setter
方法会负责在调用原 setter
方法之前和之后,通知所有观察对象值的更改。最后把这个对象的 isa
指针 ( isa
指针告诉 Runtime 系统这个对象的类是什么 ) 指向这个新创建的子类,对象就神奇的变成了新创建的子类的实例。
原来,这个中间类,继承自原本的那个类。不仅如此,Apple 还重写了 -class
方法,企图欺骗我们这个类没有变,就是原本那个类。更具体的信息,去跑一下 Mike Ash 的那篇文章里的代码就能明白,这里就不再重复
先放上demo地址(不是我写的,还没那个功力,只是记录下我的理解)
作者自己总结的思路
- 检查对象的类有没有相应的 setter 方法。如果没有抛出异常;
- 检查对象 isa
- 指向的类是不是一个 KVO 类。如果不是,新建一个继承原来类的子类,并把 isa
指向这个新建的子类; - 检查对象的 KVO 类重写过没有这个 setter 方法。如果没有,添加重写的 setter 方法;
- 添加这个观察者
以下我根据作者的代码通过搜索,一步步的写出作者每一步代码的意思,生硬的写出。
1、方法 - (void)PG_addObserver:(NSObject *)observer forKey:(NSString *)key withBlock:(PGObservingBlock)block;
- (void)PG_addObserver:(NSObject *)observer
forKey:(NSString *)key
withBlock:(PGObservingBlock)block
{
//setterForGetter 通过要观察的 key 组装 set方法字符串
//NSSelectorFromString 通过字符串 生成 SEL
SEL setterSelector = NSSelectorFromString(setterForGetter(key));
//class_getInstanceMethod 通过SEL 获取 [self class] 实例方法 Method
Method setterMethod = class_getInstanceMethod([self class], setterSelector);
//如果实例方法不存在
if (!setterMethod) {
NSString *reason = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Object %@ does not have a setter for key %@", self, key];
@throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSInvalidArgumentException
reason:reason
userInfo:nil];
return;
}
//1,取的当前类
Class clazz = object_getClass(self);
//2,根据类得到类名称的字符串
NSString *clazzName = NSStringFromClass(clazz);
// if not an KVO class yet
//3,判断类名称是否包含 kPGKVOClassPrefix
//判断KVO子类是否创建
if (![clazzName hasPrefix:kPGKVOClassPrefix]) {
//如果不包含,创建当前类的子类 用于KVO
clazz = [self makeKvoClassWithOriginalClassName:clazzName];
//将self isa 指向 clazz
//这可以用在Key Value Observing。当你开始observing an object时,Cocoa会创建这个object的class的subclass,然后将这个object的isa指向新创建的subclass。
// http://blog.jobbole.com/45963/
//简单粗暴的理解就是 建立一个子类,替代现有父类
//把当前类实例self,指向子类clazz
/**
* Sets the class of an object.
*
* @param obj The object to modify.
* @param cls A class object.
*
* @return The previous value of \e object's class, or \c Nil if \e object is \c nil.
*/
object_setClass(self, clazz);
}
// add our kvo setter if this class (not superclasses) doesn't implement the setter?
//判断是否已经创建 新的set 方法
if (![self hasSelector:setterSelector]) {
const char *types = method_getTypeEncoding(setterMethod);
//创建新的set方法 替换原有的方法
//class_addMethod的4个参数分别添加方法的目标类、新方法的选择器、函数的地址(数据类型为IMP)和描述方法参数的数据类型的字符串(字符串里的内容分别依次为函数返回值类型和每个参数类型,在这里v表示void,@表示selector,:表示IMP)
//http://blog.csdn.net/lvmaker/article/details/32396167
// setterSelector 方法名
//(IMP)kvo_setter setterSelector 的具体实现!!!!!!
class_addMethod(clazz, setterSelector, (IMP)kvo_setter, types);
}
PGObservationInfo *info = [[PGObservationInfo alloc] initWithObserver:observer Key:key block:block];
//关联对象
//objc_getAssociatedObject 相当于get方法读取
NSMutableArray *observers = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, (__bridge const void *)(kPGKVOAssociatedObservers));
if (!observers) {
//如果没有 objc_setAssociatedObject 相当于调用set方法
observers = [NSMutableArray array];
objc_setAssociatedObject(self, (__bridge const void *)(kPGKVOAssociatedObservers), observers, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
}
//加入数组
[observers addObject:info];
}
2、方法 static NSString * setterForGetter(NSString *getter) 根据key组装set方法的字符串
static NSString * setterForGetter(NSString *getter)
{
if (getter.length <= 0) {
return nil;
}
// upper case the first letter
//取出首字母 并且大写
NSString *firstLetter = [[getter substringToIndex:1] uppercaseString];
//取出余下字符串
NSString *remainingLetters = [getter substringFromIndex:1];
// add 'set' at the begining and ':' at the end
// eg:把 method 修改为 setMethod:
NSString *setter = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"set%@%@:", firstLetter, remainingLetters];
return setter;
}
3、方法 - (Class)makeKvoClassWithOriginalClassName:(NSString *)originalClazzName 为当前类创建子类,用于观察值的变化
- (Class)makeKvoClassWithOriginalClassName:(NSString *)originalClazzName
{
//拼接 kPGKVOClassPrefix 作为子类名称
NSString *kvoClazzName = [kPGKVOClassPrefix stringByAppendingString:originalClazzName];
//由 字符串 得到类
Class clazz = NSClassFromString(kvoClazzName);
//如果clazz类存在 直接返回 clazz
if (clazz) {
return clazz;
}
//如果clazz 不存在 创建 注册
//为了创建一个新类,我们需要调用objc_allocateClassPair。然后使用诸如class_addMethod,class_addIvar等函数来为新创建的类添加方法、实例变量和属性等。完成这些后,我们需要调用objc_registerClassPair函数来注册类,之后这个新类就可以在程序中使用了。
// class doesn't exist yet, make it
//取得当前类
Class originalClazz = object_getClass(self);
//创建 kvoClazzName 类 并且把originalClazz 当做父类
Class kvoClazz = objc_allocateClassPair(originalClazz, kvoClazzName.UTF8String, 0);
// grab class method's signature so we can borrow it
//获取实例方法 class
Method clazzMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(originalClazz, @selector(class));
const char *types = method_getTypeEncoding(clazzMethod);
// class_addMethod的4个参数分别添加方法的目标类、新方法的选择器、函数的地址(数据类型为IMP)和描述方法参数的数据类型的字符串(字符串里的内容分别依次为函数返回值类型和每个参数类型,在这里v表示void,@表示selector,:表示IMP)
//下面代码的意思 就是为kvoClazz添加一个class方法,具体的实现是(IMP)kvo_class
class_addMethod(kvoClazz, @selector(class), (IMP)kvo_class, types);
objc_registerClassPair(kvoClazz);
return kvoClazz;
}
4,方法 - (BOOL)hasSelector:(SEL)selector 判断 selector 是否已经存在
- (BOOL)hasSelector:(SEL)selector
{
Class clazz = object_getClass(self);
unsigned int methodCount = 0;
//class_copyMethodList 取得clazz方法列表
Method* methodList = class_copyMethodList(clazz, &methodCount);
//判断selector 是否已经存在
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < methodCount; i++) {
SEL thisSelector = method_getName(methodList[i]);
if (thisSelector == selector) {
free(methodList);
return YES;
}
}
free(methodList);
return NO;
}
5、 runtime 函数
1. class_getInstanceMethod
/**
* Returns a specified instance method for a given class.
*
* @param cls The class you want to inspect.
* @param name The selector of the method you want to retrieve.
*
* @return The method that corresponds to the implementation of the selector specified by
* \e name for the class specified by \e cls, or \c NULL if the specified class or its
* superclasses do not contain an instance method with the specified selector.
*
* @note This function searches superclasses for implementations, whereas \c class_copyMethodList does not.
*/
Method setterMethod = class_getInstanceMethod([self class], setterSelector);
我的理解是:根据SEL 取得Class的具体实现方法
2. class_getInstanceMethod
/**
* Sets the class of an object.
*
* @param obj The object to modify.
* @param cls A class object.
*
* @return The previous value of \e object's class, or \c Nil if \e object is \c nil.
*/
设置对象的类
object_setClass(self, clazz);
我的理解就是为实例self 设置类为 clazz
3. class_addMethod
/**
* Adds a new method to a class with a given name and implementation.
*
* @param cls The class to which to add a method.
* @param name A selector that specifies the name of the method being added.
* @param imp A function which is the implementation of the new method. The function must take at least two arguments—self and _cmd.
* @param types An array of characters that describe the types of the arguments to the method.
*
* @return YES if the method was added successfully, otherwise NO
* (for example, the class already contains a method implementation with that name).
*
* @note class_addMethod will add an override of a superclass's implementation,
* but will not replace an existing implementation in this class.
* To change an existing implementation, use method_setImplementation.
*/
class_addMethod(clazz, setterSelector, (IMP)kvo_setter, types);
我的理解,其实就是翻译下英文 囧RZ。
为类添加一个方法,clazz : 那个类需要添加方法
setterSelector : 添加方法的SEL
kvo_setter:(implementation 实现)具体实现
types:参数数组
4. objc_getAssociatedObject objc_setAssociatedObject
相当于getter、setter
5. object_getClass
Class clazz = object_getClass(self);
根据实例self得到self的类。
6. objc_allocateClassPair
/**
* Creates a new class and metaclass.
*
* @param superclass The class to use as the new class's superclass, or \c Nil to create a new root class.
* @param name The string to use as the new class's name. The string will be copied.
* @param extraBytes The number of bytes to allocate for indexed ivars at the end of
* the class and metaclass objects. This should usually be \c 0.
*
* @return The new class, or Nil if the class could not be created (for example, the desired name is already in use).
*
* @note You can get a pointer to the new metaclass by calling \c object_getClass(newClass).
* @note To create a new class, start by calling \c objc_allocateClassPair.
* Then set the class's attributes with functions like \c class_addMethod and \c class_addIvar.
* When you are done building the class, call \c objc_registerClassPair. The new class is now ready for use.
* @note Instance methods and instance variables should be added to the class itself.
* Class methods should be added to the metaclass.
*/
Class kvoClazz = objc_allocateClassPair(originalClazz, kvoClazzName.UTF8String, 0);
创建一个新类名称为kvoClazzName,父类为originalClazz,分配内存大小为0
7. objc_registerClassPair
objc_registerClassPair(kvoClazz);
注册 kvoClazz